Compiled and prepared by: Honey Angelu

Mirafuentes
CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES
STUDY OF CRIMES AND CRIMINALS
Crime - generic term
Crime -refers to an act committed or omitted in
Legal Classification of Crimes/ Typology of
violation of public law
Crimes
 It also refers to an act committed or
1. According to law violated
omitted in violation of public law forbidding or
Felony - An act or omission punishable by law
commanding it
which is committed by means or dolo (deceit) or
Committed - performance of an act prohibited culpa (fault) and punishable under the Revised
by law Penal Code.

Omitted - failure to perform an act required - Violation of the Revised Penal Code (Act
3815)
to be done by law
Ex. murder, parricide, infanticide, treason
Why members of the society must be
interested in crime Offense - An act or omission in violation of a
special penal law.
The citizens must be interested about crime due
to the following reasons: - Violation of Special Penal Law (SPL)

1. Crime is Pervasive - crime affects almost Ex. Republic Acts, Presidential Decrees

all the people regardless of age, sex, race,  RA 10591 - unlawful possession of
firearm
nationality, religion, financial condition,
 RA 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous
education, and other personal circumstances.
Drugs Act
2. Crime is Expensive - the government and
Infraction - violation of a city or municipal
private sectors spends an enormous amount of
ordinances
money for crime (crime prevention, solution,
prison) 2. According to the manner of committing crime
3. Crime is Destructive - many lives and Dolo or Deceit - intentional felonies
properties have been destroyed by crime
Mnemonic: F – I – I
4. Crime is Reflective - crime rate or incidence is
reflective as to the effectiveness of social The act or omission is performed with deliberate
defenses employed by the Criminal Justice intent or malice
System. Freedom or voluntariness
5. Crime is Progressive - crime is progressive, it Intelligence
increases due to ballooning population and it
adapts to changes. As society changes, crime Intent
also changes Fault or Culpa - culpable felonies/ unintentional
felonies.

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Mnemonic: F – I – N 1. Compoud Crime (delito compuesto) -
one act constitutes to two or more
The act or omission of the offender is not
grave or less grave offense.
malicious and the injury caused by the offender
 One where a single act produces
is unintentional, it being the simply the incident
two or more crimes
of another act performed without malice
Ex. One bullet killing two people, throwing a
Freedom or voluntariness
hand grenade in public place and killing two or
Intelligence more people and causing injury to others

Negligence or imprudence (lack of

2. Complex crime proper (delito complejo)
Foresight or lack of skill) – one where the offender has to
3. According to the Stage in the commission commit an offense as a means for the
commission of another offense.
a. Consummated crime - when all the  Necessary offenses are committed
element necessary for its execution and for the commission of the crime
accomplishment are present
b. Frustrated crime – when the offender E.g. estafa through falsification
has performed all the acts of execution
5. According to Gravity
which will produce the felony as a
consequence but which nevertheless do Grave Felonies - are those to which the law
not produce it, by reason of causes attached the capital punishment or penalties
independent of the will of the which in any of their period are afflictive.
perpetrator.
Afflictive Penalties (RP/ RT/ PTAD / PTSD /
c. Attempted crime – when the offender
PMA):
commences the commission of crime
directly by overt acts and does not o Reclusion Perpetua – 20y & 1d – 40y
perform all the acts of execution which o Reclusion Temporal – 12y & 1d – 20y
should produce the felony by reason of o Perpetual or temporary absolute
some cause or accident other than his disqualification – 6y & 1d
own spontaneous desistance o Perpetual or temporary special
disqualification – 12y
4. According to Plurality
o Prision Mayor – 6y & 1d – 12y
Simple Crime - is a single act constituting to one
Less Grave Felonies - are those which the law
offense.
punishes with penalties which in their maximum
Complex Crime - is a single act constituting period are correctional

two or more grave or less grave felonies, or Correctional Penalties (PC/ AMA/ S/ D):
when the offense is a necessary means for
o Prision Correctional – 6m & 1d – 6y
committing the other.
o Arresto Mayor – 30d & 1d – 6m
2 kinds of complex crime: o Suspension
o Destierro – banishment in case of
infidelity (applicable in Art. 247)

