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Terms in Geometry

The document discusses basic geometric figures including points, lines, rays, angles and their properties. It also discusses two-dimensional shapes like triangles, quadrilaterals and their types. Three-dimensional shapes like pyramids and prisms are also mentioned.

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Taufikurohman
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7 views

Terms in Geometry

The document discusses basic geometric figures including points, lines, rays, angles and their properties. It also discusses two-dimensional shapes like triangles, quadrilaterals and their types. Three-dimensional shapes like pyramids and prisms are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Taufikurohman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 5.

BASIC MATHEMATICAL TERMS

BASIC GEOMETRIC FIGURES

Name Description Figure Symbol Read


Point A points is an exact No Point A
location . symbol
Line ……………………… ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 Line segment
segment ……………………… A B AB
(segment) ………………………
Ray ……………………… ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐸 Ray DE
………………………
………………………
Line ……………………… ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 Line AB
………………………
………………………

There are several possibilities of the line-positions

Lines Can Be
Intersecting Parallel

Description: Description:
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..

Perpendicular Skew

90o

Description: Description:
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
………………………………………….. …………………………………………..
ANGLES
Angle can be defined as a shape, formed by two lines or rays diverging from a common point
(the vertex).
Attribute of an angle:
1. Vertex: is the common point at which the two lines or rays are
joined. Point B is the figure above is the vertex of the
angle ∠ABC
2. Legs (sides): the two lines that make it up. In the figure above,
the line segments AB and BC are the legs of the angle ∠ABC
Complementary and Supplementary Angles
When the sum of two angles is 90°, then the angles are known as complementary angles. In other
words, if two angles add up to form a right angle, then these angles are referred to as
complementary angles. Here we say that the two angles complement each other.

When the sum of two angles is 180°, then the angles are known as supplementary angles. In other
words, if two angles add up, to form a straight angle, then those angles are referred to
as supplementary angles.

The angles have special names identifying their positions with respect to the parallel lines and
transversal. They are corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, or alternate exterior angles.
An angle is congruent to its matched angle.

When two lines are crossed by another line (which is called the Transversal), the angles in
matching corners are called corresponding angles.
The angles that are formed on opposite sides of the transversal and inside the two lines
are alternate interior angles. The alternate interior angles are equal.

Alternate exterior angles are two angles that are on the exterior of l and m, but on opposite
sides of the transversal.
GEOMETRIC SHAPES 2D

Two-dimensional shapes are flat figures that have a length and a width. Two-dimensional shapes
can also be called a plane figure or polygon. They can be classified by the number of sides and
vertices (corners) they have.
Triangle Pentagon Hexagon Octagon

3 sides 5 sides
3 vertices 5 vertices

Quadrilaterals are shapes that have 4 sides or 4 vertices. There are many different names for
quadrilaterals.
Names Figures Description
Rectangle 2 sets of parallel sides, 4 right angles

Square 4 equal sides, 4 right angles

Trapezoid

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Kite
Some quadrilaterals can have multiple names.
For example: a square can also be called a parallelogram because it has two sets of parallel sides.
Can you name some other examples?

Types of Triangles
Based on the measure (size) of the side, triangle can be grouped into three types:
Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Scalene triangle

A triangle with three equal A triangle with two equal A triangle with three uneven
sides sides sides

Based on the measure (size) of the angle, triangle can be grouped into three types:
Right-angled triangle Obtuse triangle Acute triangle

90o

A triangle with one right A triangle with one obtuse A triangle with three acute
angle angle angles
Part of Triangle
PYRAMID and PRISM

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