Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the

Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks in this module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Objectives:
By the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. identify the different elements of poetry;

2. recall the different figures of speech; and
3. write your own poem.
 Let’s Try

A. Pre-test
Identify what is being defined. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. It is a form of literature that is designed to be recited or read aloud.
A. poetry B. drama C. fiction D. nonfiction
2. Element of poetry that can be revealed through the words, images, and
symbols.
A. sound B. sense C. structure D. rhythm
3. This is the sub-element of poetry that refers to the denotative and
connotative meanings.
A. imagery C. diction
B. sense impression D. figures of speech
4. It is generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word.
A. metaphor B. connotation C. denotation D. symbolism
5. These refer to the words used that appeal to the sense of sight, smell,
hearing, taste, and touch.
A. imagery C. diction
B. sense impression D. figures of speech
6. It is a sub-element of poetry that is defined as the ordered alternation of
strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence.
A. rhythm C. meter
B. rhyme scheme D. word order
7. This is an element of poetry that refers to the arrangement of words and
lines to fit together and the organization of parts to form the whole.
A. sound B. sense C. structure D. rhythm
8. Element of poetry that is defined as the result of creative combination of
words.
A. sound B. sense C. structure D. rhythm
9. This refers to the duration, stress, or number of syllables per line.
A. diction B. rhythm C. meter D. sense
10. This is a sub-element of poetry that refers to the creative use of words or
expressions that a poet uses to enhance the poem.
A. diction C. rhyme scheme
B. word order D. figure of speech
11. Figure of speech that gives human traits to inanimate objects or ideas.
A. personification B. synecdoche C. apostrophe D. metaphor
12. This is a figure of speech that uses the words “as” or “like” to compare two
things.
A. metaphor B. simile C. hyperbole D. Paradox

13. It is the figure of speech that indicates exaggeration.

A. metaphor B. simile C. hyperbole D. paradox
14. This is one of the sound devices in which it uses words to imitate the sound
of the idea it denotes.
A. alliteration B. assonance C. rhyme D. Onomatopoeia

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 15. One of the sound devices in which there is a repetition of sounds at the end
of words.

A. alliteration B. assonance C. rhyme D. onomatopoeia

(Here is the link for those who prefer to answer this pretest online:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1q2BHn9JG79rwiB0q8SXyLhjhlkBa6Ep7erw3zKg
5iXk/edit?usp=sharing)

B. Pre-activity
Identify what is being defined. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a form of literature that is usually written in lines or verses that make

up stanzas.
2. It is a kind of poetry that is derived from lyre, and was primarily intended to
be sung.
3. This is an element of poetry that is revealed through the author’s use of
words, images, and symbols.
4. It is the result of the creative combination of words in a poem.
5. This refers to the arrangement of words and lines to fit together and the
organization of the parts to form a whole.

Lesson Identifying Elements of the Different

3 Genres (Poetry)

Let’s Elaborate

Poetry is a form of literature usually written in lines or verses that make up

stanzas. The lines and stanzas may be in various lengths. There are some poems
that have rhymes while some do not have.

Poems are designed to be recited or to be read aloud. As the poem is being

recited, the rhythm or sound patterns can be revealed and may help out in
expressing the meaning of the poem.

Poetry has three main elements in which each has sub-elements of their
own: sense, sound, and structure.

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

SENSE is revealed though the words, images, and symbols used in the poem.
A. Diction – this refers to the denotative and connotative meanings.
Denotation – the literal or primary meaning of the word.
Connotation – the idea or feeling the word invokes in addition to the literal
meaning of the word.
EXAMPLE: Denotation: Dog is a four-legged mammal.
Connotation: Dog is man’s best friend.

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 B. Images and Sense Impressions – These refer to the words used that appeal
to the five senses: sense of sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.
C. Figures of Speech – These refer to the creative use of words or expressions
that a poet uses to enhance the poem.

