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10
SCIENCE
Quarter IV – Week 5
Principles of Conservation
of Mass to Chemical

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 10
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV- Week 5: Principles of Conservation of Mass to Chemical Reactions
First Edition, 2020

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MELC: Apply the Principles of Conservation of Mass to Chemical Reactions. (S10MT-IVe-g-
23)
Objectives: 1. Define chemical reactions and conservation of mass.
2. Show how mass in physical and chemical system is conserved.
3. Explain the usefulness of principles of the law of conservation of mass to
chemical reaction.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking Take a look at the photo below and imagine that you are in a
of Difficulties campfire witnessing a 50-kilogram wood burning to the ground. Now,
Mass is a take a look at the products below. After the wood burned, only about
measure of the 20 kilograms of ashes were left.
amount of As you looked at the photo, does it
matter an object make you wonder where the other
has. It will
masses of wood went? Do you think there
always be a fixed
are new matters formed after the
quantity and not burning?
the same thing Figure 1. shows the
as weight and To find answers to some of the burning of wood and the
usually concepts on this topic, let us explore the leftover ash and coal.
measured in
pages of this CLAS as we are about to apply the principles of
grams (g) or
kilograms (kg). conservation of mass to chemical reactions. But, before we go
further on this topic, let us first know the term, chemical reaction.
A substance
refers to a A chemical reaction is defined as “a process in which one or
chemical more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different
element, or substances, the products”. A chemical reaction rearranges the
combination of constituent atoms of the reactants to create different substances as
one or more products.
elements also (Source: “ The Law of Conservation of Mass,” Lumen Chemistry,
known as accessed March 28, 2021, https://tinyurl.com/dm8t7re7)
compound.
There are some important points to remember in dealing with
An isolated the principles of the Law of Conservation of Mass. The concept
system refers to behind the said law will help you understand where the other masses
a close system
where atoms or
of substances go once they undergo chemical reaction. On one hand,
massive particles it is also necessary to remember that once matter undergo chemical
are not allowed reactions, its physical state also changes, however the mass in
to escape. physical system does not.

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THE PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION OF MASS IN PHYSICAL AND IN CHEMICAL
SYSTEM.
The ancient Greeks were the first to propose ideas
about the constant or conservation principle on the total
amount of matter in the universe. However, in 1789, it was a
French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier who was credited
with his discovery when he described the principles of mass
or matter conservation. He precisely documented
experiments that proved the law. It is also known today as the
law of conservation of mass as a fundamental principle of
physics.
According to this law, the “mass in an isolated
system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical
reactions or physical transformations”. It means that “despite chemical reactions or
physical transformations, mass is conserved within
an isolated system.
To further understand the above-stated
principle, let us use solid ice as an example of physical
transformation. Notice how ice melts on figure 2. The
melted ice is no longer called ice but liquid water.
Eventually, water turns into gaseous state once
exposed to heat and turns into water vapor.
It seems like there are new substances or a
new chemical element is formed. But remember that Figure 2: Shows the transformation
of solid ice to liquid and gas.
water can exist in three different states as solid,
liquid, and gas(see figure 2). And when it comes to the composition of water, still it
remains as hydrogen and oxygen atoms, with a chemical formula of H 2 O. So, even the
water changes into different phases or states, its mass remains the same. For example
the two grams of ice will produce two grams of water and once heated will produce two
grams of water vapor in an isolated or closed system.
2g H2 Oice = 2g H2 Owater = 2g H2 Owater vapor
Moreover, the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in ice which is solid will be
equal to the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in three different states. Therefore
mass is conserved when matter undergoes physical changes, such as changes of state.
Now, we will examine how mass is conserved in a substace even if it is being
burned. Let us use the chemical reaction that occurs during the burning of wood as an
example.
Take a look at the combustion reaction to see the reactants and the products
involved before and during the chemical reaction. Let us see the equation below:

