Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

com

Q1.

Diagram NOT
accurately drawn

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

CEAY and BDAX are straight lines.

XY, ED and CB are parallel.
AE = 5 cm.
AX = 9 cm.
AD = 4 cm.
BC = 4 cm.
BD = 2 cm.

CE = x cm.
XY = y cm.

Find the value of x and the value of y.

x = .....................................

y = .....................................
(Total 4 marks)

Q2. These triangles have been drawn on a centimetre grid.

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

(a) Write down the letters of the two triangles that are congruent.

................... and ..................

(1)

(b) Write down the letters of two different triangles that are similar.

................... and ..................

(1)

(c) Find the area of triangle D.

.....................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

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Q3. Shapes ABCD and EFGH are mathematically similar.

Diagrams NOT accurately drawn

(a) Calculate the length of BC.

........................... cm
(2)

(b) Calculate the length of EF.

........................... cm
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Q4. These triangles have been drawn on a centimetre grid.

(a) Write down the letters of the two triangles that are congruent.

................... and ..................

(1)

(b) Write down the letters of two different triangles that are similar.

................... and ..................

(1)

(c) Find the area of triangle D.

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

.....................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Q5.

Diagram NOT accurately drawn

ABC is an equilateral triangle.

D lies on BC.
AD is perpendicular to BC.

(a) Prove that triangle ADC is congruent to triangle ADB.

(3)

(b) Hence, prove that BD = AB.

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Q6.

Diagram NOT accurately drawn

In the diagram, AB = BC = CD = DA.

Prove that triangle ADB is congruent to triangle CDB.

(Total 3 marks)

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Q7. Here are 8 polygons.

(a) Write down the mathematical name for shape A.

.....................................
(1)

(b) Write down the letter of the shape that is an octagon.

.....................................
(1)

(c) Write down the letters of the pair of congruent shapes.

..................................... and .....................................

(1)
(Total 3 marks)

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Q8. Here are 6 shapes drawn on a grid.

Two of these shapes are congruent.

(a) Write down the letters of these two shapes.

....................... and ........................

(1)

(b) On the grid below, draw a shape that is congruent to shape P.

(1)
(Total 2 marks)

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Q9.

Diagram NOT accurately drawn

ABC is an equilateral triangle.

D lies on BC.
AD is perpendicular to BC.

Prove that triangle ADC is congruent to triangle ADB.

(Total 3 marks)

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

M1.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

x = 2.05 4 M1 a correct expression for x involving ratios of

sides, e.g. oe

A1 cao

y = 11.25

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

Total for Question: 4 marks

M2.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) C and D 1 B1 cao

(b) B and E 1 B1 cao

(c) 4.5 cm2 1 B1 cao

Total for Question: 3 marks

M3.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) 12 2
×8 M1 for or or or
A1 cao

(b) 5 2
× 7.5 M1 for or or or or or

or or

A1 cao

Total for Question: 4 marks

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Edexcel Maths GCSE - Congruency and Similarity (FH) PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com

M4.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) C and D 1 B1 cao

(b) B and E 1 B1 cao

(c) 4.5 cm2 1 B1 cao

Total for Question: 3 marks

M5.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) AB = AC (equilateral triangle) Proof 3 M1 for any three correct

AD is common statements (which do not have
ADC=ADB (= 90° given) to be justified) that together
∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (RHS) lead to a congruence proof
(ignore irrelevant statements)
OR A1 for a full justification of
these statements
DAC = DAB (since ACD = ABD and A1 for RHS, SAS, AAS, ASA or
ADC = ADB) SSS as appropriate
AB = AC (equilateral triangle)
AD is common NB The two A marks are
∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (SAS) independent

OR

DAC = DAB (since ACD = ABD and

ADC = ADB)
AD is common
ACD = ABD (equilateral triangle)

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∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (AAS)

(b) BD = DC (congruent Δs) Proof 2 B1 for BD = DC and BC = AB

BC = AB (equilateral Δs) B1 for justification of these
statements and completion of
proof
Hence BD = AB

Total for Question: 5 marks

M6.

