Which of the following is a correct statement?

● A developer makes a mistake which causes a defect that may be seen as a failure
during dynamic testing
● A developer makes an error which results in a failure that may be seen as a fault
when the software is executed
● A developer has introduced a failure which results in a defect that may be seen as
a mistake during dynamic testing
● A developer makes a mistake which causes a bug that may be seen as a defect
when the software is executed

Which of the following is an example of debugging?

● A tester finds a defect and reports it

● A tester retests a fix from the developer and finds a regression
● A developer finds and fixes a defect
● A developer performs unit testing

Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?

● It is a form of stress testing

● It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software
● It is commonly done with test automation
● It is normally the responsibility of the developer during unit testing

A new retail product was released to production by your company. Shortly after the release it
was apparent that there were numerous problems with the point of sale application. This
resulted in a number of customer complaints and negative postings on social media
encouraging people to take their business to your competitor. You have investigated the
problems and have discovered that the production point of sale equipment is a later model than
the model used in testing. The software functions correctly on the old version but fails on the
later model.

Given this scenario, what is the root cause and what is the effect?

● The root cause is the old equipment and the effect is the new equipment
● The root cause is the customer complaints and the effect is the social media
posting
● The root cause is conducting the testing on the wrong version of the equipment
and the effect is the customer complaints and postings
● The root cause is the software failing on the later model and the effect is the
customer complaints
If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements what
do you need to track?

● Traceability between the test cases and the requirements

● Coverage of the risk items by test case
● Traceability between the requirements and the risk items
● Coverage of the requirements by the test cases that have been design

Which of the following statements BEST describes one of the seven key principles of software
testing?

● By using automated testing it is possible to test everything.

● With sufficient effort and tool support, exhaustive testing is feasible for all
software.
● It is normally impossible to test all input/output combinations for a software
system.
● The purpose of testing is to demonstrate the absence of defects.

Which of the following statements is the MOST valid goal for a test team?

● To determine whether enough component tests were executed within system

testing.
● To detect as many failures as possible so that defects can be identified and
corrected.
● To prove that all possible defects are identified.
● To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failures.

Which of these tasks would you expect to be performed during the Test Analysis and Design
phase of the Fundamental Test Process?

● Defining test objectives

● Reviewing the test basis
● Creating test suites from test procedures
● Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement

Below is a list of problems that can be observed during testing or in production. Which one of
these problems is a failure?

● The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box.
● One source code file included in the build has the FALSE version.
● The computation algorithm used FALSE input variables.
 ● The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm.

Which of the following attitudes, qualifications or actions would lead to problems (or conflict)
within mixed teams of testers and developers, when observed in reviews and tests?

● Testers and developers are curious and focused on finding defects.

● Testers and developers are sufficiently qualified to find failures and defects.
● Testers and developers communicate defects as criticism of people, not as
criticism of the software product.
● Testers expect that there might be defects in the software product which the
developers have not found and fixed

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. Software testing may be required to meet legal or contractual requirements.
II. Software testing is mainly needed to improve the quality of the product.
III. Rigorous testing and fixing of found defects could help reduce the risk of problems occurring
in an operational environment.
IV. Rigorous testing is sometimes used to prove that all failures have been found.

● I, II and III are true; IV is false

● I is true; II, III, and IV are false
● I and III are true; II and IV are false
● III and IV are true; I and II are false

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and
debugging?
● Testing identifies the source of defects; debugging analyzes the faults and
proposes prevention activities.
● Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects; debugging finds, analyzes,
and removes the causes of failures in the software.
● Testing removes faults; debugging identifies the causes of failures.
● Dynamic testing prevents the causes of failures; debugging removes the failures.

What is quality?

● Part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality

requirements will be fulfilled.
● The degree to which a component, system or process meets specified
requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations
● The degree to which a component or system protects information and data so that
persons or other components or systems have the degree of access appropriate
to their types and levels of authorization.
 ● The total costs incurred on quality activities and issues and often split into
prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs and external failure costs

Which of the following is a typical test objective?

● Preventing defects
● Repairing defect
● Comparing actual results to expected results
● Analyzing the cause of failure

A phone ringing in an adjacent cubicle momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the

programmer to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input
variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input
values. The improperly coded logic for the upper boundary check is:

● The root cause

● The failure
● The error
● The defect
A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before
the end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to
respond to this statement?
● Defect clustering
● Testing shows the presence of defects
● Absence of error fallacy
● Root cause analysis

Programmers often write and execute unit tests against code which they have written. During
this self-testing activity, which of the following is a tester mindset that programmers should adopt
to perform this unit testing effectively?

● Good communication skills

● Code coverage
● Evaluating code defect
● Attention to detail

Consider the following testing activities:

1.Selecting regression tests
2.Evaluating completeness of test execution
3.Identifying which user stories have open defect reports
4.Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of
product risk
Consider the following ways traceability can help testing:
A. Improve understandability of test status reports to include status of test basis items
B. Make testing auditable
C. Provide information to assess process quality
D. Analyze the impact of changes

Which of the following best matches the testing activity with how traceability can assist
that activity?
● 1D,2B,3C,4A
● 1B,2D,3A,4C
● 1D,2C,3A, 4B
● 1D,2B,3A,4C

A tester participated in a discussion about proposed database structure. The tester identified a
potential performance problem related to certain common user searches. This possible problem
was explained to the development team. Which of the following is a testing contribution to
success that BEST matches this situation?

● Enabling required test to be identified at an early stage

● Ensuring processes are carried out properly
● Reducing the risk of funda mental design defects (reducing the risk of fundamental
design defects is a testing contribution to success per section 1.2.1. Database structure
is related to design, and performance problems can be a significant product risk.)
● Reducing the risk of untestable functionality

Which of the following is an example of a task that can be carried out as part of the test
process?

● Analyzing a defect (part of debugging not testing)

● Designing the test data (Responsibility of tester)
● Assigning a version to test item (Part of configuration management not testing)
● Write a user story (Responsibility of product owner not tester)

Which of the following provides the definition of the term test case

● Subset of the value domain of a variable within a component or system in which

all values are expected to be treated the same based on the specification
● A set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results and postconditions,
developed based on test conditions
● Work products produced during the test process for use in planning, designing,
executing, evaluating and reporting on testing
 ● A source to determine an expected result to compare with the actual result of the
system under test

Which of the following is a typical objective of testing?

● To find defects and failure

● To validate the project plan works as required
● Ensuring of complete testing
● Comparing actual results with expected results

Which of the following is an example of a failure in a car cruise control system

● The developer of the system forgot to rename variables after a cut-and-paste

operation ( This is an example of a mistake made by the developer )
● Unnecessary code that sounds an alarm when reversing was included in the
system (This is an example of a defect (something wrong in the code that may cause a
failure))
● The system stops maintaining a set speed when the radio volume is increased or
decreased (This is a deviation from the expected functionality -a cruise control system
should not be affected by the radio)
● The design specification for the system wrongly states speeds (This is an example
of a defect (something wrong in a specification that may cause a failure if subsequently
implemented)

Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker?

● Because the author of the requirements was unfamiliar with the domain of fitness
training, he therefore wrongly assumed that users wanted heartbeat in beats per
hour
● The tester of the smartphone interface had not been trained in state transition
testing, so missed a major defect
● An incorrect configuration variable implemented for the GPS function could cause
location problems during daylight saving times
● Because the designer had never worked on wearable devices before, she as
designer of the user interface therefore misunderstood the effects of reflected
sunlight

As a result of risk analysis, more testing is being directed to those areas of the system under
test where initial testing found more defects than average. Which of the following testing
principles is being applied?
 ● Beware of the pesticide paradox (Beware of the pesticide paradox is concerned with
re-running the same tests and their fault-finding effectiveness decreasing)
● Testing is context dependent (This testing principle is concerned with performing
testing differently based on the context )
● Absence-of-errors is a fallacy (this testing principle is concerned with the difference
between a tested and fixed system and a validated system. No ‘errors does not mean
the system is fit for use)
● Defects cluster together (If clusters of defects are identified (areas of the system
containing more defects than average))

Question 37:
Given the following test activities and tasks:
A.Test design
B.Test implementation
C.Test execution
D.Test completion

1.Entering change requests for open defect reports

2.Identifying test data to support the test cases
3.Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data
4.Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause
Which of the following BEST matches the activities with the tasks?