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Light Felonies - are infraction of laws for the Examples: illegal possession of FA, traffic
commission of which the penalty of arresto violations, smoking, drugs
menor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos or
 Crimes punishable by SPL and
both is provided
Ordinances
Light Penalties (AME/ PCE/ F/ B):
Note: in order to distinguish the two, one must
o Arresto Menor – 1 – 30d only think if a certain law is removed, will such
o Public Censure – publicly admonished act or omission be still humane or not.
(worn/indicate duties) by a public judge
Ex. If murder is not considered a crime; it is still
- Fine
a crime because it takes life. Thus, it is mala in
- Bond
se
Insert: Reglamentary Period (Art. 125)
If smoking in public is legalized, it is no longer a
Art. 125 – delay in the delivery of detained crime and it is not wrong in nature. Thus, it is
persons to the proper judicial authority – any mala prohibita or only wrong because the law
public officer or employee who shall detain any prohibits such act
person for some legal grounds and shall fail to
CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
deliver such person to the proper judicial
authorities. 1. According to the result of the crime
 Twelve (12) hours for crimes/offenses Acquisitive Crime (material gain) - if the
punishable by Light Penalties offender acquired or gained something by
 Eighteen (18) hours for crimes/offenses committing the crime
punishable by Correctional Penalties
examples: robbery, bribery, estafa
 Thirty-six (36) hours for crimes/offenses
punishable by Afflictive or Capital Destructive/ Extinctive Crime - if the crime
Penalties resulted in destruction, damage or even death
 Twenty-four (24) hours for those who or the consequences of the act is destructive
violated RA 9165 or drug-related crime
examples: arson, murder, homicide, damage to
6. According to the nature of the act property, rape
Crimes mala in se - acts that are inherently evil 2. According to the time or period of its
or wrong by nature commission
Examples: murder, robbery, rape Seasonal Crimes - are crimes that happen only
during a particular season or period of the year
 Crimes punishable by RPC
Examples: violation of election law (omnibus
Crimes mala prohibita - acts which are
election code), tax law violations
prohibited only because there are laws
forbidding such acts. Situational Crimes - are crimes committed
when the situation is conducive to the
 Acts that are only considered as crimes
commission of the crime and there is an
because they are prohibited by law.
opportunity to commit it

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 - the offender took - offender can't differentiate right from
opportunity/advantage of the situation wrong
- without intelligence, insane, mentally
Examples: pickpocketing, theft
deranged
3. According to the length of time of
6. According to the type of offender
commission
White Collar Crime - crimes committed by
Instant Crimes - are those crimes that can be
those persons belonging to the upper socio-
committed in a very short time
economic status or in the course of his
- shortest possible time occupational activities

Example: theft - also known as economic crime, office

crime, crimes of the upper world
Episoidal crimes - are crimes committed - defined by Edwin H. Sutherland
through series of acts or episodes and in much - committed by persons with
longer time. responsibility, with influence
Example: serious illegal detention (detain a respectable image, and has legitimate
person for the period of 3 days and up) occupation

4. According to place or location Blue Collar Crime - are those crimes committed
by ordinary criminals as means of livelihood
Static Crimes - are crimes committed only in
one place - uses crime as source of livelihood
- committed by persons belonging to
Continuing Crimes - are crimes that take place lower socio-economic status
in more than one place or several places
Green Collar Crime (not included) -
Examples: abduction, kidnapping environmental crimes
Q: A had a grudge on B, they were staying in CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMINALS
Manila and A killed B instantly. What was the
crime committed according to place or location? 1. According to Etiology

