6

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Integers

2
Mathematics– Grade 6
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Integers
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Philip Michael P. Decano

Editors: Raul L. Pojas, Leah B. Bringas
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa, PhD, Noemi E. Parcon, Rolex L. Lotilla, Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:

Layout Artist: Jackie Lyn R. Langga

Cover Art Designer: Arvel Garry L. Campollo
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV - Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven Jr., CESE - Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero EdD, CESE – ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Jade T. Palomar – REPS, Subject Area Supervisor
Belen L. Fajemolin PhD – CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa PhD – EPS, LRMS
Bernardita M. Villano – ADM Coordinator
Noemi E. Parcon – Subject Area Supervisor

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education –SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]

3
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have
any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

4
 What I Know

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A. For each word, name its opposite:

1. Up 6. Gain
2. Left 7. Under time
3. North 8. Above
4. Increase 9. Forward
5. Positive 10. Deposit

B. State whether each statement is true or false.

11. Fractions such as ½, 2¾, ¼ and decimals such as 0.75, 3.5, 4.125 are rational
numbers.

12. Numbers such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 are examples of whole numbers.

13. Counting numbers are also called natural numbers.

14. Additive inverse means opposite of a number.

C. Choose the letter of the best answer.

15. What is the opposite of +12?

a. 1/12 b. -12 c. -1/12 d. 0
16. Write the symbol that will make the statement true; -5 ___ +3.
a. < b. > c. = d. /
17. Which of the following number is greater than -6?
a. -7 b. -10 c. 0 d. -8
18. The airplane rose 1600 ft. and then went down 400 ft. What is the present
altitude of the airplane?
a. -1200 ft. b. +1300 ft. c. +1200 ft. d. -1300 ft.
19. A submarine was situated 1940 meters below sea level. If it ascends 730
meters, what is its new position?
a. +1200 meters b. +1210 meters c. –1200 meters d. –1210 meters
20. Gemma earns P5000 a week and spends P1340. How much is her net income
for the week?
a. +P3660 b. –P3606 c. –P3660 d. +P3606

5
Lesson

1 The Concept of Integers

Numbers play a very important role in our daily lives. Learning how to count was our
first experience with numbers. Then we engaged with and learned whole numbers.
Later we learned how to deal with and operate fractions and decimals.

In mathematics, some situations will have no solutions using whole numbers alone.
For example, the arithmetic equations such 3 – 5 = n, 4 – 8 = n where in the
subtrahend is greater than the minuend cannot be answered. To provide answer to
these problems, integer was introduced as another set of numbers.

What’s In

Compare the following quantities by writing the symbol < or >.

1. ½ meter of string _____ 2 meters of string

2. 10 degree Celsius _____ 0 degree Celsius
3. 5 kilograms of rice _____ 3 kilograms of rice
4. 10% discount _____ 25 % discount
5. P20 mark-up price _____ P30 mark-up price

What’s New

The meaning of Integers

Integers are numbers which are important in mathematics. They are called signed
numbers or directed numbers written with a plus (+) sign and a minus (-) sign before
the number. Numbers with plus (+) sign or no sign are called positive numbers and
numbers with minus (-) sign are called negative numbers.

Integers are numbers without a fraction, meaning this numbers are whole numbers
and not a fractional numbers.

6
The Set of Numbers
Table 1 shows the comparison of Set of Numbers with Definitions and Examples.

Table 1. Comparison of Set of a Numbers

Kind of a Number Definitions Example

Counting Numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...}

They are natural numbers and
{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...}
set of whole numbers without
zero and are positive numbers.

Whole Numbers They are set of counting {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...}

numbers or natural numbers {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...}
including 0 and are
nonnegative numbers.

Integers They are set of whole numbers {... , -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, ...}
that can be positive, negative {... , -3, -1, 0, +1, +3, ...}
or 0 and not a fractional
numbers.