● A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

● A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
● A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
● A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

Question 38:
Which of the following BEST describes how value is added by maintaining traceability between
the test basis and test artifacts?

● Maintenance testing can be fully automated based on changes to the initial

requirements (Traceability will allow existing test cases to be linked with updated and
deleted requirements (although there is no support for new requirements), but it will not
help with the automation of maintenance testing )
● It is possible to determine if a new test case has increased coverage of the
requirements (If all test cases are linked with requirements, then whenever a new test
case (with traceability) is added, it is possible to see if any previously uncovered
requirements are covered by the new test case)
 ● Test managers can identify which testers found the highest severity defect (
Traceability between the test basis and test artifacts will not provide information on which
testers found high-severity defects)
● Areas that may be impacted by side-effects of a change can be targeted by
confirmation testing
Which of the following qualities is MORE likely to be found in a testers mindset rather than in a
developers?

● A tester ?s mindset tends to grow and mature as the tester gains experience (Both
developers and testers gain from experience)
● Ability to see what might go wrong ( Developers are often more interested in
designing and building solutions than in contemplating what might be wrong with those
solutions)
● Good communication with team member (Both developers and testers should be able
to communicate well)
● Attention to detail (Both developers and testers need to pay attention to detail)

Which one of the following answers describes a test condition?

● A distinguishing characteristic of a component or system

● A testable aspect of a component or system identified as a basis for testing
● The degree to which a software product provides functions which meet stated and
implied needs when the software is used under specified conditions
● Test cases designed to execute combinations of conditions and actions resulting
from them

Which of the following statements is a valid objective for testing?

● The test should start as late as possible so that development had enough time to
create a good product
● To validate whether the test object works as expected by the users and other
stakeholder
● To prove that all possible defects are identified
● To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failure

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and
debugging?

● Testing identifies the source of defects; debugging analyzes the defects and
proposes prevention activities
● Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects; debugging eliminates the
defects, which are the source of failures
 ● Testing does not remove faults; but debugging removes defects that cause the
fault
● Dynamic testing prevents the causes of failures; debugging removes the failure

Mr. Test has been testing software applications on mobile devices for a period of 5 years. He
has a wealth of experience in testing mobile applications and achieves better results in a shorter
time than others. Over several months Mr. Test did not modify the existing automated test cases
and did not create any new test cases. This leads to fewer and fewer defects being found by
executing the tests.

What principle of testing did Mr. Test not observe?

● Testing depends on the environment

● Exhaustive testing is not possible
● Repeating of same tests will not find new defects
● Defects cluster together

In what way can testing be part of Quality Assurance?

● It ensures that requirements are detailed enough

● Testing reduces the risk of poor software quality
● It ensures that standards in the organization are followed
● It measures the quality of software in terms of number of executed test cases

Which of the following activities is part of the main activity test analysis in the test process?

● Identifying any required infrastructure and tools

● Creating test suites from test scripts
● Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement
● Evaluating the test basis for testability

Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D).
1.Test suite (A set of test scripts or test procedures to be executed in a specific test run)
2.Test case (A set of preconditions, inputs, actions (where applicable), expected results and
post conditions, developed based on test conditions)
3.Test script (A sequence of instructions for the execution of a test)
4.Test charter (Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing)

A.A set of test scripts to be executed in a specific test run

B.A set of instructions for the execution of a test
C.Contains expected results
D.Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing
 ● 1A, 2C, 3B, 4D
● 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
● 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
● 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A

Which of the following will help prevent defects from reoccurring?

● Determining the environmental conditions that caused the failure

● Improving processes based on root cause analysis
● Lessons learned from other projects
● Prioritizing reoccurring defects higher than new defects

Which characteristic must a tester possess in order to be successful when working with a
project team?

● Constructive communication skills (identifying failures during testing can be

perceived as criticism so the approach must be presented in a constructive manner)
● Authoritarian leadership style
● Extroverted personality
● Extensive organizational network

When following the fundamental test process, when should the test control activity take place?
● During the planning activities
● During the implementation and execution activities
● During the monitoring activities
● During all the activities

test cases occur during which activity in the fundamental test process?

● Test planning
● Test design
● Test implementation
● Evaluating exit criteria

Which of the following is an example of debugging?

● A tester finds a defect and reports it

● A tester retests a fix from the developer and finds a regression
● A developer finds and fixes a defect
● A developer performs unit testing
When should the testers start reviewing project documents?

● When they have been baselined and approved

● After the first revision
● As soon as a draft is available
● When the developers have started coding

How does software testing contribute to the quality of delivered software?

● By detecting and removing all the defects in the delivered code and ensuring that
all tests adhere to the quality standards set for the project
● By measuring reliability of the software and ensuring that it is always above
99.99percent
● By identifying root causes of defects from past projects and using the lessons
learned to improve processes and thus help to reduce the defect count
● By detecting all deviations from coding good practice and ensuring that these are
corrected

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between test planning and test
execution?

● Test planning sets the level of detail in test procedures for test execution
● Test planning schedules test execution but does not assign resources
● Test planning defines the overall approach to testing but does not schedule test
execution
● Test planning assigns resources for test execution but does not schedule the test
activities.

Which of the following is a valid objective of testing?

● Correcting defects
● Confirming target delivery dates
● Finding defects
● Ensuring no defects are present

Which statement correctly describes debugging?

● Testers identify defects, developers locate and correct defects, testers confirm the
correction has cleared the original defect
● Developers identify defects, testers locate defects, developers correct and confirm
the correction has cleared the original defect
 ● Testers identify and locate defects, developers correct defects and confirm the
correction has cleared the original defect
● Developers identify, locate and correct defects, testers confirm the correction has
cleared the original defect

Which of the activities of the fundamental test process does the task verify the test environment
set up is correctly related to?

● Planning and control

● Analysis and design
● Implementation
● Evaluating exit criteria and reporting

An iPhone application identifies and counts all purchases of a particular product from a
shopping website. The application as implemented incorrectly counts purchase attempts by
including both failed attempts, and also those where the purchase was terminated by the user
before completion. When the code was executed in testing it was found that the problem was
located in the purchase identification module, where the first stage in the purchasing process
was counted, rather than a successful confirmed purchase.

Which of the following statements correctly identifies what has happened?

● The application failed because of a defect in the purchase identification module
caused by a programmer mistake or an error in the specification
● An error by the programmer led to a mistake in the purchase identification module
and this caused the application to fail
● A defect in the purchase identification module caused by a mistake in the module
specification led to an error in the overall application
● A fault in the specification led to an error in the purchase identification module
which caused a failure in the application

CHAPTER 2:

During which level of testing should non-functional tests be executed?

● Unit and integration only

● System testing only
● Integration, system and acceptance only
● Unit, integration, system and acceptance only ( Non-functional tests can and should
be executed at all levels of testing)
When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be
required?

● Retirement testing
● Regression testing
● Data migration testing (Data migration to another system or data migration to an
archival system may be needed)
● Patch testing

If impact analysis indicates that the overall system could be significantly affected by system
maintenance activities, why should regression testing be executed after the changes?

● To ensure the system still functions as expected with no introduced issue

● To ensure no unauthorized changes have been applied to the system
● To assess the scope of maintenance performed on the system
● To identify any maintainability issues with the code

In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing
activities?