A: Static Acute Criminal - is a person who committed

crime as a result of reacting to a situation or
5. According to the use of mental faculties during a moment of anger or burst of feeling.
Rational Crime- when the offender is capable of - criminals by passion
knowing what he is doing and understanding
the consequences of his actions Chronic Criminal - is one who committed a
crime with intent or deliberated (planned)
- the offender can differentiate right thinking.
from wrong
- with intelligence, sane a) Neurotic Criminal - is one who has
mental disorder. A neurotic criminal
Irrational Crimes - when the offender suffers refers to any person whose action arise
from any form of mental disorders, insanity or from intra-psychic conflict between the
abnormality. Thus, the offender doesn't know social and anti-social components of
what he is doing

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 his/her personality such as 1. Bias crime - acts directed toward a
Kleptomania. particular person or members of a
b) Normal Criminal - a person who group merely because the targets share
commits crimes because he looks up to, a discernible racial, ethnic, religious or
idolizes people who are criminals gender characteristics. Also called hate
crimes.
2. According to the type of offender
2. Cleared crimes - two ways by which
Ordinary Criminal - a criminal who engages in crimes are closed: (1) when at least one
conventional crimes which do not require person arrested, charge, and turned
specialized or technical skills (street criminals) over to the court for prosecution, (2) by
exception means, when some element
Organized Criminal - is one who possesses beyond police control precludes the
some skills and know-how which enable him to physical arrest of an offender e.g. when
commit crimes and evade detection he/she leaves the country.
- involves planning and evade detection 3. Corporative crimes - white collar crime
involving a legal violation by corporate
Professional Criminal - highly skilled criminals entity such as price fixing, restraint of
which are engaged in large scale criminal trade, or hazardous waste dumping.
activities and usually operate in groups 4. Crime of reduction = crimes that are
- with modus operandi, method of committed when the offended party
operation experiences a loss of some quality
relative to his/her present standing
3. According to criminal activities such as when they become victims of
robbery or theft, but they may also be
Professional criminal - a criminal who engage in
victimized if their dignity is stripped
criminal activity as his source of earning
from them when they are taunted by
- criminality as profession racists.
5. Crime of repression - crimes that are
Situational Criminal - a person who got
committed when members of a group
involved in criminal act because the situation
are prevented from achieving their
presented itself
fullest potential because of racism,
Habitual Criminal - any person who sexism, or some status bias.
continuously commits crime due to deficiency 6. Cyber-crime - the commission of
of intelligence and lack of self-control criminal acts using the instruments of
modern technology such as computers
- commits crime repeatedly, continuously or the internet.
Accidental Criminal - a person who accidentally 7. Economical crime - an act in violation of
violated the law due to some circumstances the criminal that is designed to bring
that drives him to commit crimes financial gain to the offender.
8. Enterprise crime - the use of illegal
Ex. Negligent driver who ran over a person tactics by a business to make profits in
Other types of crimes the market place.
9. Expressive crime - a crime that has no
purpose except to accomplish the

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 behavioral hand such as shooting 19. Thrill-seeking hate crime - hatemonger
someone. who join forces to have fun by bashing
10. Hate crime - act of violence or minorities or destroying property;
intimidation design to terrorize or inflicting pain on others gives a sadistic
frighten people considered undesirable thrill.
because of their race, religion, ethnic 20. Victimless crimes - that violate the
origin, or sexual orientation. moral order but in which there in no
11. Inchoate crime - incomplete or actual victim or target in these crimes
contemplated crimes such as criminal which include drug abuse and sex
solicitation or criminal attempts. offenses. It is society as a whole and not
12. Mission hate crimes - violent crimes an individual who is considered the
committed by disturbed individuals who victim.
see it as their duty to rid the world of 21. White – collar crimes - illegal acts that
evil. capitalize on a person’s status in the
13. Organizational crimes - crimes that market place. It may involve theft,
involves large corporations and their embezzlement, fraud, market
efforts to control the market place and manipulation restraint of trade, and
earn huge profits, through unlawful false advertising.
bidding, unfair advertising, monopolistic
Other term referring to crimes
practices, or other illegal means.
14. Organized crimes - illegal activities of I. Crime of Rape
people and organization whose
acknowledge purpose is profit to a) acquaintance rape - forcible sex in
illegitimate business enterprise. which offender and the victim are
15. Public order crimes - acts that are acquainted with one another
considered illegal because they b) aggravated rape - rape involving
threaten general well- being of society multiple offenders, weapons and victim
and challenge its accepted moral injuries.
principles. Prostitution, drug use, and c) date rape - forcible sex during the
the sale of pornography are considered courting relationship.
public order crimes. d) gang rape - forcible sex involving
16. Reactive hate crime - perpetrators multiple attacker.
believe they are taking a defensive e) marital rape - forcible sex between
stand against outsiders who they people who are legally married to each
believe threaten their community or other.
way of life. f) serial rape -multiple rapes committed
17. Retaliatory hate crime - offense by one person over time.
committed in response to a hate crime, g) statutory rape - sexual relations
real or perceived. between an underage minor females
18. Statutory crimes - crimes defined by and an adult male.
legislative bodies in response to II. Crime of killing
changing social conditions, public
opinion, and custom. a) Homicide - the killing of human being
by another.