Fractions They are set of rational { ½ , ¾ , 1 ¾ , ...}

numbers that can be written {2/3, 5/6, 3 2/3,...}
as a fraction, the numerator
and the denominator are
whole numbers.

Decimals They are rational numbers { 0.5, 0.125, 2.75, ...}

expressed as a fraction whose { 0.454545, 0.2727, ...}
denominator is power of 10
{ 0.333, 0.16667, ...}
and that can be written with
decimal point.

What is It

One of the very important aspects in studying mathematics is the principle of

opposites. Opposites are denoted by signed numbers. The positive (+) signs and
negative (-) signs will represent opposites. If increasing, positive (+) sign is used and

7
if decreasing, negative (-) sign is used. Opposites of a number are also called additive
inverse.

Examples:

10 kilometres south is denoted by-10 while10 kilometres north is denoted by +10.

The opposite number of +10 is -10, thus, additive inverse of +10 is -10.

Similarly, the additive inverse of -10 is +10.

Figure below is a number line wherein integers can be represented.

Negative Numbers Positive Numbers

-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3

The number zero in the number line is used to indicate a point which divides the
points on the positive side from the points on the negative side. In other words, the
integer zero divides the points corresponding to positive integers from the points
corresponding to negative integers. Since zero is the dividing point between positive
integers and negative integers, zero has no sign and we simply writ it as 0.

Positive numbers were located to the right of zero are integers greater than zero.
Negative numbers were located to the left of zero are integers less than zero.

Examples:

-3 < 0 (-3 is less than 0) 0 > -2 (0 is greater than -2)

-2 < +1 (-2 is less than +1) -1 < +1 (-1 is less than +1)

-3 < -1 (-3 is less than -1) +3 > 0 (+3 is greater than 0)

+1 > -3 (+1 is greater than -3) +2 > -2 (+2 is greater than -2)
+2 > +1 (+2 is greater than +1) -2 > -3 (-2 is greater than -3)

Therefore, Negative Integers < 0 < Positive Integers

Examples:

-2 < 0 < +1 (-2 is less than 0 is less than +1)

-3< 0 < +3 (-3 is less than 0 is less than +3)

-1 < 0 < +1 (-1 is less than 0 is less than +1)

8
 What’s More

Activity 1.1
Write your answer on separate sheet of paper.

A. Give the phrase that is the opposite of the following:

1. 15 miles east
2. Price increase of P25
3. A gain of 35 points
4. 10 steps to the right
5. 5 OC above zero
6. 3 km north
7. A loss of 5 kg
8. 10OC below zero
9. 6 steps backward
10. 3 kg overweight

B. Write each of the following expressions as a positive integer or a negative integer.

1. P200 withdrawal from bank

2. an increase of 4 OC
3. salary deduction of P150
4. 65 miles above sea level
5. 35 meters below the ground
6. a profit of P500
7. a loss of 15 points
8. a gain of 8 pounds
9. a deposit of P645
10. a distance of 20 m below sea level
C. Fill in the blank with < or > to make the statement true.

1. 8 ___ 7
2. 0 ___ -3
3. +13 ___ -13
4. -1 ___ -5
5. -2 ___ 0

9
 What I Have Learned

1. Integers is a set of whole numbers that can be positive, negative or 0 and it

cannot be a fractional number.
2. A number line is used to simply illustrate the set of integers and determine
the order of integers.
3. Integers located to the right of zero are positive integers that are greater than
zero. Integers located to the left of zero are negative integers that are less than
zero.
4. Zero divides the positive integers from the negative integers. Since zero is
dividing point between positive integers and negative integers, zero has no
sign and we simply write as 0.
5. Opposites are denoted by signed numbers, and opposites of a particular given
number is called additive inverse. Opposite integers are of the same distance
from zero.

What I Can Do

Anna has bank balance of P12,350.00 in her account. She withdrew P3,150.00 and
P4,500.00. After two withdrawals, she then deposited P6,200.00. What was her new
balance? If she wants to maintain a balance of P15,000.00, how much money must
she deposit in her bank account?