● For every development activity, there should be a corresponding testing activity

● For every testing activity, appropriate documentation should be produced,
versioned and stored
● For every development activity resulting in code, there should be a testing activity
to document test cases
● For every testing activity, metrics should be recorded and posted to a metrics
dashboard for all stakeholders

Use cases are a test basis for which level of testing?

● Unit
● System (Use cases are a good test basis for system testing because they include
end-to-end transaction scenarios)
● Load and performance
● Usability

Which of the following is most correct regarding the test level at which functional tests may be
executed?

● Unit and integration

● Integration and system
● System and acceptance
 ● All levels

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the V-model lifecycle?

● Testing involvement starts when the code is complete

● The test process is integrated with the development process
● The software is built in increments and each increment has activities for
requirements, design, build and test
● All activities for development and test are completed sequentially

Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?

● Functional
● Non-functional (Usability is one of the non-functional test types according to ISO
25010)
● Structural
● Change-related

What type of testing is normally conducted to verify that a product meets a particular regulatory
requirement?

● Unit testing
● Integration testing
● System testing
● Acceptance testing

You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting
the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren't in the build
or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

● Unit testing
● System testing
● Confirmation testing
● Regression testing

Which of the following statements BEST describes non-functional testing?

● Non-functional testing is the process of testing an integrated system to verify that

it meets specified requirements.
 ● Non-functional testing is the process of testing to determine system compliance
with coding standards.
● Non-functional testing is testing without reference to the internal structure of a
system.
● Non-functional testing is testing system characteristics, such as usability,
reliability, or maintainability.

When working with software development models, what is it important to do?

● If needed, adapt the models to project and product characteristics.

● Choose the waterfall model, because it is the most proven model.
● Start with the V-model, and then move to either the iterative or the incremental
model.
● Change the organization to fit the model, not vice versa.

Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing and applies to any software
development life cycle model?

● Acceptance testing is always the final test level to be applied.

● All test levels are planned and completed for each developed feature.
● Testers are first involved when the first piece of code can be executed.
● For every development activity there is a corresponding testing activity

Which of the following is an example of maintenance testing?

● To test corrected defects during development of a new system.

● To test enhancements to an existing operational system.
● To handle complaints about system quality during user acceptance testing.
● To integrate functions during the development of a new system.

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

I. Regression testing and confirmation testing are the same.
II. Regression testing shows that all defects have been resolved.
III. Regression testing is a good candidate for test automation.
IV. Regression testing is performed to uncover defects as a result of changes in the software.
V. Regression testing should not be performed during integration testing.

● IV is true; I, II, III and V are false

● III is true; I, II, IV and V are false
● III and IV are true; I, II and V are false
● I,III and IV are true; II and V are false
Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE?
● Component testing verifies the functionality of software modules, program
objects, and classes that are separately testable, whereas system testing verifies
interfaces between components and interactions between different parts of the
system.
● Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component
specifications, design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for
system testing are usually derived from requirement specifications, functional
specifications, or use cases.
● Component testing only focuses on functional characteristics, whereas system
testing focuses on functional and non-functional characteristics.
● Component testing is the responsibility of the testers, whereas system testing
typically is the responsibility of the users of the system.

You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in
interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this
test?

● A functional test during the integration test level

● A non-functional test during the integration test level
● A functional test during the component test level
● A non-functional test during the component test level

Which of the following statements is true?

● Impact analysis is useful for confirmation testing during maintenance testing

● Confirmation testing is useful for regression testing during system design
● Impact analysis is useful for regression testing during maintenance testing
● Confirmation testing is useful for impact analysis during maintenance testing

Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on:
1.Defects in separately testable modules or objects
2.Not focused on identifying defects
3.Defects in interfaces and interactions
4.Defects in the whole test object
Which of the following list correctly matches test levels from the Foundation syllabus with the
defect focus options given above?

● 1 = performance test; 2 = component test; 3 = system test; 4 = acceptance test

● 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test;3 = system test; 4 = integration test
● 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = integration test; 4 = system test
 ● 1 = integration test; 2 = system test; 3 = component test; 4 = acceptance test

A mass market operating system software product is designed to run on any PC hardware with
an x86-family processor. You are running a set of tests to look for defects related to support of
the various PCs that use such a processor and to build confidence that important PC brands will
work. What type of test are you performing?

● Performance test
● Processor test
● Functional test
● Portability test (testing supported devices is a non-functional test, specifically a
portability test.)

During an Agile development effort, a product owner discovers a previously-unknown regulatory

requirement that applies to most of the user stories within a particular epic. The user stories are
updated to provide for the necessary changes in software behavior. The programmers on the
team are modifying the code appropriately. As a tester on the team, what types of tests will you
run?

● Confirmation tests
● Regression testing
● Functional tests
● Change-related tests

Given the following statements about the relationships between software development activities
and test activities in the software development lifecycle:
1.Each development activity should have a corresponding testing activity
2.Reviewing should start as soon as final versions of documents become available
3.The design and implementation of tests should start during the corresponding development
activity
4.Testing activities should start in the early stages of the software development lifecycle

Which of the following CORRECTLY shows which are true and false

● True -1, 2; False -3, 4

● True -2, 3; False -1, 4
● True -1, 2, 4; False -3
● True -1, 4; False -2, 3

Given that the testing being performed has the following attributes:
Based on interface specifications
Focused on finding failures in communication
The test approach uses both functional and structural test types
Which of the following test levels is MOST likely being performed?

● Integration testing
● Acceptance testing
● System testing
● Component testing

Which of the following statements about test types and test levels is CORRECT?

● Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at system and acceptance

test levels, while white-box testing is restricted to component and integration
testing
● Functional testing can be performed at any test level, while white-box testing is
restricted to component testing
● It is possible to perform functional, non-functional and white-box testing at any
test level
● Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at any test level, while
white-box testing is restricted to component and integration testing

Which of the following statements BEST compares the purposes of confirmation testing and
regression testing?
● The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that all previously run tests still
work correctly, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to ensure that any
fixes made to one part of the system have not adversely affected other part
● The purpose of confirmation testing is to check that a previously found defect has
been fixed, while the purpose of regression testing is to ensure that no other parts
of the system have been adversely affected by the fix
● The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that any changes to one part of the
system have not caused another part to fail, while the purpose of confirmation
testing is to check that all previously run tests still provide the same results as
before
● The purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm that changes to the system were
made successfully, while the purpose of regression testing is to run tests that
previously failed to ensure that they now work correctly

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes a role of impact analysis in

Maintenance Testing?

● Impact analysis is used when deciding if a fix to a maintained system is

worthwhile
● Impact analysis is used to identify how data should be migrated into the
maintained system
 ● Impact analysis is used to decide which hot fixes are of most value to the use
● Impact analysis is used to determine the effectiveness of new maintenance test
case

How can white-box testing be applied during acceptance testing?

● To check if large volumes of data can be transferred between integrated system

● To check if all code statements and code decision paths have been executed
● To check if all work process flows have been covered
● To cover all web page navigation

Which one of the following is TRUE?

● The purpose of regression testing is to check if the correction has been
successfully implemented, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm
that the correction has no side effects
● The purpose of regression testing is to detect unintended side effects, while the
purpose of confirmation testing is to check if the system is still working in a new
environment
● The purpose of regression testing is to detect unintended side effects, while the
purpose of confirmation testing is to check if the original defect has been fixed
● The purpose of regression testing is to check if the new functionality is working,
while the purpose of confirmation testing is to check if the original defect has
been fixed

Which one of the following is the BEST definition of an incremental development mode

● Defining requirements, designing software and testing are done in phases where
in each phase a piece of the system is added
● A phase in the development process should begin when the previous phase is
completed
● Testing is viewed as a separate phase which takes place after development has
been completed
● Testing is added to development as an increment

Which of the following should NOT be a trigger for maintenance testing

● Decision to test the maintainability of the software

● Decision to test the system after migration to a new operating platform
● Decision to test if archived data is possible to be retrieved
● Decision to test after hot fixes

Which testing level is primarily focused on building confidence rather than finding defects?
 ● Unit testing
● Integration testing
● System testing
● Acceptance testing

If you need to add system integration testing as a test level for a particular project, what testing
level should it directly follow?

