r* =| CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE® EXAMINATION 21 MAY 2018 (p.m) areoieschae FILL IN ALL THE INFORMATION REQUESTED CLEARLY IN CAPITAL LETTERS. TESTCODE | 0} 1]2]/5]3}o0]2]0 SUBJECT _ HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY — Paper 02 ~ PROFICIENCY __ GENERAL REGISTRATION NUMBER SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER NAME OF SCHOOL/CENTRE, CANDIDATE'S FULL NAME (FIRST, MIDDLE, LAST) DATE OF BIRTH SIGNATUREfe rest cove 01253020] FORM TP 2018076 MAY/JUNE 2018 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN 8 ECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE® EXAMINATION HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY Paper 02 — General Proficiency 2 hours READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions. 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 3. Do NOT write in the margins. 4. Ifyou need to rewrite any. answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer. 5. Ifyou use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2017 Caribbean Examin: All rights reserved. | o12s3020% 2018| SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. (@ Figure 1 shows a diagram of the human respiratory system, Figure 1. Diagram of the human respiratory system () Name the structures labelled A and B. ‘Name of Structure A .. ‘Name of Structure B marks) Gi) State the function of the structure labelled C. (mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 (QU 0 | po NOT WRIEE IN THIS AREA | DONOT WRITE INTHISAREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREADO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 25 aa] (iii) Figure 2 shows two X-ray images of the chest. The X-ray images show the ning of the organs during breathing, Xray E Figure 2. Chest X-ray images State which X-ray image shows inspiration. Give TWO reasons for your response. ( marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 {ee A A !r “ 7 (b) Figure 3 shows a graph of the volume of air children inhale during different activities. ‘Volume of air inhaled by children Walking Running Playing outdoors 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35, 1m Average litres of air inhaled per minute Figure 3. Graph of the volume of air children inhale during activities Use the graph to determine the activity that involves the MOST intake of air and the activity that involves the LEAST intake of air. Suggest ONE reason for the difference in the intake of air for the two activities. : (4 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 | (0 00 ‘DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA pe AERP eR BSR HRS Dur Ha DBE Say Pe PSEFEE 4 : : e f : 3 t 4 4 4 43 = s & s = Ss 2 > g | DO NOT WRITE IN THIS A) “Te “t (©) Figure 4 shows a graph of the breathing rate response to exercise of fit and unfit persons. Breathing rate response to exercise oL_ Resting Exercise Endof After state Exercise Exercise ‘Time Unfit = ——— Fit @ Gi) 01253020/F 2018 Figure 4. Graph showing the breathing rates of fit and unfit persons State TWO conclusions which can be made from the graph concerning the breathing rates of fit and unfit persons. @ marks) Suggest THREE factors that can contribute to an individual being unfit. G marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ANU ]. * 7 ire 5 shows the front view of the female reproductive system. Figure 5. Front view of the female reproductive system Complete the following table by inserting the name and ONE function of EACH labelled organ, A.and B. Label Name of Organ Function of Organ (marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ANC 00 0 A | 01253020/F 2018 CIN TIS AREA WOPWRIFE IN THIS AREA : sg & Thy ROME TES RE PHVES ABIalt S| (b) Figure 6 shows a diagram of part of the female reproductive system during ovulation. Uteras—} DO NOT WHITE IN THIS AREA Figure 6. Diagram of female reproductive system during ovulation Name the processes that are occurring at the areas labelled C and D. Process at C.. Process at D.... (2 marks) (©) Mary has been having miscarriages during the first month of her pregnancies. Her doctor informed her that her ovarian hormonal levels which maintain pregnancy are too low. Suggest to Mary which hormone is being referred to and explain how low levels of this hormone resulted in her miscarriages. @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE DO.NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 01253020/F 2018 | SOOT Ar ve 7 () After being treated for low hormonal levels, Mary becomes pregnant. Her doctor advises her to stop smoking immediately, as women who smoke have more miscarriages than ‘women who do not smoke. Suggest THREE effects that smoking could have on her baby. (marks) (©) Mary considers having an abortion because of the incidence of the Zika virus in the Caribbean and its associated risks. Her doctor explains that a medical abortion ean only be done in circumstances where her life is in danger. (i) Suggest TWO other reasons why an abortion may be considered. (@ marks) (i) Explain why a spontaneous abortion could be considered a positive occurrence. (mark) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 | OU | DO NAP WHTrR IN THIS ea i RaP Weiner eae SE TT Ree Dae_DONOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 7 1 3. (a)_ The digestive system consists of organs which are responsible for the breaking down of ingested food into simple substances that can be assimilated by body cells. jer the name or ONE function of the (Complete the following table by inserting digestive organs at A, B and C. Digestive i conti On Function of Digestive Organ A Mechanical digestion of food; begins the digestion of starch’ Liver Gq Absorbs water and salts only G marks) (ii) Define the term ‘absorption’ as it relates to the process of digestion. (2 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 | CHOON ON Avi “n 7 (b) Apiece of liver and a piece of bread are both crushed and mixed with water. A sample of both is added to THREE test tubes, A, B and C. (Salivary amylase is added to Test tube A and pepsin is added to Test tube B. Describe what would happen to the liver and the bread in EACH test tube, A and B. Test tube A... Test tube B (marks) If hydrogen peroxide is added to Test tube C, state the expecied observation and explain why the reaction