CH 224 anu Toke noes hese

sa)
Attendance qeed gad.
Midsem-40-40 Endsen-6o
No study malenial phavided Catinktree )

synmetay Elen ent

Symn ery en alion
a) poink
(b) ine
) plane
Ca) print-li) Invensit
y ) (x,-Y,-2)
Cx,y,-2) x, y, :
C6)ine «okaien onvenion; clakase)
C) Plane ReJlechon
Tden iy CEEinheit
terra
means
unily.
a) Mahem atlcal omple koness
(6) cerpleBe suceesive openakens.
Inverslon cenken Ci))
Molecules can be
t11-)
bxought in to an eqpivalent Canhi unahen by ohenging
lomdn ates veny a bn uyz), where in he oigin oeudinake ies at
apaiak wihin He molease hen he peint a which he igin is i
Said o b a cen ken in vesi èns

O=cc =o

All hen a huin wuh

akons musk have
yled shled onivesien
whkehas erchon ged when
iovesion is peaed. Since cen len is o point, only one aom maybe h e cen k
Then the Point at hich Hhe oigin lie Is Said to be ceniee
Ahen
invesion Cenuersy mchic
C
ClP Nen-centaoy e hie
Tetahedaal (AB) X

Ls
Non-tn taesynne taut.
3) Plane symmety C)
(a) Symmetoy plane must pass thnough a body and Can' be
Co mplehely oukside he body molecule
b) An he caunlesion cond. sys lem, p lane inc ude two he cxes
Cx,y) plone is perbendiadar
in he one Consh hule s pecial
plone case, and he openakion
Atom lying
de es'o move hem all

Atoms hal doho lie in he plane must 0 aun in even na

a SEr

E
, avnicad) /eaCdihadaal)
h Chorizen tal
Osden xolaion = 360 = n

L80
M C2e Cidenhhy)

C3 in N

20per atien8
Gs in Bf

s,af
20pen akions
cla 2',G:E

Ig0
go' e240
Class
One which assCs rough moe
axis will be labelled &npoume
no.
oo Hh p'nclpal
One which
pasa ne ugh ess no ales han 71
will be ab ele d as n)
 M Mg hes t o1den
36 6o

6. 20
go 240 300 3o'
On olecuwan plone
v Coincides u ih 2
a cointides wih ,"
E,C,, Sn, uo kati on,
SSymnety oper ations axis
inhpenStolat lon lechan
Cn h uhee Co1)
n on- comntahve
1 eneral symnety open ahens ane

i t is onmud'aive Cin s0me cascs)

aiors
openafi ong
is o beyed all syme fay oper
Ass Associative psopenty

O Ca Ca C4
Ca , C4 h S43
C4

Sa' S43
S axis

Sa 2
S4 E
 C
S'E C% S

Sc3 Ceo S3 '

SC, E

S s must he pasent

' Cs o,: Ss
Ss3 (s n S3
Ss Cs'o Cs Ss Cs , C

Ss Cs3 as C3

Ss Ss', Ss3, s* ess

M32 x,y.z)

C2, CE
E, C2,ay (xz), o, y2)
h Cden h e gao u) t "*
 G3',,s'E
This dash
s denent
E 2 3 E dHom psudous
men homad
class
Clas

-
"

- E, C(), a4), 4,Co,,cly), oue)otyy

h8

E, Cys',4*, 4'
3C Oh 3 o Ss s', Ss2, S5
y m ele rmen s
Poin t OD

Line C
Plans 20 Plane g syam Cad mmeing)

MMsE pass hnaug he object)

20 2
f

clss class
clas
A bs
s4 1Ymanidal h2

2
-

26
AB4 sa plunan B

ECa , C2, 2C, 2", B

Sa SA', S4, ai On 20, 2 0a
ht6
 Malhlle aHon Table
rp
E |
CL

Cople e non-edun tan Js helenen ts a o i e geo and

all possible podu cs h*h elemen
n genenal mu Hpkcalion is hot- annutahve column *ow) /s
ollowed
Ov 2
E
C2 E
Ov E
E

Ma
Ma

C
M
MT
0 hh CR
cb Wm yeo aeand jst
Renongement heuxen ath 1owtolumn in GmT
Mu elem ent Onte only on 1/ss ea ch he
N o hdo eow cDlumn be lden Hcal.