● Component
● Component integration
● System
● Acceptance

In which testing level are the developers most heavily involved?

● Compatibility
● Acceptance
● Component
● Conversion

If you are testing to ensure that the software will be easy to analyze and change, what type of
non-functional testing are you conducting?
● Portability
● Functional
● Usability
● Maintainability

Which of the following is an important characteristic of tests used for regression testing?
● They focus on testing the intricate and difficult-to-test aspects of the software
● They require significant maintenance effort for each release
● They are used for one release and are then discarded to keep the test set fresh
● They are reusable for multiple releases with little maintenance

Which of the following is a trigger for maintenance testing?

● A new software product is being developed and defects have been found in unit
testing
● A new software product is being developed and will work across multiple
platforms
● A component of an existing production software product has been removed
● A component of an existing production software product has received high usage

Which of the following is most correct regarding when functional tests may be executed?
● Unit and integration
● Integration and system
 ● System and acceptance
● All levels

Which of the following is most correct regarding when non-functional tests may be executed?
● Unit and integration
● Integration and system
● System and acceptance
● All levels

Which of the following is the correct list of the triggers for maintenance testing?
● A component in production is modified, migrated or retired
● A fix has been received for a product that is in development
● A regression has been discovered in a set of fixes just received from the
developer
● A new requirement has been received for the software that is currently under test
that may result in an architectural change

In a V-model lifecycle, what should testers be doing when the design documents are available?
● Preparing unit test code
● Preparing functional and non-functional test cases
● Reviewing the high-level requirements documents
● Preparing system acceptance tests

Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?

● Functional
● Non-functional
● Structural
● Change-related

Which of the following would typically be used as the test basis for Acceptance Testing?
a. System design
b. System configuration
c. Risk analysis reports
d. System requirements
e. Business use cases
● c, d, e
● a, b, d
● b, c, d
● a, b, e

Which of the following would be appropriate objectives for Acceptance Testing?

a) Finding defects – both in software and manuals

b) Establish confidence in the system c) Deal with incomplete / undocumented requirements

d) Ensuring that all related systems interact successfully

e) Assessing readiness for deployment and use

● a and c
● b and c
● a and b
● b and e

Which of the following statements about software development models is most accurate?
● The 4 stage V model is always the best choice of software development model for
any project
● The agile development model is usually most appropriate for short projects
● The choice of software development model depends on product and project
characteristics
● The 2 stage V model is the most appropriate development model for simple
products

Which of the following accurately defines the integration testing test level?
● Test basis includes software and system design, test objects include interfaces,
and tests concentrate on the interactions between different parts of a system
● Test basis includes component requirements, test objects include database
modules, and tests concentrate on the behaviour of the system as a whole.
● Test basis includes business processes, test objects include system configuration
and configuration data, and tests concentrate on establishing confidence in the
system
● Test basis includes use cases, test objects include user procedures and tests
concentrate on a high level model of system behaviour

At which test level(s) can functional and structural tests be used together?
● At the component test level only
● At all test levels
● At integration testing and system testing levels only
● At all levels from integration testing to acceptance testing

Which of the following statements BEST characterises maintenance testing?

● Maintenance testing is triggered by changes to delivered software and uses
impact analysis to minimise the amount of regression testing needed
● Maintenance testing is triggered by changes to software under development
before initial delivery and uses the test plan to determine how much regression
testing to do
 ● Maintenance testing is triggered by changes to the test environment and uses
testing tools to perform regression testing
● Maintenance testing is triggered by changes to the software environment and
uses structural testing to ensure the changes function correctly

Under which of the following circumstances is maintenance testing required?

● Migration of software onto a new platform
● Testing during initial development of a replacement for an existing system
● Purchase of a new software tool
● Updating of a regression suite

Which of the following test design techniques is classified as a structure-based (white box)
technique?
● Exploratory testing
● Decision table testing
● State transition testing
● Statement testing

Who are the persons involved in a Formal Review :-

i. Manager

ii. Moderator

iii. Scribe / Recorder

iv. Assistant Manager

● i,ii,iii,iv are true
● i,ii,iii are true and iv is false.
● ii,iii,iv are true and i is false.
● i,iv are true and ii, iii are false.

Which of the following is a Key Characteristics of Walk Through

● Scenario , Dry Run , Peer Group
● Pre Meeting Preparations
● Formal Follow Up Process
● Includes Metrics
A formal assessment of a work product conducted by one or more qualified independent
reviewers to detect defects.
● Inspection
● Walkthrough
● Review
● Non Conformance
Peer Reviews are also called as :
● Inspection
● Walkthrough
● Technical Review
● Formal Review

What makes an inspection different from other review types?

● It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists
● It is led by the author of the document to be inspected
● It can only be used for reviewing design and code
● It is led by the author, uses checklists, and collects data for improvement

Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?

● Error guessing
● Automated regression testing
● Providing inputs and examining the resulting output
● Code review

Which of the following is a benefit of static analysis?

● Defects can be identified that might not be caught by dynamic testing
● Early defect identification requires less documentation
● Early execution of the code provides a gauge of code quality
● Tools are not needed because reviews are used instead of executing code

What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?

● Static testing is performed by developers, dynamic testing is performed by testers
● Manual test cases are used for dynamic testing, automated tests are used for
static testing
● Static testing must be executed before dynamic testing
● Dynamic testing requires executing the software, the software is not executed
during static testing

If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?
● Ad hoc
● Walkthrough
● Inspection
● Audit

You are preparing for a review of a mobile application that will allow users to transfer money
between bank accounts from different banks. Security is a concern with this application and the
previous version of this application had numerous security vulnerabilities (some of which were
found by hackers).It is very important that this doesnt happen again.
Given this information, what type of review technique would be most appropriate?
● Ad hoc
● Role-based
● Checklist-based (This review should be conducted with checklist guidance with the
checklist including security vulnerabilities)
● Scenario

In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues?
● The facilitator
● The author
● The scribe
● The manager

Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and improving the
maintainability of the code (assuming developers fix what is found)?
● Peer reviews
● Static analysis (Static analysis with tools will give the best results for improving
maintainability and ensuring adherence to good coding practices)
● Dynamic testing
● Unit testing

If the author of the code is leading a code review for other developers and testers, what type of
review is it?
● An informal development review
● A walkthrough (When the author of the document being reviewed is leading the review,
this is a typically a walkthrough)
● An inspection
● An audit

You are participating in a role-based review session. Your assigned role is that of a senior
citizen. The product is an online banking application that is targeted for use on smart phones.
You are currently reviewing the user interface of the product with a prototype that works on
iPhones.

Which of the following is an area that you should review?

● The speed of response from the banking backend
● The attractiveness of the application
● The size and clarity of the instruction text (As a senior citizen, you should be
checking that the size of the instruction text is clearly readable and you should verify that
the instructions will make sense to a senior citizen)
● The reliability of the application when the connection is dropped

Which of the following describes the main phases of a formal review?

 ● Initiation, backtracking, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, follow-up
● Planning, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow-up
● Planning, kick off, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, follow-up
● Individual preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow-up, root cause
analysis

Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose for reviewing safety critical
components in a software project if additionally the review must be demonstrated as a formal
process based on rules and checklists?
● Informal Review
● Technical Review
● Inspection (For reviewing safety critical components in an software project a more
formal, documented review, based on rules and checklists is needed, therefore an
inspection.)
● Walkthrough

Which of the following statements about tool-supported static analysis is FALSE?