occurs. @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 I QUOI U0 (Rehan Worn mnie oece = (©) Diabetes mellitus type I is an inheritable disease which is treatable by insulin. Genetic engincering is now being utilized to produce insulin. This involves the use of bacteria and human cells. = (i) Deseribe the process by which insulin is produced by genetic engineering. =| 2 = = Ss 5 | = = s = = = S 5 = marks) a Gi) Suggest ONE advantage of using insulin produced by genetic engineering rather i than insulin obtained from animals. | (i mark) ‘Total 15 marks O NOT IWRITE IN THISAREA GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 CAO 0 ir -14- in EACH cell, The first row has been done for you. (@) Complete the following table by marking an “X” to indicate which structures are present (6) Figure 7 shows a diagram of the cross-section of an animal cell. Structure Bacteria Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell Mitochondria x x Nucleus Cell wall ‘Mucus membrane (3 marks) Figure 7. Diagram of the cross-section of an animal cell Match the labelled structures above A,B or C, on the line next to the funetion. (Involved in protein synthesis, Gi) Generates energy for the cell iii) Encloses the contents of the cell 01253020/F 2018 ‘OO ith their functions below by placing the correct letter, “@ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE NOONDO NOT RITE IN TINS AREA DO.NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (©) Chen, Shiv and Dale purchase simi -13- fal lar lunches from a vendor. WI cating, the boys notice ‘mosquito larvae swimming in a vase of flowers on a nearby table. A friend joins.them and while greeting them sneezes into his hand before shaking Chen’s hand. ‘The boys finish lunch and Shiv washes his mouth in a nearby spring. @ « 01253020/F 2018 One week later all of the boys are sick. Chen has the flu, Shiv has contracted cholera and Dale has malaria. Suggest how EACH boy could have contracted his disease. Chen Shiv... Dale... G marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE {N06 |[ee + 16- oe : (iii) Suggest THREE preventative actions that could have been taken to reduce the possibility of Dale contracting malaria. sie TER “(@ marks) = Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 | LAA |-17- a SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section. (@) ——()_State ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of using an antiserum and name ONE situation in which an antiserum should be used. Advantage . Disadvantage When it is used .... G marks) (ii) Define the term ‘vaceine” and explain how a vaccine differs from an antiserum. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 Waa {a | Ainar 1 (&) (i) There is an outbreak of chicken pox and although exposed to this virus, Mia does not contract it. The flu season is approaching so she decides that since she is still breastfeeding her baby, she will get vaccinated for the flu virus. Identify the THREE types of immunity described in the scenario above and state f which type will NOT be long-lasting. E @ marks) Gi) Suggest ONE short-term benefit and ONE long-term benefit of Mia's baby being vaccinated, (2 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 E HULU NEU TOL 1r “». 1 (iii) Mia has developed athlete’s foot. Her neighbour says she has some antibiotics that she used for a previous infection and suggests that Mia use some of it. Should Mia use the neighbour's antibiotics? Explain your answer. DONOTIRITEIN THIS AREA G marks) ‘Total 15 marks DO NOTE | DONOT WRITE IN THIS AREA GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 a CATE 0 |r = J 6 (@) Pit latrines are still commonly used in rural areas within the Caribbean. They provide a means by which sewage is disposed. Figure 8 shows a pit latrine. oy © Shed Pipe BP] os Concrete base ql | 1c + Lining of the pit Figure 8. Diagram of a pit latrine Identify the labelled parts, A, B and C, and state the function of EACH part. (6 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE {ONE 008 | 01253020/F 2018 |ete SARE HE (DONOT WRITE IN (b) 221. fal A group of students visited the homes of several villagers in a remote part of a particular Caribbean island. While on tour, the students inspected the pit latrines and became very concerned about the siting and construction of the pit latrines at the villagers" homes. Suggest THREE observations made by the students that may have caused them to become concerned. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01253020/F 2018 lee ‘AMO 0 peace oy-2- 7] (©) The students are also concemed that as the population of the village inereases, the volume of sewage produced will also inerease. Explain to the villagers ONE advantage and TWO E disadvantages of continuing the use of pit latrines, given the students’ concerns. I Advantage .. : i (6 marks) Total 15 marks END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 01253020/F 2018 INA Aainnntn— -23- ~] EXTRA SPACE Ifyou use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided. IS AR Question No. DO NOT WRITE IN TI IN THIS AREA DONOT WRITE 01253020/F 2018 ES fai CANOE ‘ Saaraneer 3 7 EXTRA SPACE Ifyou use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided. Question No. 01253020/F 2018 | uu |r Question No. DONOT WROD IN THIS AREA -25- | EXTRA SPACE Ifyou use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided. 01253020/F 2018 0 0 | SS eaeneeas -26- EXTRA SPACE Ifyou use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided. 01253020/F 2018 CA 8 A Ipoe somCANDIDATE’S RECEIPT 2. Ensure that this slip is detached by the Supervisor or Invigilator and given to you when you hand in this booklet. 3. Keepii in a safe place until you have received your results. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE: : 1. Fill in all the information requested clearly in capital letters. 1 1 vesr-cope: [ 0] 1 275/3]}0)2]0 I SUBJECT; HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY ~ Paper 02 ; 1 PROFICIENCY: GENERAL ; ! REGISTRATION NUMBER: I 1 1 FULL NAME: ae I (BLOCK LETTERS) I Signature: uae ! Date: : I ! ! 1 1 1 ——_ INSTRUCTION TO SUPERVISOR/INVIGILATOR: Sign the declaration below, detach this slip and hand it to the candidate as his/her receipt for this booklet collected by you. Thereby acknowledge receipt of the candidate’s booklet for the examination stated above. Signature: Date: MO 0 incendie