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Integrative Methods in Teaching Social Science

The document discusses integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to teaching social science. It defines integration as exploring knowledge across subjects related to students' environment. An integrated curriculum focuses on skills and concepts, encourages lifelong learning, and makes real-world connections between disciplines. The purpose is for students to understand issues and propose solutions.

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Jasher Jose
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700 views5 pages

Integrative Methods in Teaching Social Science

The document discusses integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to teaching social science. It defines integration as exploring knowledge across subjects related to students' environment. An integrated curriculum focuses on skills and concepts, encourages lifelong learning, and makes real-world connections between disciplines. The purpose is for students to understand issues and propose solutions.

Uploaded by

Jasher Jose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrative Methods in Teaching Social Build on and extend knowledge and

Science experience.

"An integrated study is one in which Develop sustained programs or work.


children broadly explore knowledge in
various subjects related to certain aspects Components of Integrated Curriculum
of their environment.”
Focuses on basic skills, content and
What is integration? higher level thinking

Problems, and concerns real to the Encourages lifelong learning


student and real in the community.
Structures learning around themes, big
Students and teachers work together to ideas and meaningful concepts
select the specific topic of interest and
plan how, when, where, and why they will Provides connections among various
pursue it. curricular disciplines

Active student participation and Provides learners opportunities to apply


decision-making. skills they have learned

Explore issues to understand and propose Encourages active participation in relevant


a solution, suggest a new direction, and real-life experiences
report the result.
Captivates, motivates, and challenges
Develop essential skills intrinsic to their learners
learning.
Provides a deeper understanding of
Key skills may be formulating questions, content
creating hypotheses, working out ways to
collect data, and report on what has been Offers opportunities for more small group
learned. and industrialized instruction

Subject content and knowledge come into Accommodates a variety of learning


play after, rather than before, deciding styles/theories (i.e., social learning theory,
what is to be studied and how. cooperative learning, intrinsic motivation,
and self-efficacy) and multiple
Program which are genuinely intelligences.
integrative
Characteristics of an Integrated
Based on topic of substance and Curriculum
significance.
Student directed real-world application.
Place on emphasis on seeing connection Researched based
in and purpose for learning. Usage of multiple resources
Social skills improved
Develop big ideas that excite the Collaboration
imagination. Problem-answer
Find a authentic literature on a topic
Develop desire for the learning process.

Develop skills and knowledge that are real


to student.
The purpose of Integration Principles of curriculum integration

appropriately constructed to meet the Learning build , extends and expands a


need of two or more course units/VET
units or endorsed programs find it better to student’s personal knowledge and
deal with fewer teachers—where the same experience.
teacher is delivering two.
Open-ended and provide for a range of
Units and thus sees the students twice as Learning style .
often make the connections between the
parts of the program and enjoy its variety. Process of learning valued as the product
of learning.
Steps of Integration Curriculum
Range of possible approaches to
Selecting a theme curriculum integration.
Collecting texts and other materials
Engaging students Making connections and seeing real
Grouping students purpose for their learning.
Expanding the theme
Assessing student growth Based in topics of substance and
significance.
Why Curriculum Integration important?
Linked to problems and issues that are of
Students see relationships among ideas personal and social concern to students.
and concepts as they plan and experience
a theme- based inquiry. Learning experiences develop big ideas
that excite and challenge the imagination.
Relationships between in- and
out-of-school topics become obvious to Actively involved in negotiating the content
students. and direction of their learning.

Communication processes become Knowledge, skills , values , and attitudes


authentic as students engage in are all integrated.
thematically based learning activities.

Students are encouraged to share ideas. Approaches of integrated curriculum


As they listen to one another, their Interdisciplinary
personal bases of ideas are expanded. Multidisciplinary
Transdisciplinary Integration
Respect and cooperation among peers
are expanded through interaction. Interdisciplinary

Students become more responsible for When teachers integrate the sub
and engaged in their own learning. disciplines within a subject area, they
are using an intradisciplinary approach.
The teacher assumes the role of facilitator Integrating reading, writing, and oral
rather than information dispenser. communication in language arts is a
common example
A sense of community develops as
cooperatively designed student projects A good example of this is in a school-wide
and classroom displays are created. grade 7–8 unit, four to six weeks long,
developed by teachers.
The key elements of an integrated
The focus of study was "survival in a curriculum are:
changing world." All subject areas were
involved in the unit, including a foreign 1. Alignment with state and national
language, agriculture, and life standards
management. All teachers focused on
problem solving, decision making, and Everything that is done in the classroom
communication, and selected the has a purpose and is aligned to
concepts that were most compatible with standards/objectives.
their course content. This approach lends
itself very well to planning with standards Before planning begins, teachers know
and performance assessment because what it is they want their students to
the standards for each discipline are know/understand/or be able to do by the
clearly set out. end of the lesson.

