1.

Thomas Jefferson served as president of the American Philosophical Society, ____

organization that encouraged of scientific and intellectual research.
a. ranging wide
b. a wide range
c. which ranged widely
d. a widely ranging

2. ____ that Rachel Carson’s 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration
for the development of the nontoxic pesticides.
a. there is likely
b. likely to be
c. it is likely
d. likely

3. Associated with the Denishawn company from 1916 until 1923, Martha Graham developed a
powerful, ____ that was integral to the foundations of modern dance.
a. expressively stylish
b. a style expressive
c. stylishly expressive
d. expressive style

4. The best known books of Ross Macdonald, ____ writer of detective novels, feature the
character Lew Archer, a private detective.
a. is the
b. is an
c. they are by
d. the

5. Because it was so closely related to communication, ____ art form to develop.

a. drawing was probably the earliest
b. to draw early was probably
c. early drawing probably
d. the earliest draw

6. Mahalia Jackson, ____ combined powerful vitality with great dignity, was one of the best-
known gospel singers in the United States.
a. it was her singing
b. which songs
c. who sang
d. whose singing

7. The best known books of Ross Macdonald, ____ writer of detective novels, feature the
character Lew Archer, a private detective.
a. is the
b. is an
c. they are by
 d. the

8. A singer’s struggle to succeed in popular music is the kind of story ____ a fascinating film
could be made.
a. with
b. by
c. for whom
d. about which

9. The number of judges on the United States Supreme Court is determined by Congress, ____
by the Constitution.
a. nevertheless
b. instead
c. despite
d. not

10. The first article of the United States Constitution gives Congress ____ to pass laws.
a. the power
b. has the power
c. the power is
d. of the power

11. The fact ____ money orders can usually be easily cashed has made them a popular form of
payment.
a. of
b. that
c. is that
d. which is

12. The city of Montreal ____ over 70 square miles.

a. covers
b. that covers
c. covering
d. is covered

13. Probably ____, came into widespread use after the Second World War.
a. an antibiotic of known
b. was known the antibiotic
c. the best-known antibiotic
d. known best antibiotic

14. Millions of people around the world ____ to clean drinking water.
a. do not have access
b. do not to have access
c. can not have access
d. should not have access
15. Total color blindness, ____, is the result of a defect in the retina.
a. a rare condition that
b. a rare condition
c. that a rare condition
d. is a rare condition

16. Microscopes make small things appear larger than ____.

a. really are
b. are really
c. are they really
d. they really are

17. Vegetables are an excellent source ____ vitamins.

a. of
b. has
c. where
d. that

18. Refrigerating meats ____ the spread of bacteria.

a. retards
b. retarding
c. to retard
d. is retarded

19. Refugee migration is at ____ worldwide.

a. an all-time high
b. the all time high
c. all times high
d. the high all-time

20. United States spends more money on advertising ____ country in the world.
a. other
b. other than
c. than any other
d. while other

21. The Dallas Theater Center presents plays in two buildings, ____ was designed by the
internationally renowned architect, Frank Lloyd Wright.
a. which
b. which one
c. that which
d. one of which

22. Throughout the animal kingdom, ____ bigger than elephant.

a. whale is only the
b. only the whale is
 c. is the whale only
d. only whale is the

23. Advocates ____ on aquarium hobbyists to buy fish in captivity.

a. have called
b. are called
c. calls
d. is calling

24. Up to 90 percent of ____ saltwater aquarium fish is eaten by cyanide.

a. import
b. importing
c. imports
d. imported

25. Beef cattle ____ of all livestock for economic growth in certain geographic regions.
a. the most are important
b. are the most important
c. the most important are
d. that are the most important

26. ____ of large mammals once dominated the North American Prairies: the American bison
and the pronghorn antelope.
a. there are two species
b. with two species
c. two species are
d. two species

27. Janet Collin’s struggle to make a place for herself in ballet is the kind of a life story ____
a fascinating novel might be written.
a. of
b. by
c. for whom
d. about which

28. ____ most important event in San Francisco’s history was the disastrous earthquake and
fire of 1906.
a. the
b. it was the
c. that the
d. there was a

29. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes ___ they both emit hot liquids from
below the Earth’s surface.
a. due to
b. because
 c. in spite of
d. regardless of

30. During the early period of ocean navigation, ____ any need for sophisticated instruments
and techniques.
a. so that hardly
b. where there hardly was
c. hardly was
d. there was hardly

31. Hood ____ in the state of Oregon.

a. although
b. and
c. is
d. which

32. Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania, ____ Betsy Ross sewed the
first American flag.
a. which
b. where
c. that
d. has

33. The discovery of the halftone process in photography in 1881 made it ____ photographs
in books and newspapers.
a. the possible reproduction
b. possible to reproduce
c. the possibility of reproducing
d. possibly reproduce

34. Beginning in the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a system of notating
their compositions ____ be performed by musicians.
a. will
b. that
c. and when to
d. so they could

35. Civil Rights are the freedoms and rights ____ as a member of a community, state, or
nation.
a. may have a person
b. may have a person who
c. a person may have
d. and a person may have

36. Franklin D. Roosevelt was ____ the great force of radio and the opportunity it provided
for taking government policies directly to the people.
 a. as the first President he understood fully
b. the first President that, to fully understand
c. the first President fully understand
d. the first President to understand fully

37. During the late fifteenth century, ____ of the native societies of America had professions
in the fields of arts and crafts.
a. only a few
b. a few but
c. few, but only
d. a few only

38. Richard Wright enjoyed success and influence ____ among Black American writers of
his era.
a. were unparalleled
b. are unparalleled
c. unparalleled
d. the unparalleled