E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01159 (2023) https://doi.org/10.

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IoT-Based System for Automated Accident

Detection and Rescue

Manasa Manchala1* Harikrishna Bommala2, Vijaya Rama Raju3, Ruby Pant4

1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KG Reddy College of Engineering &
Technology, Hyderabad,Telangana, Inida.
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KG Reddy College of Engineering &
Technology, Hyderabad,Telangana, Inida.
3Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GRIET, Bachupally,
Hyderabad,Telangana.

4
Uttaranchal Instiiute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007

Abstract. One of the most common causes of death is auto accidents.

The worst thing that may happen to a road user is a traffic accident,
despite the fact that they happen regularly. The worst part is that we
fail to learn from our on-the-road errors. Most people who use roads
regularly are extremely familiar with the fundamental guidelines and
safety procedures that should be followed, but it is only their own
negligence that results in accidents and wrecks. Accidents and
crashes are primarily caused by human error. Here are some
examples of normal human actions that result in accidents. 1.
Driving too fast; 2. Driving while intoxicated; 3. Distracting the
driver; 4. Running red lights; 5. Avoid utilizing safety equipment,
such as seatbelts and helmets; 6. Driving erratically and overtaking
improperly in order to save lives in a traffic collision, we’re going
to construct an Arduino-based car accident alert system that
combines GPS, GSM, and an accelerometer. If the accelerometer
detects an abrupt shift in the vehicle's axis, the GSM module alerts
you and communicates the location of the accident to your cell
phone. The GPS module's latitude and longitude are utilized to
pinpoint the accident's location, which is provided as a Google Map
link. The message also contains the vehicle's speed in knots.

Keywords: Vehicle accident alert systems, accelerometer, Global

system for Mobile Communication(GSM), Global positioning
System(GPS).

* Corresponding Author 1*[email protected]

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 430, 01159 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001159
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1 INTRODUCTION
Every time a traffic collision happens, nearby residents must manually call the
ambulance, which is a waste of time. Emergency responders must travel farther to
reach the accident scene as a result [1]. We're going to create a system that will
give victims access to emergency facilities as soon as is practical in order to solve
the issue. It has an embedded system coupled with a GPS and GSM module on an
Arduino UNO [2-3]. The front of the vehicle is where the entire setup is mounted.
The location of the car is determined using the Global Positioning System (GPS).
When sending an SMS to pre-coded numbers, GSM is utilized to provide the
precise longitude and latitude coordinates of a vehicle's location. The GSM
module uses a SIM card to enable two-way communication. Such a module
functions just like a typical phone does [4] This application provides the best
solution to the problem of insufficient emergency facilities for traffic accidents.
Speed is one of the most important and fundamentally dangerous aspects when
driving. It not only has an impact on these collisions, but it also makes them more
likely [5]. Accidents still happen occasionally despite the numerous efforts made
by governmental and non-governmental groups around the world through
different programs to raise awareness against irresponsible driving. Many lives
could have been saved if the emergency services had been able to get the crash
information in time [6]. A research by Virtanen et al. found that 4.6% of accident
fatalities would have been averted if emergency services had arrived at the
accident scene promptly. In order to save the irreplaceable human life, effective
automatic accident detection with automatic communication of the accident site to
the emergency services is crucial.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Piezo Disk Based Automobile Safety System:

The automobile business is expanding steadily all around the world. In order to
save lives, a car system must offer safety in dangerous situations. Although many
safety precautions are used to make systems more adaptable, there is still a
significant gap in emergency facilities. If the emergency services are given crash
information and the right assistance is given in a timely manner, many lives can
be saved. [7 -8] offers a novel solution to this problem. A standard GPS system is
used to track car accidents, and a GSM modem is used to report them. To detect a
collision during an accident, we have used numerous piezo disks in this system.
The sensor's analog value was read by the Arduino microcontroller [9]. When a
sensor's threshold value is surpassed, GSM is used to send the matching GPS
coordinates of the accident location to the predetermined numbers [10]. If the
driver is secure, he must manually turn off the safety switch before the counter
runs out. On LCD, the counter is visible. This method will help in the production
of inexpensive automotive safety systems.
B. Building intelligent transportation systems with Bluetooth and sensor
networks:
If vehicles can be made to form groups for data communication, the safety of road