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 b) Parricide - the act of killing one’s own
father, mother, spouse, or child.
c) Infanticide - killing of an infant less than
3 days old.
d) Sororicide - killing one’s own sister.
e) Fratricide - killing of one’s own brother. III. Crimes against Property
f) Matricide - killing of a mother by her a) Acquaintance Robbery - robbery who
own child. focus their theft on people they know.
g) Patricide - killing of a father by his own b) Arson - the intentional or negligent
child. burning of a home, structure, or vehicle
h) Uxoricide - act of one who murders his for criminal purpose such as profit,
wife. revenge, fraud or crime concealment.
i) Eldercide - the murder of a senior 1) Arson for profit - people looking to
citizen. collect insurance money, but who
j) Abortion (aborticide) - an act of afraid or unafraid to set the fire
destroying (killing) a fetus in the womb. themselves, hire professional
k) Suicide - taking one’s own life arsonist.
voluntarily and intentionally. 2) Arson fraud - a business owner
l) Regicide - the killing or murder of a king burns his or her property, or hires
m) Vaticide - the killing of a prophet. someone to do it, to escape
n) Euthanasia - mercy killing or the act or financial problem.
practice of painless putting to death a c) Burglary - breaking into and entering a
person’s suffering from incurable and home or structure for the purpose of
distressing disease. committing a felony.
o) Involuntary manslaughter - a homicide d) Carjacking - theft of a car by force or
that occurs as a result of acts that are threat of force.
negligent and without regard for the e) Churning - a white collar crime in which
harm they may cause others, such as a stockbroker makes repeated trades to
driving while under the influence of fraudulently increase his/her
liquor or drugs. (also known as commission.
negligent manslaughter). f) Commercial theft - business theft that
p) Voluntary manslaughter - a homicide is part of the criminal law; without such
committed in the heat of passion or laws the free enterprise system could
during a sudden quarrel; although not exists.
intent may be present, malice is not. g) Grand larceny - theft of money or
q) Mass murder - the killing of a large property of substantial values, punished
number of people in single incident by as a felony.
an offender who is typically does not h) Larceny - taking for one’s own use the
seek concealment or escape. property of another, by means other
r) Murder - the unlawful killing of human than force or threats on the victim or
being with malicious intent. forcibly breaking into a person’s home
s) Serial Murder - the killing of large or workplace; theft.
number of people over time by 1) Petit (petty) larceny - theft of a
offender who seek to escape detection. small amount of money or

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 property, punished as a
misdemeanor.
i) Pilferage - theft by employees through
stealth or deception.
j) Robbery - taking or attempting to take
something of value by force or threat of
force and /or by putting the victim in
I do notfear.
take credits to any of the information/notes given. All of these are based off of the compiled
notes that I’ve took- the
k) Shoplifting during discussions
taking of goodsas well as the general information from accessible sources
from
online retailed
and the store.
books that I possess.

I give full rights and credits to the rightful owner to any of these information. The listed personalities
(juridical and natural) were my sources for note-taking since I have enrolled in their
classes/discussion.

This learning material is made for self-review purposes only. I do not intend to sell, copyright, and
infringe any of the given information.

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