Assessment

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Represent each given quantity with the proper integer.

1. Increase in height by 3 centimeters
2. 90 meters below sea level
3. Salary increase of P1000
4. Bank withdrawal of P200
5. Overtime pay of P95
6. 8 degrees below zero
7. 245 miles above sea level
8. A gain in weight of 5 kilograms

10
 9. Going 100 meters downstream
10. 8 hours ahead of time
B. Give the opposite of the following integers.
11. 9
12. -15
13. -253
14. -32
15. +39
16. +56
17. -47
18. 24
19. 16
20. -12

Additional Activities
Using the number line, identify the following points being described below.

1. 7 units to the left of +1

2. 5 units to the right of -4
3. 3 units to the right of 0
4. 6 units to the left of +6
5. 2 units to the right of -5

11
12
Lesson
Real-Life Situations that
2 Make Use of Integers

Integers are used to describe quantities or values having opposite directions. They
are usually used in real-life situations such as to determine temperature, location,
time, speed, elevation, money and many more.

What’s In

A. Write a positive or a negative number to represent each statement.

1. 110OF above zero

2. A loss of 10 lbs.
3. 7 steps to the left
4. A gain of 32 points
5. 600 meters below sea level
B. Write the opposite integer that represent each statement.
6. A gain of 6 meters
7. A raise of 580
8. Spending P20
9. Withdrawal of P600
10. 3 steps going south

What’s New

Application of Integers
In real world, it is easy to recognize integers or signed numbers. Positive and negative
numbers are used together to represent quantities. Above/below zero temperature,
above/below sea level elevation, debit/credit in accounting, and positive/negative
charge in electricity are some examples of application of integers.

13
Integers and Real-life Applications
Table 1 shows some examples of quantities wherein integers are applied

Table 1.

Quantity Description Positive (+) Negative (-)

Elevation above sea level below sea level
Temperature above zero degree below zero degree
Electricity positive charge negative charge
Bank Account deposit Withdrawal
Grade passed failed
Work over time under time
Time after before
Speed over speed limit under speed limit
Business Debit Credit

What is It

Integers are used in many ways. You probably used integers if you have told someone
that the highest mountain in the Philippines is Mt. Apo at 2,954 meters above sea
level. Or maybe if you have told someone that Mindanao trench is about 10,497
meters below sea level.

The word above refers to a positive integer that implies an increasing value, likewise,
the word below refers to a negative integer that implies a decreasing value.
Example:

A courier messenger forgot on what floor in a building he would deliver the package.
With no one to ask for direction, he rode the elevator up to 8 th floor. Then he went
down 3 floors and went up again 5 floors. Still he could not find the right floor. So
he went up again 6 floors, then down 4 floors and decided to stop for a while. On
what floor did the courier messenger stop? A. Given Facts:

1st Stop 8th Floor +8

Down 3 floors -3

Up 5 floors +5

Up 6 floors +6

14
 Down 4 floors -4

B. What is ask in the problem?

On what floor did the courier messenger stop?

C. Solution: n = 8 – 3 + 5 + 6 – 4 (Apply MDAS Rule from left to right)

=5+5+6–4

= 10 + 6 – 4

= 16 – 4

n = 12

D. Answer.

The courier messenger stop at the 12th floor

What’s More

Activity 2.1
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Write your answer in each of the following problems as an integer.

Example: Earning P20, then spending P8. The answer is written +P12 or P12

1. Depositing P2500, then withdrawing P1200.

2. Rising 500 meters, then descending 200 meters.
3. Walking 500 meters north, then 600 meters south.
4. Gaining P250, then gaining P1250 more.
5. Earning P135, then spending P150.
6. The temperature rose 24OC at noon and drop 5OC in the late afternoon. What
was the temperature by late afternoon?