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traffic can be increased. When two or more automobiles are equipped with
Bluetooth devices, they can communicate with one another using the Bluetooth
protocol [11]. The principles of wireless sensor networks and the Bluetooth
protocol are used in this work to provide a fresh strategy for enhancing road safety.
We go through the formation of mobile ad hoc networks by cars and how they can
share sensor data [12]. These data might be combined to provide a better
knowledge of the traffic conditions in the area. It is assessed whether Bluetooth can
be used by automobiles to communicate data. Investigating coverage area and
likelihood of detection plots for isotropic and non-isotropic sensors can help us
learn how to use sensors to stop potentially dangerous traffic scenarios [14]. The
simulation findings demonstrate how Bluetooth and sensor networks may work
together to improve road safety.
C. Bluetooth Wireless Monitoring, Managing, and Control for Inter-Vehicle
Vehicle Ad-Hoe Networks:
The number of accessories that car owners demand to have in their vehicles is
increasing, but the available accessories must be managed manually by the driver
and improperly by a smart system. These attachments can all be manually
controlled by the user using various standalone controllers. Additionally, RF
technology, which is not present in mobile devices, is used by the controller itself.
In order to manage, operate, and monitor all the gadgets within the car using a
personal mobile phone, a comprehensive and integrated system is therefore
necessary [15]. Design and creation of a comprehensive system for managing and
controlling all inter-vehicle accessories, enhancing the utility and effectiveness of
inter-vehicle communications for drivers.
Approach: The suggested system was created using Java, Bluetooth, and
Microcontroller technology to realize the idea of an intelligent car with the ability
to use a remote mobile phone interface.
There are two steps to the development plans for this innovation: (1) smart phone
and PDA application platform built on the Java programming language (2) Using
monitoring and control mechanisms provided by Bluetooth media, a smart system
compatible with the receiver side is designed and implemented on hardware to
manage and link all interior accessories.
Results: The components of hardware and software systems were planned, and the
finished prototype had undergone successful testing on actual automobiles. The
user can monitor and manage the vehicle accessories by installing the system
interface on a mobile phone during the testing stage. The system's effectiveness,
adaptability, and breadth of functionality have been demonstrated with the use of
various car accessories [16].
Conclusion: This project includes developing a novel technology to lower interior
vehicle temperatures that are harmful to the driver's health and to enable the driver
to operate some automotive accessories using a mobile phone. The car's accessories
can link to the microcontroller and be controlled by a mobile application after it has
a Bluetooth module and control system installed.
D. Using cellphones to identify car accidents and give first responders
situational awareness:

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Accident detection systems speed up the reaction time of emergency personnel,

hence reducing the number of fatalities resulting from auto accidents. Smartphones
and the sensors built into them, such GPS and accelerometers, are intriguing
building blocks for such systems. Three new findings in the study of smartphone-
based accident detection systems are presented in this publication. First, we discuss
approaches to important problems in traffic accident detection, like avoiding false
positives by using mobile context information and polling onboard sensors to
identify significant accelerations [17].
Second, We describe layout of the prototype Smartphone-based accident
detection system and conduct an empirical analysis of both its capability for
accident reconstruction and its resistance to false positives [18]. The third topic
we cover is how Smartphone-based accident detection might lessen general traffic
congestion and improve emergency responder readiness.
E. Full Microcontroller Based Vehicle Accident Detection System with Saudi
Arabia Case Study:
It was discovered that Saudi Arabia records more than 500 thousand incidents
annually with up to 17 fatalities per day, making the issue of road accidents there
a major and enormous concern. We were inspired to do extensive study and
develop a proposal for a solution that can lessen the impact of traffic accidents
because such high numbers are primarily caused by the absence or delay in
responding to the wounded person's needs for assistance. In this work, we provide
a sensor-based microcontroller system that identifies accidents as soon as they
happen by combining a variety of sensors and modules with an Arduino
microcontroller [19]. In order to enhance and deliver data more precisely, we
have integrated the Airbag sensor.

3 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

3.1 System Hardware & Functioning
A microcontroller, microprocessor, or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) may serve
as the central processing unit (often referred to as a processor). Microcontroller is
a term used to describe a low-cost processor. Its main selling point is that it will
have a number of extra parts on the chip itself, including memory, a serial
connection interface, and an analog-to-digital converter. A microcontroller is the
greatest option for small applications as a result of the low requirement for
external components. On the other hand, although they need many more
components, microprocessors are more powerful. D5P is mostly used in signal
processing applications like audio and video processing.
Two types of memory : random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory
(ROM). The RAM contents are lost if the chip's power is turned off, however the
ROM contents are kept even if the power is turned off. The firmware is therefore
retained in the ROM. The CPU reads the ROM and starts the software when the
power is turned on. input gadgets The capabilities of an embedded system's input
devices are much more constrained than those of desktop computers. It will be
challenging to connect to the embedded system because there won't be a keyboard
or mouse. Many embedded devices come with a tiny keypad where you can type a

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single key to send a specific command. Using a keypad, only the digits may be
entered. Many embedded systems used in process control don't have a way for
people to interact with them; instead, they gather data from sensors or other
transducers and turn it into electrical impulses that are delivered to other systems.
The capabilities of embedded systems' output devices are also rather constrained.
Some embedded systems will use a few Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to show the
state of the system's components' health or to visually communicate alerts. A tiny
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) may also be used to display some crucial
parameters.