The oxde
ageup eordor rst be
a divisr
k k ic on in'.
 Rules
closwe The poduc d any elemens in e
hoo *oub .

elemen
element n he
in he gnop must be an

a n an elemen
laus de es nol hold
2 f n genenal comerdalive
AGC . element gnep) 8AC GA 0,
elemen i
The a men in whith AG: BA: C, he * oup ie caled Abelon guouhb,

2 o' All ele mans ghed

C : o' (ommde C sy nmekik
i.
C2 v Abelia n
g"P
227 denHy One elenentn he ge uus Connuke wIh a
ohers bnd le ave hem unehengad, d~no led by E Cides Hy).
EK-KEX
Z Associaiviy xule Asso ei aki ve lonw
uukipliontion Must ho ld
A Cee) a e) c
CCoo) Ce2o)o
Recipxodhy Evey e lement mus have a uclpro cal which ic
also an element the
ne up.
1R i s eciprocal S ,hen
Se Ps E

CaMT clas
Ca
2

E is not
N C3
C 2 E
2

Subgrb n a
Non-plane
Can' BeJernad

E C 3
2 '

can' be 4
8-3 2
: nen-inte
ittilanily raak alien Iho
A R ore we elmenk in he gmeb
x'AY 6 , seme element he * e p .

A called eyaes.
A conggale wi e 4 , ten &L ane ceyyg ae wh each oh

Class isacenmple le 8e e lemen hat ane covgate

ne ane hen. AY3NAe

X A

9)A

oygales
Csv 2s 3
2
2 Ca .
3

Cr a Cz'

Als sq PyRanidal Cbent) s cass ils. ( doea th

a co)

F,C,a,C2 , ,6, 6
 ca Ca
C2 0a 3
CACa

LAl

B4-A-B

64
C 2

-4 3 3

Classes E 2 C 2 2
h 3
CHT)E. SC3, 362 ,6Sa 6
C-
C-2 C3
C-M3

S4 SAC S43 s: E 2
3 C 2 ane prsen Gs
h: 24

OnE 64 3Cz
66 becs pesie edy
lo z 24
C2
6 pans 6C2
alenY 20 12edges
igle
2 3 x4I
alon 2
Six old eatienal oxis.
.CeM h as Dnly ene
object wih mone.han pdincipal axls selatio n
Tehedsvedo,has A 3-J old 4 y2 Sop

tigenal anhpesn ochaked mon has 3 +ld ave

2r3
c4',3
Ca2 2 each ohen, Hhere must be
unehe C2 Ctheuh z-ares) C2 1x.y
On: E , t , 3 Ce a),SG, G3,, 6s, SS,
36
Cente wo opp oce d.d eris '.G
.'. AK2
8 Alats 4 pa 8 oponatien
 PP o 6-/ld ax
2x3 6 op".
Se,S4, Sa,S
S43

60

S , S :, Sg:i,Set , S, e':E
SLS
4 pan 2
pe pa edge 6 rd
12 ed tolal

h- 110 T Lcosa he dxe n (20 Jold)

dodecohadren (ijac
Ctuncak el ot lohednsa)
h49 cube ocahedacon.

CsO Co hhy aymm

30/ol23

E A 8 C D

s FA

yelic 4Map
AB
BA
Cor A

E E A

B
A c8

na A B C
E 8
A

|6 A be lian ae
C

sep pecial
Xeylinect Mo lecule oo p elem enk)
2,H2, 02, N2 Daoh
Oceh
Co NO Coov
CNo centre q symn)
o-CO 0CC0 2 De h eene sya

b) Muiple highen onde avic

h : 48
h 24 h l20
1 i T
Tebaahednon oclahedren 9cosa hedeon

4 axis E avis
shep No ppen Impope axis e Falion

s,
o ny e Con kin ony
only

sh 3 Ony Sno is even)

S4,6Ss
pta cHcally Sa,Sc S Sn Cnh
ust Cenain

C
9 Cn axis s pxesent bt not due to
hen Shp @
S2n hen
 ske SleyO
slep
n Cas Ca Ceg B6
No C 1 on belbng o
Dg sou ne 's
n0a's
Cnh Cnv Dnh Dod D
den
nioni hy 0T

C Ce-G Dh
M a 2C2)