DIFFERENT FIGURES OF SPEECH

1. Simile – comparison of two things using the words “like” or “as”
2. Metaphor – direct comparison of two unlikely things or ideas
3. Personification – giving human traits or characteristics to an animal or
inanimate objects
4. Irony – expresses ideas contrary to a situation, sometimes to suggest
sarcasm
5. Hyperbole - exaggeration
6. Synecdoche – using a part for the whole
7. Apostrophe – direct address to something inanimate or dead, or absent
8. Oxymoron – using contradictory terms
9. Litotes – giving an assertion by means of negation or understatement
10. Allusion – refers to any scientific, historical, mythological, literary, or
biblical event or figure
11. Paradox – phrase or statement that on the surface seems
contradictory, but makes some kind of emotional sense

(For further study about figures of speech, see the link:

https://www.britannica.com/art/figure-of-speech)

SOUND is the result of creative combination of words in a poem. The author may
use any sound devices to make it creative.
A. Rhythm – This is the ordered alternation of strong and weak elements in the
flow of sound and silence.
B. Meter – refers to the duration, stress, or number of syllables per line.
C. Rhyme Scheme – formal arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or in the whole
poem.

SOUND DEVICES
1. Onomatopoeia – the use of words that imitate the sound of the idea it
denotes.
Examples: hiss, swoosh, buzz

2. Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds.

Example: The splendor falls on the castle walls.

3. Assonance – repetition of vowel sounds.

Example: Long, long afterward, in an oak

4. Consonance – identity of consonant sounds in words without the identity of

vowel sounds.
Examples: black-block, slip-slop

5. Rhyme – the repetition of sounds at the end of words.

Example: And what shoulder and what art A
Could twist the sinew of thy heart A
And, when thy heart began to beat, B
What dread hand and what dread feet? B

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 6. Anaphora – the repetition of a words at the beginning of two or more
successive clauses or verses.
Example: On the right time, on the right place, on the right reason

(For further explanation about figurative language and sound devices, see this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzwcVoycUTM)

STRUCTURE refers to the arrangement of words and lines of a poem. It is also the
organization of the parts of the poem to form a whole.
A. Word Order – the natural or unnatural arrangement of words.
B. Ellipsis – omitting of words to make effects and add on the mood of the
poem.
C. Punctuation – the use of punctuations for pauses that may help in the
better expression of the emotion being conveyed by the poem
D. Shape – visual design of the poem, the omission and use of spaces, capital
and small letters.

Let’s Dig In

Activity: Recalling the Different Figures of Speech

Identify the figurative language each statement belongs to. Choose your
answer from the box. Write your answer on the blank before each number.

Simile Personification Allusion

Metaphor Paradox Hyperbole

_______________________1. Life is a stage.

_______________________2. You need to die for you to live.
_______________________3. The wind is howling.
_______________________4. I am not Lazarus nor Prince Hamlet.
_______________________5. With so much grief, she cried a river of tears.

Let’s Apply

Read the given poem then identify its elements by filling in the table that follows.

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 Desiderata
By: Max Ehrman

GO PLACIDLY amid the noise and the haste, and remember

what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible,
without surrender, be on good terms with all persons.

Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others,

even to the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story.

Avoid loud and aggressive persons; they are vexatious to the

spirit. If you compare yourself with others, you may become
vain or bitter, for always there will be greater and lesser
persons than yourself.
Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep
interested in your own career, however humble; it is a real
possession in the changing fortunes of time.

Exercise caution in your business affairs, for the world is full

of trickery. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is;
many persons strive for high ideals, and everywhere life is
full of heroism.

Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection. Neither be

cynical about love; for in the face of all aridity and
disenchantment, it is as perennial as the grass.

Take kindly the counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering

the things of youth.

Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune.

But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings. Many
fears are born of fatigue and loneliness.

Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You

are a child of the universe no less than the trees and the
stars; you have a right to be here.

And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is

unfolding as it should. Therefore be at peace with God,
whatever you conceive Him to be. And whatever your labors
and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life, keep peace in
your soul. With all its sham, drudgery and broken dreams, it
is still a beautiful world. Be cheerful. Strive to be happy.

Identifying the Elements of the Poem:

Fill in the table below to identify the elements of the story.

TITLE:
SOUND
Total number of
lines of the poem

5
Sound devices
used in the poem
SENSE
Figurative
languages used in
the poem
Images used in the
poem
STRUCTURE
Sub-element of
structure that was
commonly used in
the poem

Let’s Evaluate

A. Post-activity
Identify the term being defined. Choose your answer from the box. Write your
answer on the blank before each number.

