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Degree of Saturation and Formation of Solution

The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

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72 views

Degree of Saturation and Formation of Solution

The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

Uploaded by

adansoftina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Degree of saturation

Unsaturated, Saturated or
Supersaturated?
 How much solute can be dissolved in a
solution?
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a
solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific
temperature.

An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the solvent


has the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature.

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is


present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.
Sodium acetate crystals rapidly form when a seed crystal is
added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate.
Degree of saturation
• Saturated solution
➢Solvent holds as much
solute as is possible at
that temperature.
➢Undissolved solid
remains in flask.
➢Dissolved solute is in
dynamic equilibrium
with solid solute
particles.
Degree of saturation

• Unsaturated
Solution
➢Less than the
maximum amount of
solute for that
temperature is
dissolved in the
solvent.
➢No solid remains in
flask.
Example: Saturated and Unsaturated
Fats
Saturated fats Unsaturated fats
▪ all of the bonds between • have at least one double
the carbon atoms in a fat are bond between carbon
single bonds. atoms
▪ stable and hard to • These are REQUIRED to
decompose carry out many functions in
▪ The body can only use the body.
these for energy, and so the • Fish oils (fats) are usually
excess is stored. unsaturated.
▪These should be avoided in • Olive and canola oil are
diets. monounsaturated.
▪Butter and coconut oil are
mostly saturated fats.
Degree of saturation

• Supersaturated
➢Solvent holds more solute than is normally
possible at that temperature.
➢These solutions are unstable; crystallization can
often be stimulated by adding a “seed crystal” or
scratching the side of the flask.
• One application of
a supersaturated
solution is the
sodium acetate
“heat pack.”
3 Stages of Solution Process
• Separation of Solute
– must overcome IMF or ion-ion attractions in solute
– requires energy, ENDOTHERMIC ( + DH)
• Separation of Solvent
– must overcome IMF of solvent particles
– requires energy, ENDOTHERMIC (+ DH)
• Interaction of Solute & Solvent
– attractive bonds form between solute particles and
solvent particles
– “Solvation” or “Hydration” (where water = solvent)
– releases energy, EXOTHERMIC (- DH)

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