● Tool-supported static analysis can be used as a preventive measure with
appropriate processes in place.
● Tool-supported static analysis can find defects that are not easily found by
dynamic testing.
● Tool-supported static analysis can result in cost savings by finding defects early.
● Tool-supported static analysis is a good way to force failures into the software.

In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?
● Facilitator
● Programmer
● Author
● Project manager

You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product
owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go.

Which of the following statements is true about this activity?

● It is not a static test, because static testing involves execution of the test object
● It is not a static test, because static testing is always performed using a tool
● It is a static test, because any defects you find could be found cheaper during
dynamic testing
● It is a static test, because static testing does not involve execution of the test
object.

During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various
project participants, announcing a previously-unplanned technical review to occur in one week.
No adjustments are made to the participants list of assigned tasks. Based on this information
alone,

which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?

● Appropriate review type
● Adequate time to prepare
● Sufficient metrics to evaluate the author
● Well-managed review meeting

You are working as a tester on an Agile team, and have participated in over two dozen user
story refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of
each iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories
andthe product owner more adept at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the
teams velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase.

Which of the following is a benefit of static testing that MOST DIRECTLY applies to increased
velocity?
● Increasing total cost of quality
● Reducing testing cost
● Increasing development productivity
● Reducing total cost of quality

You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on
Greek mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles
between the Greeks and Trojans. Consider the following user story and its associated
acceptance criteria:
As a player ,I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object),so that I can
turn objects and other players into gold
AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be touched
anywhere by the player holding the Rod
AC2:Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold
AC3:Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within one
millisecond
AC4:The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM
AC5:The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a rate of one
meter per millisecond You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story.
This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical
defects identified by static testing in this type of work product?
● Deviation from standards
● Contradiction (lists contradiction as a typical requirements defect)
● Security vulnerability
● Coverage gaps

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY reflects the value of static testing
 ● By introducing reviews, we have found that both the quality of specifications and
the time required for development and testing have increased
● Using static testing means we have better control and cheaper defect
management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the lifecycle
● Now that we require the use of static analysis, missed requirements have
decreased and communication between testers and developers has improve
● Since we started using static analysis, we find coding defects that might have not
been found by performing only dynamic testing

Which of the following statements on the use of checklists in a formal review is CORRECT?
● As part of the review planning, the reviewers create the checklists needed for the
review
● As part of the issue communication, the reviewers fill in the checklists provided
for the review
● As part of the review meeting, the reviewers create defect reports based on the
checklists provided for the review
● As part of the review initiation, the reviewers receive the checklists needed for the
review

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review?
● Manager -Decides on the execution of review
● Review Leader -Ensures effective running of review meetings
● Scribe -Fixes defects in the work product under review
● Moderator -Monitors ongoing cost-effectiveness

The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
-There is a role of a scribe
-The purpose is to detect potential defects
-The review meeting is led by the author
-Reviewers find potential defects by individual review
-A review report is produced
Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?
● Informal Review
● Walkthrough
● Technical Review
● Inspection

You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the
requirements specification for a library system:Librarians can:
1.Register new borrowers
2.Return books from borrowers
3.Accept fines from borrowers
4.Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
5.Remove books from the system
6.Get system responses within 5 seconds

Borrowers can:
7.Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
8.View the history of books they have borrowed or reserved
9.Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
10.Get system responses within 3 seconds
11.Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
12.Reserve books (if they are on-loan)All users (librarians and borrowers):
13.Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
14.Can browse the system catalogue
15.The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
16.The user interface shall be easy-to-use

You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for
inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e. conflicts between requirements).Which of
the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements?
● 6-10, 6-15, 7-12
● 6-15, 9-11
● 6-10, 6-15, 9-11
● 6-15, 7-12
You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the
requirements specification for a library system:Librarians can:
1.Register new borrowers
2.Return books from borrowers
3.Accept fines from borrowers
4.Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
5.Remove books from the system
6.Get system responses within 5 seconds

Borrowers can:
7.Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
8.View the history of books they have borrowed or reserved
9.Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
10.Get system responses within 3 seconds
11.Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
12.Reserve books (if they are on-loan)All users (librarians and borrowers):
13.Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
14.Can browse the system catalogue
15.The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
16.The user interface shall be easy-to-use
You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for
inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e. conflicts between requirements).Which of
the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements?
● 6-10, 6-15, 7-12
● 6-15, 9-11
● 6-10, 6-15, 9-11
● 6-15, 7-12

Which of the following options are roles in a formal review

● Developer, Moderator, Review leader, Reviewer, Teste
● Author, Moderator, Manager,Reviewer, Develop
● Author, Manager, Review leader, Reviewer, Designer
● Author, Moderator, Review leader,Reviewer, Scribe

Which activities are carried out within the planning of a formal review
● Collection of metrics for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the review
● Answer any questions the participants may have
● Definition and Verification of fulfillment of entry criteria for the review
● Evaluation of the review findings against the exit criteria

Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a
formal process based on rules and checklists?
● Informal Review
● Technical Review
● Inspection
● Walkthrough

Which of the following statements about static testing are MOST true?
● Static testing is a cheap way to detect and remove defects
● Static testing makes dynamic testing less challenging
● When testing safety-critical system, static testing has less value because dynamic
testing finds the defects better
● Static testing makes it possible to find run-time problems early in the lifecycle

You will be invited to a review. The work product to be reviewed is a description of the in-house
document creation process. The aim of the description is to present the work distribution
between the different roles involved in the process in a way that can be clearly understood by
everyone.
You will be invited to a checklist-based review. The checklist will also be sent to you. It includes
the following points:
i.Is the person who performs the activity clearly identified for each activity?
ii.Arethe entry criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iii.Arethe exit criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iv.Are the supporting roles and their scope of work clearly defined for each activity?
In the following we show an excerpt of the work result to be reviewed, for which you should use
the checklist above:
After checking the customer documentation for completeness and correctness, the software
architect creates the system specification. Once the software architect has completed the
system specification, he invites testers and verifiers to the review. A checklist describes the
scope of the review. Each invited reviewer creates review comments -if necessary -and
concludes the review with an official review done-comment. Which of the following statements
about your review is correct?
● Point ii) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear which condition
must be fulfilled in order to invite to the review
● You notice that in addition to the tester and the verifier, the validator must also be
invited. Since this item is not part of your checklist, you do not create a
corresponding comment
● Point iii) of the checklist has been violated as it is not clear what marks the review
as completed
● Point i) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear who is providing
the checklist for the invitation to the review ( It is described that a checklist is
available, but who provides the checklist?)

What is checklist-based testing?

