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Port Functions

The document discusses the functions and organization of ports. It describes port functions like berthing areas, cargo transfer, handling and processing. It also outlines essential port elements and generations of ports developed over time. Furthermore, the document explains different port administration models including landlord, tool and public service ports and provides details about the landlord port model used in the Port of Rotterdam.

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17 views

Port Functions

The document discusses the functions and organization of ports. It describes port functions like berthing areas, cargo transfer, handling and processing. It also outlines essential port elements and generations of ports developed over time. Furthermore, the document explains different port administration models including landlord, tool and public service ports and provides details about the landlord port model used in the Port of Rotterdam.

Uploaded by

shoebunbd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Port functions and organization

Maurits van Schuylenburg MSc.


Programme Manager Container Dpt Port of Rotterdam Authority
Learning objectives of this course:

At the end of this lecture, you must be able to:


• explain the functions of a port
• list the essential elements of a port
• describe the different generations of ports
• explain the administration models of ports

January 18, 2023 2


Outline
• Types of ports
• Port Functions
• Elements in a port
• Generations of ports
• Port Administration Models
Port development Port of Rotterdam

2008 - 2030 1400 - 1800

1906 - 1922

1929 - 1949

1800 - 1900

1970 - 2008
1934 - 1946
1948 - 1957
| 18 januari 2023

© Copyright - Port of Rotterdam


10
Port functions

➢ Berthing area for ships


➢ Cargo transfer point
➢ Cargo handling location
➢ Cargo processing location (industrial activities)
➢ Node in a transport chain connecting water en various
hinterland modalities

➢ Economic engine to a region or


country
Port function:Service and facilities for ships
➢ Nautical:
➢ Waiting areas (anchorage)
➢ Approach channel
➢ Pilotage, Buoys, Beacons (navigation)
➢ Locks (if tidal)
➢ Towage
➢ Mooring/unmooring (Boatmen)
➢ Turning basins
➢ Berths

➢ Administrative and formalities:


➢ Police, Customs, Health, Immigration, Vessel Inspection
➢ Supplies, water bunker
➢ Medical, repairs
➢ Waste disposal
Port function:Service and facilities for cargo
➢ Cargo related:
➢ Cargo handling at terminal (loading/unloading)
➢ Transport to/from storage area
➢ Storage, warehousing and distribution (e.g. Distripark)
➢ Marking, weighing, surveying
➢ Surveillance, protection, sanitary measures
➢ Temperature controlled storage (reefer cargo)
➢ Dangerous goods storage
➢ Customs, Health authority (veterinary cargo), documents checks
Port function: Industry and Added Value
services
➢ Industry
➢ Refinery
➢ Chemical plants
➢ Bio/agri industry
➢ Fertilizer etc.

➢ Added Value services


➢ Repackaging
➢ Labeling
➢ Assembling
➢ Sorting
➢ Cleaning
➢ Setting up logistic network
100 200 300 400 500
Inland Waterway Transport

Inland Waterway Transport is growing:


➢ Congestion on the road
➢ More efficient => Lower cost and less CO2

But:
➢ Limited to navigable rivers or channels
➢ Climate change leads to more low and high water levels in
rivers
Rail
Weekly
More thanfrequency
250
from Rotterdam
connections every week
Rail freight transportation
➢ Environmentally
friendly (electrified)
➢ Safe
➢ Vast network Europe
Economies of scale

42 | 18 januari 2023
IMPACT OF
LARGER CALL SIZES

IMAGINE
WHAT THI S MEANS FOR LOGI STI CS SEASIDE GROWTH:
• 21,000 TEU v essel (load/discharge in Europe: 40,000
TEU)
• Call size Rotterdam: 10,000 TEU → 6.000 MOVES
• Modal split: rail = 8% / barge = 28% / road = 34% /
feeder = 30 %
HINTERLAND TRAFFIC:
RAIL BARGE
800 TEU equals 2,800 TEU equals 28
10 trains barges calls

ROAD FEEDER
3,400 TEU equals 2,000 3,000 TEU equals
trucks 5 feeders calls
Lateral wind catching area: around 400 * 42,50 m = 17.000 m2 = 1,7 Hectare
Comparison: area of three football fields = 3 * 100 * 50 = 15.000 m2

Windforce 5 Beaufort: 105 ton lateral force = 3 tugs


Windforce 6 Beaufort: 170 ton lateral force = 4 tugs (= operational limit)
Windforce 10 Beaufort: 650 ton dwarskracht
What to expect in the future?

• “24 x 24” ships are delivered (Ever Ace) L x B x T = 400 x 61,30 x 16 m ~ 24,000 TEU
• CMA CGM: 9 vessels “24x24” powered by LNG (picture above)

Where will it end?


Port management models

Distinction between types principally in:

➢ Ownership of the infrastructure


➢ Ownership of the superstructure
(in particular the ship-shore handling equipment)
➢ Employment of stevedoring labour
Port management models
Type Infrastructure Superstructure Stevedoring / Other functions
labour

Landlord port Public Private Private Mainly Private


(Rotterdam)

Tool port Public Public Public/Private Public/Private

Public Public Public Public Mainly public


service port

Private Private Private Private Mainly private


service port

N.B. The Tool port management model is hardly used anymore. France recently changed the
management structure of the major ports into the landlord port management model
Landlord port model

➢ The Public Port Management


• Owns, develops and maintains the infrastructure which is
concessioned to private companies
• Is responsible for Regulation at Port Bylaws level
• Is responsible for nautical safety and environmental issues
➢ Other functions may be either private (majority) or public
➢ Private (stevedoring) companies own, operate and maintain
their own equipment and employ their own labor
Port of Rotterdam Authority

49 | 18 januari 2023

© Copyright - Port of Rotterdam


Land
lease
Conclusions:

We can:
➢ Explain the functions of a port
➢ List the essential elements of a port
➢ Describe the different generation of ports
➢ Describe different hinterland modalities
➢ Explain the different management models of ports

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