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Lecture3: FLAT PANEL DISPLAY

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 Lecture3: FLAT PANEL DISPLAY

-FLAT PANEL DISPLAY

The term flat panel display recently used that refers to a class of video device that have
reduced volume, weight & power requirement compared to a CRT.As flat panel display is
thinner than CRTs, we can hang them on walls or wear on our wrists. Since we can even
write on some flat panel displays they will soon be available as pocket notepads. Flat panel
is classified into two types:
1. Emissive displays: the emissive display or emitters are devices that convert electrical
energy into light. Such as Plasma panel and light emitting diodes.
2.Non emissive displays: non emissive display or non emitters use optical effects to
convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. Such as LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display).

1-PLASMA PANELS DISPLAYS

Figure 6 Basic design of a plasma-panel display device

1.It is constructed by a thousands of vacuumed glass tube filled with mixture of (Ne,
He, Xe) gases.

2.The tubes are colored by red , green and blue phosphor and positioned between the
front and end glass layer. Each tube is connected from the two ends , the front for
display and the end for addressing. The gas is ion through the electrical voltage directed
to both ends so electrical discharge is happened at the cell. That affects the gas to be ion
and converted to Plasma and UV rays are emitted.

3.Picture definition is stored in a refresh buffer and the firing voltages are applied to
refresh the pixel positions, 60 times per second.

4.Alternating current methods are used to provide faster application of firing voltages
and thus brighter displays.
-ADVANTAGES OF PLASMA DISPLAY

1.Manufactured with huge size that enabled to be used on theater, stadium and parks .
2.Low weight and small thickness which help the user to hanged it on the wall.
3.Flat screen with clear image, clear colors and high resolution.
4.Without Electromagnetics rays surrounded the screen, so audio system could be
used without rays affection.
5.Clear vision angle approximate to 160.

-DISADVANTAGES OF PLASMA DISPLAY

1. The Plasma screen couldn’t manufactured with small size for the reason that it is
impossible to eliminate the distance between pixel Bitch also the tube glass should
be thick for technical reason .
2. The Plasma screen has default age because the phosphor layer coated the tube
inside is decayed by gas particles hit.

2-ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED/LED)

1. OLED is a very new display depends on a very modern technique named Organic
Light Emitting Diode. The diode is produced from a very thin organic material
known as organic Polymers, its main element is Carbon with thickness about 500
nanometer.
2. In this display a matrix of multi-color light emitting diode is arranged to form the
pixel position in the display. And the picture definition is stored in refresh buffer.
3. Similar to scan line refreshing of CRT information is read from the refresh
buffer and converted to voltage levels that are applied to the diodes to produce the
light pattern on the display. OLED are classified into many categories the most
important are follows:
• Passive matrix OLED: : it is used to manufactured the small screen such mobile,
pad and video game screen.
• Active matrix OLED: it is used to manufactured a big screen such TV and
computer screen.
• Transparent OLED: it is transparent used to manufactured the car and airplane
wind screen.
• Foldable OLED: it is resistant to broken so the used with lab top.
• White OLED: it is used with the modern light systems due to its light weight ,
little energy consumed and a very high flash.
 Figure 7 OLED Architecture

-ADVANTAGE OF OLED

1.The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible.

2.OLEDs are brighter than LEDs.

3.OLEDs do not require backlighting while OLEDs generate light themselves.

Because OLEDs do not require backlighting, they consume much less power This is
especially important for battery-operated devices such as cell phones.

4.OLEDs are easier to produce and can be made to larger sizes. Because OLEDs are
essentially plastics, they can be made into large, thin sheets.

5.OLEDs have large fields of view, about 170 degrees. They have a much wider
viewing range.

-DISADVANTAGE OF OLED

1.Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000 to
230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up to around
14,000 hours.

2.Manufacturing - Manufacturing processes are expensive right now.

3.Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs.

3-LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

1, It is generally used in small system such as calculator and portable laptop.

2.This non emissive device produce picture by passing polarized light from the
surrounding or from an internal light source through liquid crystal material that can be
aligned to either block or transmit the light.
3. The intersection of two conductors defines a pixel position.
4. In the ON state polarized light passing through material is twisted so that it will
pass through the opposite polarizer. In the OFF state it will reflect back towards
source.
5. This type of flat panel device is referred to as a passive matrix LCD.
6. In active matrix LCD transistors are used at each (x, y) grid point.
7. Transistor cause crystal to change their state quickly and also to control degree to
which the state has been changed.
8. Transistor can also serve as a memory for the state until it is changed. So transistor
make cell ON for all time giving brighter display then it would be if it had to be
refresh periodically.

Figure 8 LCD display

-ADVANTAGES OF LCD DISPLAY

1. Low cost.
2. Low weight.
3. Small size
4.Low power consumption.
1. Flat screen with clear image, clear colors and high resolution.
2. Without Electromagnetics rays surrounded the screen.
3. Big screen that can be hanged on the wall.

-DISADVANTAGES OF LCD DISPLAY

1. The view angle is relatively narrow. 2.Repairs are expensive and may be impossible.

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