● A test technique in which tests are derived based on the testers knowledge of past
faults, or general knowledge of failures
● A test technique based on an analysis of the specification of a component or
system
● An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of
items to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against
which a product must be verified
● An approach to testing where the testers dynamically design and execute tests
based on their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous
tests

Which of the following is an effective method for finding defects early in the software lifecycle?
● Static analysis
● System testing
● User acceptance testing
● Implementation validation testing

If a review is being led by the author of the document, what type of review is it?
● Inspection
● Technical review
● Walkthrough
● Informal
Which of the following is a key factor in the success of a work product review?
● Limit the number of defects found
● Define the objectives
● Couple it to performance reviews
● Open invitation

In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues?
● The moderator
● The author
● The scribe
● The manager

Which of the following is a type of issue that is best found in static analysis?
● An inaccurate formula
● A memory leak
● A piece of dead code (Dead code should be detected by a static analysis tool and it
can be quite hard to find any other way)
● A problem with the code not matching the requirements

Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and improving the
maintainability of the code (assuming developers fix what is found)?
● Peer reviews
● Static analysis
● Dynamic testing
● Unit testing

Which of the following would typically be identified using static analysis by tools?
● Incorrect error handling
● A potential infinite loop
● Memory leakage
● A variable being set to the wrong value

Which of the following is a valid consideration, when deciding if static analysis tools are
appropriate?
● Static analysis tools can be applied to new code but cannot be applied to existing
code
● Static analysis tools are not recommended for enforcing coding standards in
development teams
● Static analysis tools may generate large numbers of warning messages when
applied to new code, even if the code meets coding standards
● Static analysis tools do not generate any warning messages when applied to
existing code
Which of the following BEST defines static techniques?
● Executing the software work product and analysing actual results
● Manually examining the code or software documentation without automated
analysis
● Automated analysis of the code or software documentation without manual
examination
● Manual examination and automated analysis of code or software documentation

Which of the following is a role of a formal review

● Adjudicator
● Moderator
● Governor
● Corrector

Which from the following list are typically found to enable the review process to be successful?

a) Each review has clear predefined objectives

b) The lower the number of defects, the better the review process
c) The right people for the review objectives are involved
d) There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement
e) Management are not involved in the process at all
f) Checklists should not be used, as these slow down the process
● a, b and d
● b, c and f
● a, c and d
● d, e and f

Error guessing is best used

● As the first approach to deriving test cases
● After more formal techniques have been applied
● By inexperienced testers
● After the system has gone live
● Only by end users
● A
● B
● C
● D
● 1
● 2
● 3
● 4

● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
● D
● B
● C
● A

● B
● A
● C
● D
● 5
● 8
● 6
● 4

● A
● B
● C
● D
● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
● A
● C
● B
● D

● A
● C
● B
● D
● A
● C
● B
● D

● A
● C
● B
● D
● A
● C
● B
● D
● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
● A
● B
● C
● D

● A
● B
● C
● D
Given the following decision table: Which of the following test cases and expected
results is VALID?

● 23 year old in insurance class A Premium is 90 and excess is 2,500.

● 51 year old in insurance class C Premium is 70 and excess is 500.
● 31 year old in insurance class B Premium is 90 and excess is 2,500.
● 43 year old in insurance class C Premium is 70 and excess is 1,000.
What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?

A. Citibank card member, holding a Silver room

B. Non Citibank-member, holding a Platinum room
● A : Don't offer any upgrade, B : Don't offer any upgrade.
● A : Don't offer any upgrade, B : Offer upgrade to Gold.
● A : Offer upgrade to Silver, B : Offer upgrade to Silver
● A : Offer upgrade to Gold, B : Don't offer any upgrade
Match the following terms and statements.

1.Decision Table Testing

2.Decision Testing
3.State Transition Testing
4.Exploratory Testing

W. Testing carried out w boxes to achieve specific test objectives, possibly to complement
structured testing.

X. A test technique used which may be used to verify different system re depending on current
conditions or previous history.

Y. A test technique which combines combinations of inputs that might not otherwise have been
exercised during testing.

Z. A form of control flow testing based on decision outcomes.

● 1Y, 2Z, 3X, 4W.
● 1X ,2W, 3Z, 4Y
● 1Z, 2X, 3W, 4Y
● 1Z, 2Y, 3X, 4W.

Which type of test design techniques does the following statement best describe a procedure to
derive test cases based on the specification of a component?
● Black Box Techniques.
● White Box Techniques
● Glass Box Techniques.
● Experience Based Techniques.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of specification based (black-box)

techniques?
● Test cases can be easily automated.
● Test cases are independent of each other.
● Test cases are derived systematically from models of the system .
● Test cases are derived systematically from the delivered code

White Box Techniques are also called as:

● Structural Testing
● Design Based Testing
● Error Guessing Technique
● Experience Based Technique

Component Testing is also called as :-

i. Unit Testing
ii. Program Testing

iii. Module Testing

iv. System integration Testing .

● i,iii are true and ii,iv is false
● i,ii,iii,iv are false
● i,ii,iv are true and iii is false
● all of above is true

What is an equivalence partition (also known as an equivalence class)?

● A set of test cases for testing classes of objects
● An input or output range of values such that only one value in the range becomes
a test case
● An input or output range of values such that each value in the range becomes a
test case
● An input or output range of values such that every tenth value in the range
becomes a test case.

The Test Cases Derived from use cases

● Are most useful in uncovering defects in the process flows during real world use
of the system
● Are most useful in uncovering defects in the process flows during the testing use
of the system
● Are most useful in covering the defects in the process flows during real world use
of the system
● Are most useful in covering the defects at the Integration Level

Which of the following techniques is NOT a White box technique?

● Statement Testing and coverage
● Decision Testing and coverage
● Condition Coverage
● Decision Table Testing

What’s the disadvantage of Black Box Testing

● Chances of having repetition of tests that are already done by programmer.
● The test inputs needs to be from large sample space.
● It is difficult to identify all possible inputs in limited testing time. So writing test
cases is slow and difficult
● All above

Which test may not mimic real world situations

● Functional testing
● Structural Testing
 ● All of the above
● None of the above

Features of White Box Testing Technique:

i. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test
data.

ii. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the
tester knows the path of logic in a unit or a program.

iii. Checking for the performance of the application

iv. Also checks for functionality.

● i, ii are true and iii and iv are false
● iii is true and i,ii, iv are false
● ii ,iii is true and i,iv is false
● iii and iv are true and i,ii are false

Which technique if OFTEN considered as an extension of equivalence partitioning?

● Decision table testing
● State transition testing
● Use case testing
● Boundary value analysis

What is the KEY difference between black-box and white-box testing?

● Black-box is functional; white-box is structural
● Black-box is functional; white-box is non-functional
● Black-box has a wider statement coverage than white-box
● Black-box can only be performed after white-box

What principle is BEST described when test designs are written by a third party?
● Exploratory testing
● Independent testing
● Integration testing
● Interoperability testing

Which of the following is a benefit of test independence?

● It does not require familiarity with the code.
● It is cheaper than using developers to test their own code.
● It avoids author bias in defining effective tests.
● Testers are better at finding defects than developers.
Benefits of Independent Testing
● Independent testers are much more qualified than Developers
● Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased.
● Independent Testers cannot identify defects.
● Independent Testers can test better than developers

Which of the following has highest level of independence in which test cases are:
● Designed by persons who write the software under test
● Designed by a person from a different section
● Designed by a person from a different organization
● Designed by another person

Which of the following are potential drawbacks of independence in testing?

01. Independent testers may feel they are not part of the development team

02. Developers may lose a sense of personal responsibility for quality

03. Project managers will not have as much control on the project

04. Customers may end up requesting features that are technically impossible
● 01 and 02
● 01, 02 and 03
● 03 and 04
● 01, 02, 03 and 04

Which of the following is a KEY task of a tester?

● Reviewing tests developed by others
● Writing a test strategy for the project
● Deciding what should be automated
● Writing test summary reports

Which of the following is the task of a Tester?

i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.

ii. Prepare and acquire Test Data

iii. Implement Tests on all test levels, execute and log the tests.

iv. Create the Test Specifications

● i, ii, iii is true and iv is false
● ii,iii,iv is true and i is false
● i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
● iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect
Which tasks are performed by a test leader versus a tester?

S. Writing a project test strategy

T. Selecting tools to support testing

U. Preparing and acquiring data

V. Scheduling tests
● Test leader: S and V; Tester: T and U
● Test leader: S, T and V; Tester: U
● Test leader: S, U and V; Tester: T
● Test leader: S; Tester: T, U and V
Which of the following is the task of a Test Lead / Leader.

i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.

ii. Write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing

iii. Decide what should be automated , to what degree and how.

iv. Create the Test Specifications

● i, ii, iii is true and iv is false
● ii,iii,iv is true and i is false
● i is true and ii,iii,iv are false
● iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect

Which of the following are typical tester tasks?