15
7. Gerry deposited P4600 and withdrew P5000 at the same time. How much
money was left if he has P2250 initial deposits in his bank account?
8. The airplane rose 1067 meters and then went down 366 meters. What is the
present altitude of the airplane?
9. A sales clerk’s monthly salary is P10520. How much will be her take home pay
if her mandatory deductions is P1600?
10. A boy carries a load of 14 kilograms. He finds it heavy so he removes a weight
of 6 kilograms. What is the weight of the remaining load?
11. A family earns P35,000 a month and spends P16,000. How much is the net
income of the family?
12. A submarine was located 6,980 meters below sea level. If it rises 1,725 meters,
what is its new position?
13. Sonia’s present weight is 13 pounds. If she gains 2 pounds this month and
loses 3 pounds next month, what will her weight be by the end of next month?
14. Jerry’s grade in Math decreased 3 points in the first quarter but increased 7
points in the second quarter. What is the total increase between the first and
second quarter?

15. The airplane flies with an altitude of 1,200 feet above the ground and then
went down 500 feet. That is the present altitude of the airplane?

What I Have Learned

1. Integers have many uses in real world. It help facilitates certain calculations
by including negative numbers and efficiently computes positive numbers in
almost every field.
2. Integers are used in business to compute such as profit, gaining or losing,
debit or credit, etc. and in banking system to check bank accounts.
3. Integers is also used in calculating temperature.

4. Integers is also used to determine health condition and lifestyle.

16
 What I Can Do

Eleanor is a working student who earns P1500.00 per week from her work as a part-
time food chain crew. The following are her monthly expenses.

Food = P1700, Boarding House = P600, Transportation = P300

Tuition Fee = P1000, School Supplies = P500

Miscellaneous Expenses = P700

a. Calculate her expenses and determine whether or not she can make enough
to afford her lifestyle.
b. Does she still have some money to save?
c. As a pupil, how will you save money from your allowance? How much is your
daily/weekly savings? Why is it important to save money?

Assessment

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Solve each problem. Express your answer as an integer.

1. Earning P135, then spending P145.

2. Walking 300 m south, then 500 m north.
3. Winning of 15 points in first game, then losing of 20 points in second game.
4. Over time of 2 hours, then under time 3 hours.
5. A submarine was situated 980 meters below sea level. If it rises 169 meters,
what is its new position?

17
 6. Alex was at the ground floor of the building when he decided to go to the fourth
floor. He then went up five floors, and went down three floors. Where is he
now?
7. Mario has P18,000 in his bank account. He withdraw consecutively P7,300
and P2,300. After two withdrawals how much money left in his bank account?
8. What is the result of borrowing P20 and then paying P6.00?
9. Emma walks 8 blocks south, then decides to go back 5 blocks north. Where
is she now?
10. A courier messenger forgot on what floor in a building he would deliver the
package. With no one to ask for direction, he rode the elevator up to 8th floor.
Then he went down 5 floors and went up again 3 floors. Still he could not find
the right floor. So he went up again 1 floor, then down 7 floors and decided to
stop for a while. On what floor did the courier messenger stop?

Additional Activities

Solve the following problems.

1. Going up to his bedroom, Jake will have to take 8 steps up the landing
and another steps to reach his room. How many steps does Jake take
in all?
2. Rose start walking 6 steps forward, 8 steps backward, 10 steps forward,
and 3 steps backward. How many steps is Rose from where she started?

18
 Answer Key

References

Olivares, N. et al.(2003). Math and Me 6. Philippines: Bookman, Inc.

Perez, M. et al. (2016). 21st Century Mathletes 6 Textbook for Grade 6. Philippines:
Vibal Group, Inc.

Villamayor, A. et al. (2015). Math for Life Worktext in Mathematics. Philippines: Rex
Bookstore, Inc.

19
 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN
Region in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR
development was observed in the production of this module. This is Version
1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]