30
A
F

Xe F
P C14
C
xe
D3h
D4h
P Ci2&1 and

P 0,b
ow S

Cy,) C,y2) (,
oink u
ske Linean Multiple hiqhea o1de are
sfep 2: No Cn No Sy T, Th,Ta 0, Oh, I

Co
Slep3 Ondy SS.Se Ss
ven

Sk 4 Cn
h Danh
n ' s L' Co
na Dmd
No ' s C
D
N no oa's
Cnh Cnv Cn

Syn, an H,ske
2
B
-0 o Cploane)
C C

C
M
O'n Czh

NO,NO Co
0

o-
Dah

CMa Ta CMaC
D3h C

CMz Clz
CI

Cl Cv
CI
Linen
Cz0 A- Co
no C2 Coo --A
[h ic

A lin ean molenles can b e

claseilied
s ySymm Doa h O henutse Coo V

a7

C
4v
C
C4

B D4h
P C2
2v
Cav 2 2 2
B
non pldn@r Cav
D2h
A B4
planar D+h

20V LCz

C2
10/0223 POCl

sinilan tohcz Td cosne

chan ge one
C
Fuoo Lorn enCidenhtal
Jchange
Pe v

CI-pC
-
lh

SFs CI

F
C
C-P c
c-P Cs v Dsh
C
CI

0ch Osh
CA C

Dh CI
Civ
C 142v
Ca

Cav Mone ymn Les n.

Pea ks ln N MR
 . e chpsed Je
03
Femocen

exed
eclip sed
Osh Dd
fa
fe hose thal
eivalent atoms in a melec ule ane

Fa P -fe
May a be inlenehange d w h one anoher by a

ymn opaahen.

Find p 4ynntty these

(e) M-CNCov (b)

C)
Cav
Dsh

sP
(g) tra-FNNF
(h) cis FNNE

ey C sh (k
 (n)

6 ) alene

Ldeaiky
10
2JLov 1J L2
Pelleckta
plhae

O 0-1
 Hzplase-
-
Z
Lz
plen

o 0

Poopen e -aa labion

Lalaian hauh z-arsL2hckwie)

aego sino
-Sin@ COs0 0.
Lz
|lpu e aisz-aris dockwise
Cos sin& 6
C0g0 ias 0
sh C&a O
sln
Lz L o
anaxmalion Matix

Malsdx comdinaka

Cn>2-axls Cclckuise)
Coso
-stno
sin
Cos0 0

Sn2-avis C
Sin 0 0
Cos 0
sin COgO
"

yz
 Table.
Gve up Mud Hpli cwton

C2 oy
e ROH2 oy WaHng combl natens
Y Ioy'12 CC2 openati on IS aht_to

Omdenrultipy'og *

0ye Ca

aynn elemen s phoal isomenis

Miwnon imag sheuld not be
S n axis mus be absent.
ueninposable asyenetne CF)
t, plane synn. absenf hen
Some
opHiealy achve Diss ynmehic
moleculs laeing i bud ophcally inache
Poss ess some
syerne
remed as
Diss wnei
3, 1-tetsane thy cydoo
no a
cfatehrmene
no B rierem e e Is
8uhen inp sible On ihs. mtura
img
 a Mo lecwle gses on Sa ans
n-l: aisymee hrr'c Cn&opHealy at hve
h>l disym meic
een be
a melecue posses Sn ani's wih any n
opheally adive
C h-I aynnetie
nl: disymnekle

op Heolly a eHve Sn usF

be ahsent.
Sn aris Mult be ahs enf.
C
CA O which pro hns ane euvelent?

MaLW
M

Which chloudee e eaivalent

C ,

Cls Lth4
Cl2 Ci3 Clc
clA Clg C2
Ch,tl2,e Chs4
Assign the
point ovp 3ynney ohe /oflooing
) 8Co 6) B,M ) Cl2t Czt 2
) Chels C8) Be ) 0, k Cels,konse
he nche
LJ e4avalen openatie ns. ov

Usin SMes pee i ve kos 29makion matriea show h ad

Ca) he inveson and any 1sfleckon Cnmee

S is evalent h
 3 ( B M 0-c EN (k) C4 a) sSF
CM)C
DiHaentiate l 3ymn elemenks symm aedns
Develop he guh nulkp leution tahle Cihat T) Jor

Whad is siniluty karumaken,. bive s sjance