● Decide what should be automated, to what degree, and how.
● Set up configuration management of testware; review tests developed by others.
● Prepare and acquire test data; review tests developed by others.
● Initiate the specification, preparation, implementation and execution of tests and
monitor and control the execution.

Which of the following is a MAJOR task of test planning?

● Scheduling test analysis and design tasks.
● Initiating corrective actions.
● Monitoring progress and test coverage.
● Measuring and analyzing results

Which activities form part of test planning?

i) Developing test cases.

ii) Defining the overall approach to testing.

iii) Assigning resources.

iv) Building the test environment

v) Writing test conditions.

● i, ii & iv are true, iii & v are false.
● ii & iii are true, i, iv & v are false.
● iv & v are true, i, ii & iii are false.
● i, ii & iii are true iv & v are false.

Which of the following is a MAJOR test planning task?

● Determining the exit criteria
● Measuring and analyzing results
● Implementing corrective actions
● Monitoring and documenting progress

Test planning has which of the following major tasks?

i. Determining the scope and risks, and identifying the objectives of testing.

ii. Determining the test approach (techniques, test items, coverage, identifying and

interfacing the teams involved in testing , testware)

iii. Reviewing the Test Basis (such as requirements, architecture, design, interface)

iv. Determining the exit criteria.

● i,ii,iv are true and iii is false
● i,,iv are true and ii is false
● i,ii are true and iii,iv are false
● ii,iii,iv are true and i is false

In software testing what is the main purpose of exit criteria?

● To enhance the security of the system
● To prevent the endless loops in code.
● To swerve as an alternative or “Plan-B”
● To define when to stop testing (exit criteria are defined during the test planning stage
so that tester know when to stop testing, for example, we can say during regression test
all the automated test cases shall be run, then this will become exit criteria, once all the
automated tests are run we can stop testing)

What is the purpose of exit criteria?

● To define when a test level is complete. (Each test level has defined exit criteria
against which we have to check the actual progress, once we achieve the exit criteria we
can say a particular test level is achieved/completed)
● To determine when a test has completed.
● To identify when a software system should be retired.
 ● To determine whether a test has passed.

Which of the following is a MAJOR task when evaluating the exit criteria?
● Creating test suites and cases for efficient execution
● Writing a test summary report for stakeholders
● Handing the testware to the maintenance organization
● Identifying any required infrastructure and tools

Exit Criteria may consist of:

i. Thoroughness measures, such as coverage of code, functionality or risk

ii. Estimates of Defect density or reliability measures.

iii. Residual risk such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas

iv. Verifying the Test Environment.

● iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
● i,ii,iii is correct and iv is incorrect
● ii is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect
● iii and iv are correct and i,ii are incorrect

Which of the following is a KEY test control task?

● Initiating corrective actions
● Determining the scope
● Implementing the test policy
● Scheduling test implementation

Match the following:

1. Test estimation

2. Test control

3. Test monitoring

a. Measures of tracking process

b. Effort required to perform activities

c. Reallocation of resources
● 1-b, 2-c, 3-a
● 1-b, 2-a, 3-c
 ● 1-c, 2-a, 3-b
● 1-a, 2-b, 3-c

What is the ratio of the number of failures relative to a category and a unit of measure?
● Failure rate
● Defect density
● Failure mode
● Fault tolerance

As a test leader you are collecting measures about defects. You recognize that after the
first test cycle - covering all requirements – subsystem C has a defect density that is
150% higher than the average. Subsystem A on the other hand has a defect density that
is 60% lower than the average. What conclusions for the next test cycle could you draw
from this fact?
● It is probable that subsystem C has still more hidden defects. Therefore we
need to test subsystem C in more detail.
● Because we have already found many defects in subsystem C, we should
concentrate testing resources on Subsystem A.
● Observed defect density does not allow any conclusions about the amount of
additional testing
● We should try to equalize the amount of testing over all modules to ensure that
we test all subsystems evenly.

When should configuration management be implemented?

● During test planning
● During test analysis
● During test execution
● When evaluating exit criteria
Who normally writes the test plan for a project?
● The project manager
● The product owner
● The test manager
● The tester
What is the biggest problem with a developer testing his own code?
● Developers are not good tester
● Developers are not quality focused
● Developers are not objective about their own code
● Developers do not have time to test their own code
Which of the following is a project risk?
● A defect that is causing a performance issue
● A duplicate requirement
● An issue with a data conversion procedure
● A schedule that requires work during Christmas shutdown

If your test strategy is based off the list of the ISO 25010 quality characteristics, what
type of strategy is it?
● Regulatory
● Analytical
● Methodical (When tests are derived from a systematic use of a preset list of quality
characteristics, this is a methodical strategy)
● Reactive
If the developers are releasing code for testing that is not version controlled, what
process is missing?
● Configuration management
● Debugging
● Test and defect management
● Risk analysis
You are getting ready to test another upgrade ofan ERP system. The previous upgrade
was tested by your team and has been in production for several years.For this situation,

which of the following is the most appropriate test effort estimation technique?
● Effort-base
● Expert-based
● Metric-base
● Schedule-base
Level of risk is determined by which of the following?
● Likelihood and impact
● Priority and risk rating
● Probability and practicality
● Risk identification and mitigation
You have been testing software that will be used to track credit card purchases. You
have found a defect that causes the system to crash, but only if a person has made and
voided 10 purchases in a row.

What is the proper priority and severity rating for this defect?
● Priority high, severity high
● Priority high, severity low
 ● Priority low, severity low
● Priority low, severity high

A metric that tracks the number of test cases executed is gathered during which activity
in the test process?
● Planning
● Implementation
● Execution
● Reporting
Who is normally responsible for the creation and update of a test plan for a project?
● The project manage
● The test manager
● The tester
● The product owner
Which of the following variances should be explained in the Test Summary Report?
● The variances between the weekly status reports and the test exit criteria
● The variances between the defects found and the defects fixed
● The variances between what was planned for testing and what was actually
tested
● The variances between the test cases executed and the total number of test
cases
Which of the following is a project risk?
● A module that performs incorrect calculations due to a defect in a formula
● A failed performance test
● An issue with the interface between the system under test and a peripheral
device
● A problem with the development manager which is resulting in his rejecting all
defect reports

Which of the following is a benefit of test independence?

● Testers have different biases than developers
● Testers are isolated from the development team
● Testers lack information about the test object
● Testers will accept responsibility for quality
You are working in a team of testers who are all writing test cases. You have noticed
that there is a significant inconsistency with the length and amount of detail in the
different test cases.
Where should the test case guidelines have been documented?
● The test plan
● The test approach
● The test case template
● The project plan

Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing
● All tests should be completed
● The project budget should be spent
● All defects should be fixed
● All severity 1 defects must be resolved
Which of the following BEST describes how tasks are divided between the test manager
and the tester?
● The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be
followed, while the tester chooses the tools and controls to be used.
● The test manager plans, organizes, and controls the testing activities, while the
tester specifies and executes tests.
● The test manager plans, monitors, and controls the testing activities, while the
tester designs tests and decides about the approval of the test object.
● The test manager plans and organizes the testing, and specifies the test cases,
while the tester prioritizes and executes the tests.

Which of the following can be categorized as a product risk?

● Low quality of requirements, design, code and tests.
● Political problems, and delays in especially complex areas in the product
● Error-prone areas, potential harm to the user, poor product characteristics.
● Problems in defining the right requirements, potential failure areas in the
software or system.

Which of the following are typical exit criteria from testing?