Fig.1. Block diagram of Arduino UNO

3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements

Vibration Sensor:
The capabilities of embedded systems' output devices are also rather constrained. Some
embedded systems will use a few Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to show the state of the
system's components' health or to visually communicate alerts. A tiny Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) may also be used to display some crucial parameters.
LCD:
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), an electronic display module, is shown in Figure. A
16x2 LCD display is a widely used, reasonably basic component that is utilized in
numerous different types of devices and circuits. Above seven-segment and other multi-
segment LEDs, these modules are advised.
GSM:
GSM modems are a specific type of modem that function over wireless networks
with subscription-based service in a way like to a mobile phone. By utilizing a
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, a GSM modem functions on a computer
similarly to a mobile phone. Such a modem can even be a dedicated mobile phone
that the computer uses for GSM network functionality. For dial-up connectivity to
other computers, PCs are linked to conventional modems. Similar functions are
carried out by a GSM modem, however instead of using a phone line, it transmits
and receives data via radio waves. A USB cable or a serial cable can be used to
connect this type of modem to an external device. It is frequently a small gadget
that simply slips into a USB port or card slot on a desktop or laptop. The world

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uses this mobile technology for communication on a large scale. GSM, an open,
digital cellular technology, uses the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, and 1900MHz
frequency bands to deliver mobile voice and data services.
Features :
International roaming with improved spectrum efficiency ISDN (Integration
Services Digital Network) compatibility support for new services. Administration
of the SIM phonebook through a set calling number Timer in real-time with alarm
control.
GPS:
The Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite-based navigation system, can be
used to find positions on the earth. The US Department of Defense designed and
maintains it; it consists of satellites, control and monitoring stations, and receivers.
Using information gathered from the satellites, triangulation is a technique used by
GPS receivers to pinpoint a user's exact location. There are numerous scenarios in
which GPS can be used.
Power Supply:
The H-bridge idea underlies how it works. Voltage can go in either direction thanks
to an H-bridge circuit. Because a DC motor requires that the voltage change its
direction in order to revolve either clockwise or anticlockwise, H-bridge IC are
ideal for driving DC motors.
ESP32 CAM:
The ESP32-CAM is a tiny camera module with an ESP32-S microcontroller that
costs about $10. In addition to the OV2640 camera, it contains a microSD card port
and other GPIOs for attaching external devices.

Fig.2. ESP 32 CAM

4 Visualisation and Analysis

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Fig.4. GSM Module Fig.5. GSM Module

Fig 6. LCD

Fig.7. Accident Detection Fig. 8. Vibration Sensor

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Fig. 9.GPS

Fig.10. SMS alert

5 RESULT
We have successfully developed an IoT device that possesses the capabilities of
detecting , monitoring, and communicating accident detection . The integration of
the webcam with this model will help people with real situation of the victim the
monitoring system will help to detect any collision happened in the vehicle and by
using alert system it is going to access all the contacts and share information about
the accident to nearby police stations and rescue system’s and even for victim
relatives in this way our device helps to detect accidents happened in a vehicle and
save user from accident
6 CONCLUSION
We have success fully developed an IoT accident detection device for detecting
accident happened in the respective vehicle The suggested system is designed to
offer information on how and where an accident happens. It is beneficial to be
able to quickly offer assistance and support to the accident victim. The GPS
module in this system is used to find the car. GSM is used to disseminate accident
information. The proposed systems' outcomes are satisfactory. This suggested
model does not require several crash sensors, saving both money and the hassle of

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interface design. When an accident occurs, the crash sensor needs to activate.
Overall, accident detection and rescue systems have the capacity to substantially
reduce the impact of accidents, enhance public safety, and save lives. Continued
advancements in technology and collaborative efforts will shape the future of
these systems, making our roads and public spaces safer for everyone.

7 Future Scope
In the future, we will be able to interact with many sensors, including those that
detect alcohol, fatigue, and heart rate. We can actually avoid accidents in this
regard and save lives. Another way to do this is to link to a controller module that
takes pictures of the accident scene to facilitate tracking. Additionally, we can use
machine learning techniques to recognize the victim's facial expressions.

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