Denotation Rhyme Shape

Connotation Assonance Rhyme Scheme
Images Alliteration Word Order
Sound Consonance Rhythm

_______________________1. Contextual or visual design of a poem

_______________________2. The natural or unnatural arrangement of word in a poem
_______________________3. Ordered alternation of strong and weak elements in the
flow of sound and silence
_______________________4. Formal arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or in the
whole poem
_______________________5. The repetition of consonant sounds
_______________________6. The repetition of vowel sounds
_______________________7. The repetition of sounds at the end of words
_______________________8. Literal meaning of a word
_______________________9. The result of creative combination of words in a poem
_______________________10. Words that appeal to the five senses

B. Post-test
Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Poetry: Identify what is being defined.

1. It is a form of literature that is usually written in lines or verses that make
up stanzas.
B. poetry B. drama C. fiction D. nonfiction

6
 2. This is a sub-element of poetry that refers to the denotative and connotative
meanings of a word.
A. diction B. meter C. rhythm D. word order
3. This is one of the elements of poetry that refers to the creative use of words
or expression to enhance the sense impression.
A. word order C. rhyme scheme
B. figure of speech D. sense impression
4. This is one of the sub-elements of poetry that refers to the arrangement of
rhymes in a stanza or in a whole poem.
A. word order C. rhyme scheme
B. figure of speech D. sense impression
5. It refers to the natural and unnatural arrangement of words in a poem.
A. word order C. rhyme scheme
B. figure of speech D. sense impression

Figures of Speech: Identify in which figurative language each statement

belongs.
6. I think of you every minute of every day.
A. hyperbole B. simile C. metaphor D. oxymoron
7. You are the apple of my eye.
A. hyperbole B. simile C. metaphor D. oxymoron
8. You are really an honest liar.
A. synecdoche B. personification C. oxymoron D. apostrophe

9. The wind howled furiously last night.

A. synecdoche B. personification C. oxymoron D. apostrophe
10. Your eyes are like the stars in the night sky.
A. hyperbole B. metaphor C. oxymoron D. Simile

Sound Devices: Identify what sound device was used in each number.
11. She was walking when she heard a sudden splash behind her.
A. assonance B. onomatopoeia C. alliteration D. rhyme
12. Haste makes waste.
A. consonance B. alliteration C. assonance D. onomatopoeia
13. She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
A. alliteration B. rhyme C. assonance D. onomatopoeia
14. “Humpy Dumpy sat on a wall.
Humpy Dumpy had a great fall.”
A. assonance B. consonance C. alliteration D. rhyme
15. “The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free;”
A. consonance B. assonance C. onomatopoeia D. alliteration

(Here is the link for those who prefer to answer this post test online:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/154K-LZ-
6K0e_u13I3A0Iih33JCJttWmoYKDV3qSmeIo/edit?usp=sharing)

7
 Let’s Extend

Write your own poem of any genre. Use different elements of poetry to make it
creative.

References
Max Ehrman. (1927). Desiderata. Ink Monkey Press.
https://www.desiderata.com/desiderata.html

Montealegre, M.A. Teaching Literature. PNU LET Reviewer English

Rivero-Hernandez, C. (2007). Quezon City. Figures of Speech. MSA Comprehensive

English Handbook

Shurley English > Blog. (2018, November 27). Poetry: Exploring sound devices with
couplets. Shurley English > Blog.
https://quigley-shurley-gacr.squarespace.com/blog/2018/11/14/poetry-
exploring-sound-devices-with-couplets#:~:text=Sound%20devices%20are
%20special%20tools,rhyme%2C%20alliteration%2C%20and%20assonance.

The Editors of Encyclopedia of Britannica. Figure of speech. Encyclopedia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/figure-of-speech

Sarah Garcia. (2017, December 12). Figurative Language and Sound Devices.
[YouTube video]. Sarah Garcia. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=kzwcVoycUTM

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: MS. IVY CHARRY F. OPEÑA
Editor:
Content Evaluator: ANGELIQUE P. TAGUBA
Language Evaluator: ANGELIQUE P. TAGUBA

Layout Artist: MR. LEO U. PANTI

Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
MR. NOEL T. BALUBAL, EPS-English
MR. QUINN NORMAN Q. ARREZA, SHS Focal Person
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]