● Test coverage measures, reliability measures, test cost, schedule, status of
defect correction and residual risks
● Test coverage measures, reliability measures, degree of tester independence,
and product completeness
● Test coverage measures, reliability measures, test cost, availability of testable
code, time to market, and product completeness
● Time to market, residual defects, tester qualification, degree of tester
independence, test coverage measures and test cost
Which of the following is a possible benefit of independent testing?
● More work gets done because testers do not disturb the developers all the time.
● Independent testers tend to be unbiased and find different defects than the
developers.
● Independent testers do not need extra education and training.
● Independent testers reduce the bottleneck in the incident management process.

Which of the following is a project risk?

● Skill and staff shortages
● Poor software characteristics (e.g. usability)
● Failure-prone software delivered
● Possible reliability defect (bug)
Which of the following are two factors that can be used to determine the level of risk?
● Testing and development
● Dynamic and reactive
● Statement and decision
● Likelihood and impact

You are working as a project manager on an in-house banking software project. To

prevent rework and excessive find or fix or retest cycles, the following process has been
put in place for resolving a defect once it is found in the test lab:
1.The assigned developer finds and fixes the defect, then creates an experimental build
2.A peer developer reviews, unit tests, and confirmation tests the defect fix on his or her
desktop
3.A tester-usually the one who found the defect-confirmation tests the defect fix in the
development environment
4.Once a day, a new release with all confirmed defect fixes included, is installed in the
test environment
5.The same tester from step 3 confirmation tests the defect fix in the test environment

Nevertheless, a large number of defects which the testers confirmed as fixed in the
development environment (in step 3) are somehow failing confirmation testing in the
test environment, with the resulting rework and cycle time outcomes. You have the
highest confidence in your testers, and have ruled out mistakes or omissions in step 3.

Which of the following is the MOST likely part of the process to check next?
● The developers, who may not be adequately testing in step 2
● The testers, who may be confused about what to test in step 5
 ● Configuration management, which may not be maintaining the integrity of the
product in step 4 (configuration management maintains the integrity of the software. If a
test that passes in step 3 fails in step 5, then something is different between those two
steps. One possible difference is the test object, the option listed here. Another possible
difference is the between the development environment and the test environment)
● The developers, who may not be fixing defects properly in step 1

Which of the following tools would be most appropriate for managing defects
throughout the software lifecycle?
● Configuration management tools
● Requirements management tools
● Failure management tools
● Incident management tools

Which of the following is a true statement about test automation scripts that are
captured using a capture or replay tool?
● The scripts are easy to maintain
● The scripts are data-driven
● The scripts may be unstable
● The scripts are created by experienced automators
Which of the following is the purpose of a proof-of-concept for a new tool?
● To verify that the licensing cost is affordable
● To verify that the tool will work effectively within the current infrastructure
● To verify that the vendor will provide adequate support
● To verify that the return on investment will be sufficient
Why is it important to define usage guidelines for a new tool?
● Because this is a proven success factor in tool deployment
● Because this will ensure the licensing restrictions are enforced
● Because management needs to understand the details of the tool usage
● Because this will provide the information needed for the cost or benefit analysis

If a test tool is causing a probe effect, what does this mean?

● The outcome of the test may be influenced by the use of the tool
● The tool is used to continuously probe the software for defects
● The tool is used primarily to assist with exploratory testing
● The tester will require special training to be able to effectively use the tool

Which of the following is a consideration when deploying test execution tools?

 ● Data-driven testing cannot be used with test execution tools
● Recorded manual tests may become unstable in use
● Keyword-driven testing cannot be used with test execution tools
● Expected results for tests are not required because the tool generates expected
results

Which TWO of the following test tools would be classified as test execution tools?

a. Test data preparation tools

b. Test harness
c. Review tools
d. Test comparators
e. Configuration management tools
● a and b
● c and d
● c and e
● b and d

What is the main reason for using a pilot project to introduce a testing tool into an
organization?
● To identify the requirements for using a tool
● To make a selection between alternative tools
● To assess whether the tool will be cost- effective
● To ensure the tools fits existing processes without change

Which of the following are major objectives of a pilot project for a tool introduction?
● Roll out, adapt, train, implement
● Monitor, support, revise, implement
● Learn, evaluate, decide, assess (Learn more about the tool, evaluate the fit in the
organization, decide on standard usage andassess benefits to be achieved are all objectives
for a pilot project.)
● Evaluate, adapt, monitor, support

What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?

● It runs automated test scripts to test the test object
● It automatically records defects in the defect tracking system
● It analyzes code to determine if there are any coding standard violations
● It tracks test cases, defects and requirements traceability
Which of the following is an example of a tool that supports static testing?
● A tool that assists with tracking the results of review
● A defect tracking tool
● A test automation tool
● A tool that helps design test cases for security testing

From the list below, which are the recommended principles for introducing a test tool to
an organization?
1. Roll out the tool to the entire organization at the same time
2. Start with a pilot project
3. Adapt and improve processes to fit the use of the tool
4. Provide training and coaching for new users
5. Let each team decide their own way of using the tool
6. Monitor that costs do not exceed initial acquisition cost
7. Gather lessons learned from all teams
● 1, 3, 4, 5
● 2, 5, 6
● 2, 3, 4, 7
● 1, 6, 7

Which of the following is NOT a goal of a pilot project for tool evaluation?
● To evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices.
● To determine use, management, storage, and maintenance of the tool and
testware.
● To assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost
● To reduce the defect rate in the pilot project

A software development and test organization would like to achieve the test efficiency
improvement goals listed below.

Which would best be supported by a test management tool?

● Enable traceability between requirements, tests, and defects (bugs)
● Optimize the ability of tests to identify failures
● Resolve defects faster
● Automate a selection of test cases for execution
You have just completed a pilot project for a regression testing tool. You understand the
tool much better, and have tailored your testing process to it. You have standardized an
approach to using the tool and its associated work products.

Which of the following is a typical test automation pilot project goal that remains to be
carried out?
● Learn more details about the tool
● See how the tool would fit with existing processes and practice
● Decide on standard ways of using, managing, storing, and maintaining the tool
and the test assets
● Assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost

Which of the following tools is most useful for reporting test metrics?
● Test management tool
● Static analysis tool
● Coverage tool
● Security tool

Given the following test activities and test tools:

1.Performance measurement and dynamic analysis

2.Test execution and logging
3.Management of testing and testware
4.Test design

A.Requirements coverage tools

B.Dynamic analysis tools
C.Test data preparation tools
D.Defect management tools
Which of the following BEST matches the activities and tools?
● 1 -B, 2 -C, 3 -D, 4 -A
● 1 -B, 2 -A, 3 -C, 4 -D
● 1 -B, 2 -A, 3 -D, 4 -C
● 1 -A, 2 -B, 3 -D, 4 -C

Which of the following is MOST likely to be used as a reason for using a pilot project to
introduce a tool into an organization?
● The need to evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices and
determining what would need to change
 ● The need to evaluate the test automation skills and training, mentoring and
coaching needs of the testers who will use the tool
● The need to evaluate whether the tool provides the required functionality and
does not duplicate existing test tools
● The need to evaluate the tool vendor in terms of the training and other support
they provide

Which one of the following is MOST likely to be a benefit of test execution tools?
● It is easy to create regression test
● It is easy to maintain version control of test asset
● it is easy to design tests for security testing
● It is easy to run regression tests

Which one of the following test tools is mostly suitable for developers rather than tester
● Code coverage tools
● Configuration management tools
● Defect management tools
● Performance testing tool

A company by the name Software Testing Genius Inc. decides to use functional test
execution automation tool for testing GUI of their product. The GUI is expected to
change frequently. Software Testing Genius Inc. has put some of the manual testers
through a 3-day training program on how to use the tool. Which of the following is likely
to be true?
● Automation is likely to fail because of frequent changes and lack of experience
● Automation is likely to fail because of GUI automation is not the right way to
automate
● Automation is likely to succeed because automation is very useful for frequent
changes
● Automation is likely to succeed because the team has been trained on tool.