Working Mark Additional Guidance

AD = CD equal sides 3 B2 for two of AD = CD, AB = CB, BD is common

AB = CB equal sides OR for BD common and all other sides equal in
BD is common length (it must be clear that the ‘other sides’ relate
ADB is congruent to CDB (SSS) to the two triangles)
(B1 for one of these. Note: All sides are of the
same length alone is ambiguous and gains B0)
B1 for proof of congruence (SSS or SAS or ASA)
dependent upon THREE identities (with reasons)

Total for Question: 3 marks

M7.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) Regular 1 B1 (accept hexagon)

hexagon

(b) D 1 B1 cao

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(c) D and G 1 B1 for both, in any order

Total for Question: 3 marks

M8.

Answer Mark Additional Guidance

(a) A and C 1 B1 c for A and C or C and A

(b) Shape drawn 1 B1 for correct shape, any orientation or reflection,

±2 mm

Total for Question: 2 marks

M9.

Working Answer Mark Additional Guidance

AB = AC (equilateral triangle) Proof 3 M1 for any three correct statements

AD is common (which do not have to be justified) that
ADC=ADB (= 90° given) together lead to a congruence proof
(ignore irrelevant statements)
∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (RHS) A1 for a full justification of these statements
A1 for RHS, SAS, AAS, ASA or SSS as
OR appropriate

DAC = DAB (since ACD = NB The two A marks are independent

ABD and ADC = ADB)
AB = AC (equilateral triangle)
AD is common
∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (SAS)

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OR

DAC = DAB (since ACD =

ABD and ADC = ADB)
AD is common
ACD = ABD (equilateral
triangle)
∆ADC ≡ ∆ADB (AAS)

Total for Question: 3 marks

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E3. Those candidates who worked with scale factors were usually successful. Errors were
more common in part (b) where some candidates multiplied 7.5 by the scale factor rather
than divide. A quick look at the diagram ought to have alerted these candidates to the fact
that the length of EF could not possibly be 11.25 cm. Many candidates, though, did not
work with scale factors but assumed that because AD was 3 cm longer than EH then each
side in ABCD was 3cm longer than the corresponding side in EFGH. This resulted in 11
cm and 4.5 cm being very common incorrect answers in part (a) and part (b) respectively.

E5. Part (a) was very poorly answered. It was good to see some responses in which
statements and justifications were laid out correctly but the majority of candidates had little
idea of how to set out a formal proof of congruency. Statements were often vague and
general, e.g. ‘all sides are the same’. Even when candidates were able to give three
correct statements it was not uncommon for the incorrect reason for congruency to be
given – most frequently SAS when it should have been RHS. Full justification was rare.
BD = DC was stated in numerous responses with candidates failing to realise that this was
a consequence of congruency. The most common errors were not justifying the
statements made and not providing the reason for congruency. Some candidates thought
that AAA and ASS were sufficient for congruency. Very often the working was difficult to
follow. More candidates were able to gain one mark in part (b) but very few realised they
needed to use congruency to justify BD = DC.

E6. Candidates understanding of congruency was very good, however it is clear that
formal congruency proofs have not been covered by very many centres. Very few
candidates were able to quote the requirements for two triangles to be congruent and
therefore acceptable proofs were rare. The pairing of corresponding sides was weak and
many attempts would just quote vague facts such as ‘all the sides are equal’.
Some candidates tried to use equal angles but rarely were any reasons ever given for
their two angles being equal in size.
Many candidates assumed that the symbols on each of the sides implied parallel lines.

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E8. Writing down the correct letters of the two shapes that were congruent resulted in a
79% success rate for part (a). Use of tracing paper would have ensured accuracy.

In part (b) there appeared to be a fairly good understanding of the word ‘congruent’ with
just over half the candidates drawing a shape that was identical to the given one. It would
have been sufficient to merely draw the shape again a few squares to the right to earn full
marks. However, for some reason, possibly because they did not understand what was
required, many inverted the shape, rotated the shape or reflected the shape which
resulted in the task being made much more demanding.

E9. This proved to be difficult for most candidates. Few had a clear idea of what a
congruence proof entails and were content to appeal to symmetry. Better candidates were
able to marshal some ideas although many made the assumption (they are not told it in
the question) that the perpendicular to the base of an equilateral triangle bisects the base.
This fact would of course be a consequence of the proof and as such cannot be part of
the proof. Other candidates assumed that proving that the triangles were equiangular
would do, or quoted SAS when A was not the included angle.

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