4
Unlocking of Difficulties The chemical equation above gives you an idea that
the wood came from the plant. A plant is composed of a
Cellulose is a cellulose- a polymer made up by the repetition of Glucose or
complex carbohydrate, sugar residues. In that way, the formula for glucose molecule
or polysaccharide, which is C 6 H12 O6 is used for wood since the components of
consisting of 3,000 or wood are closely similar to sugar.
more glucose units. The In interpreting the equation, we can say that during
basic structural combustion, in the presence of heat, wood reacts with
component of plant oxygen. Then, it produces or yields carbon dioxide, water,
cell walls, and ash. But since there is heat, you cannot see the water in
cellulose comprises its liquid state, but in a form of water vapor that mix up with
about 33 percent of all the air.
vegetable matter (90
percent of cotton and 50 During a chemical reaction of wood, some molecules
percent of wood are are like that of sugar and the oxygen disappears and
cellulose) and is the most becomes another molecule of carbon dioxide and water. Now
abundant of all the question is, are the molecules of sugar and oxygen
naturally-occurring destroyed during chemical reaction? Yes! Meaning, the
organic compounds. molecules of sugar and oxygen are destroyed and are not
conserved during a process. However, the masses of atoms
Glucose came from the are conserved during chemical reactions; they are
Greek word glykys; rearranged and will form different molecules.
means “sweet” and has Let us go back to the scenario of 50 kilograms of wood
the molecular formula burned during a campfire to apply the principles of the law
of C6 H12 O6. It is also a of conservation of mass to chemical reaction. After the
group of carbohydrates combustion, only 20 kilograms of wood were left as ashes
known as simple sugars and coal. So again, where did the other masses go? Let us
or monosacharride. now continue to find an answer to this question.
(Source: “ The Combustion Reaction,”European
Molecules- are groups of
Chemistry, accessed March 29, 2021.
two or more atoms that https://tinyurl.com/wb64fcuw
form the smallest
identifiable unit into If you know the law of conservation of mass, then you
which a pure substance can say that the other mass of 30 kilograms were released
can be divided and still into the atmosphere as smoke.
retain Though it seems like the other mass is gone, but it is
the composition and still there. However, to prove whether the principle holds true
chemical properties of in chemical reaction, checking the elements and the number
that substance. of atoms both on the reactants and products is important.
Polymers- It is any of a Now, let us try to evaluate if the number of atoms on the
class of natural reactants side is equal to the number of atoms on the
or synthetic products side.
substances composed of Let C6 H12 O6 a glucose molecule reacts with the
very large molecules, presence of heat into molecules of oxygen in the air which
called macromolecules, has a formula of 2O6. The reaction yields six molecules of
that are multiples of carbon dioxide having a formula of 6CO2 and six molecules
simpler chemical units of water, 6 H2 O. The reactants and the products can be
called monomers. written as follow.
Polymers make up many
of the materials in living
organisms, C= 6 atoms C= 6 atoms
i.e, proteins, cellulose, H=12 atoms H= 6 (2)=12 atoms
and nucleic acids. O= 6+2 (6)= 18 atoms O= 6 (2)=12 + 6 =18 atoms

5
 Now, it can be seen that in a chemical reaction, “the mass of the products will
always be equal to the mass of the reactants.” It is indeed true that “the law of
conservation of mass” is useful for a number of calculations and can be used to solve for
unknown masses, such the amount of gas consumed or produced during a reaction.”

6
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space provided
before each number.

1. What is the process by which one or more substances are transformed into one
or more products?
A. chemical reaction B. combustion C. conservation D. transmutation

2. Which of the following is TRUE during chemical reaction?

A. The atoms cannot be created nor destroyed.
B. The atoms can be created and can be destroyed.
C. The molecules are destroyed and reaaranged to form new substances.
D. Both A and C

3. What do you call the process by which molecules rearrange during physical and
chemical reaction?
A. combustion B. melting C. transformation D. transmutation

4. Which of the following is TRUE during chemical reaction?

A. The molecules are destroyed but the atoms are conserved.
B. Both molecules and atoms are conserved and rearrange to form new
elements.
C. The mass of the substance are conserved because atoms themselves cannot
be created nor destroyed.
D. both A and C

5. Which of the following situation shows that the mass during physical and
chemical transformation is conserved? It is conserved when
A. the molecules are destroyed during transformation.
B. the mass number of the atoms on the reactant is equal to the product.
C. the two grams of ice is equal to the two grams of liquid water and vapor.
D. Both B and C

6. What is being conserved during physical transformation of matter?

A. mass B. molecules C. products D. yields

7. Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the principles of

conservation of mass in physical and in chemical system?
A. The mass and atoms are conserved.
B. The melting of ice is an example of chemical transformation.
C. The combustion reaction is an example of physical transformation.
D. Both melting of ice and burning of wood are examples of physical change.

8
8. What should you do to prove the principles of conservation of mass during
chemical reaction? Check the
A. substances involved in the reaction.
B. number of molecules before and after the reaction.
C. name of the reactants and the products involved in the reaction.
D. elements and its number of atoms or mass before and after the reaction.

9. Where did the other mass of some molecules like that of sugar and oxygen go
after combustion? It disappeared and become another molecule of ?
A. carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. water D. both A and C

10. Why are the principles of the law of conservation of mass related to chemical
reaction? They are related because the principles hold true that
I. the mass of one element at the beginning of a reaction will be equal to the
mass of another element at the end of the reaction.
II. if we account for all reactants and products in a chemical reaction, the
total mass will be the same at any point in time in any closed system.
III. the molecules preserve and do not rearrange themeselves during chemical
reaction.
A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I,II and III