2. Reading and math are integrated into


Multidisciplinary social studies and science.

In a multidisciplinary approach, two or Examples would include finding the main


more subject areas are organized idea in reading material from science as
around the same theme or topic. In well as discussing measurement when
elementary school, this often occurs when looking at maps in social studies.
learning centers are utilized. The topic
may be pioneers, and students rotate 3. Teachers plan as a team.
through a math center, language center,
and visual art center. At each one they Teachers plan units and/or lessons
explore the topic of pioneers via an activity together in order to blend the disciplines
grounded in the curriculum subject area. and create a flow for students as they
move from subject to subject and/or room
Transdisciplinary to room.

In the transdisciplinary approach to Teachers seek ideas from those who


integration, teachers organize specifically teach certain subjects for their
curriculum around student questions own classrooms.
and concerns. Students develop life skills
as they apply interdisciplinary and 4. Formal and informal assessments
disciplinary skills in a real-life context. Two
routes lead to transdisciplinary integration: In order to be certain that learning is
project-based learning and negotiating the happening, a variety of assessments are
curriculum. necessary.
Advantages
If students are truly grasping material, they
Connections should be able to show improvement in
Variety within Learning more than one kind of assessment.
Classroom Culture
Curriculum Advancements Also, this is done because even if a
student knows the content, they may not
Disadvantages be a good at a specific kind of
assessment, like multiple choice tests.
Interest Issues
Content Issues
A Turn with Classroom Culture
Inaccessible to some students due to
cultural, academic, or ability differences
learning process. In behaviorism, the
5. Lessons guide students to see ideas of positive and negative
relationships between subjects. reinforcement are effective tools of
learning and behavior modification, as
With the integrated approach, students well as a punishment and reward system.
can make meaning of what they learn
better than they could when they are Cognitivism
taught basic facts.
learning theory developed by Jean Piaget
By blending subject areas together, in which a child develops cognitive
students are able to see that everything pathways in understanding and physical
they learn is interconnected and is response to experiences. In this theory,
important all the time. students learn most effectively through
reading text and lecture instruction.
They can use things that they learn in one
subject to solve a problem in another. Constructivism

6. Students are better prepared for Idea that people are responsible in
solving real life problems. creating their own understanding of the
world and using what they know based on
The integrated approach is geared more previous experiences
toward research done on how students
learn. •in the process of linking new information
to these experiences. People use these
Learning happens when content is experiences and new information to
meaningful and factual information is construct their own meaning.
paired with experience and
implementation.
Humanism
By demonstrating that all disciplines are
interconnected in some way, students are Focuses on the individual as the
less likely to have the attitude of "I'm never subject and asserts that learning is a
going to have to use this in real life!" natural process that helps a person reach
self- actualization. Scenarios and role
7. Differentiated instruction modeling are important factors in
humanistic learning, as are experiences,
This includes strategies such as flexible exploring and observing others.
grouping, tiered assignments,
independent study, contracts and Connectivism
compacting.
Relatively new learning theory, developed
8. Focus for instruction and based upon the idea that people
process information by forming
Standards and objectives from various connections. This theory has developed
disciplines are blended together through a with the digital and technology age,
central skill, unit, topic, or theme. adapting to advances in these arenas.
This new theory suggests that people no
Theories Supporting Curriculum longer stop learning after formal education
Integration and continue to gain knowledge from
other avenues such as job skills,
Behaviorism networking, experience and access to
information with new tools in technology.
Which behavior can be explained by
external factors and behavioral
conditioning can be used as a universal Social Reconstructionism
Social reconstructionism is a philosophy
that emphasizes the addressing of social
questions and a quest to create a better
society and worldwide democracy.
Reconstructionist educators focus on a
curriculum that highlights social reform
as the aim of education.

Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning. Carl Roger (2004),


the proponent of this theory, believe that
all individuals have a natural propensity to
learn.

John Dewey (1938), posits that school


learning should be experiential because
students learn from what they experience.

Multiple Intelligences

● Linguistic Intelligence (word smart)

● Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
(number/reasoning smart)

● Spatial Intelligence (picture smart)

● Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
(body smart)

● Musical Intelligence (music smart)

● Interpersonal Intelligence (people


smart)

● Intrapersonal Intelligence
(self-smart)

● Naturalist intelligence (nature


smart)

● Critical Evaluation

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