BAMBOO (BAMBUSOIDAE) FIBER AS COMPONENT FOR

COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS

CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, College

of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Southern
Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

March 2022
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE

Name Chinney Irish Lee F. Pelayo

Major
Degree Bachelor Of Science In Civil Engineering
Sought
Specialization
Thesis Title Bamboo (Bambusoisdae) Fiber As Component For
Compressed Earth Blocks

APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR ________________________

Adviser Co-Adviser

__________ __________
Date Date

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN

Statistician Department Research
__________ __________
Date Date
ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO
Department Chairperson
__________
Date

DR. MARILYN S. PAINAGAN ENGR. MELECIO A. CORDERO JR.

College Research Coordinator Dean
__________ __________
Date Date
Study No: ________________
Index No: ________________
Recorded by: _____________
RECORDED:

DR. MA. TEODORA N. CABASAN

Director for Research and Development
__________
Date
Recorded by: ________
 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

ACCEPTANCE OF THESIS

The thesis attached hereto, entitled BAMBOO (BAMBUSOIDAE) FIBER AS

COMPONENT FOR COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS prepared and submitted
by CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING is hereby
accepted.

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR

Adviser

____________
Date

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR

OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

DR. MARILYN S. PAINAGAN

College Research Coordinator

____________
Date
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES Page

Title Page
Approval of Thesis Outline................................................................ii

Acceptance of Thesis.......................................................................iii

Table of contents..............................................................................iv

List of dummy Tables........................................................................v

List of Figures...................................................................................vi

List of Appendices...........................................................................vii

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................1

Significance of the Study..................................................................1

Objectives of the Study.....................................................................3

Expected Output of the Study...........................................................3

Conceptual Framework.....................................................................3

Place and Time of the Study.............................................................4

Scope and Limitation........................................................................5

Operational Definition of Terms........................................................5

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..................................................7

Related Studies...............................................................................14

Investigation of Humphrey Danso (December 6, 2017).................14

Investigation of Mbereyaho l. et al. (2017)......................................16

METHODOLOGY.................................................................................17
 Materials, Tools and Equipment .....................................................17

Methods..........................................................................................17

Preparation of Materials..................................................................17

Molder Specification........................................................................19

Proportioning of Dry Materials.........................................................20

Mixing of Samples...........................................................................21

Molding and Pressing.....................................................................21

Curing and Storing..........................................................................22

Preparation of Test Samples...........................................................22

Compressed Earth Blocks Test ang Procedure .............................23

Calculations....................................................................................24

Exploration Design and Statistical Analysis....................................25

Data to be Gathered.......................................................................26

Experimental Layout.......................................................................27

LITEATURE CITED..............................................................................28

APPENDICES...................................................................................... 29

Appendix A. Application for Research Adviser................................30

Appendix B. Application for Research Title.....................................31

Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research.............................32

Appendix D. Application for Thesis Outline Defense......................33

Appendix E. Ghantt Chart...............................................................34

Appendix F. Certificate of Statistitian..............................................35

CURRICULUM VITAE..........................................................................36

LIST OF DUMMY TABLES

v
Dummy Table Title Page

1 Compressive strength of CEB’s mixed with 27

bamboo fiber in MPa.

LIST OF FIGURES

vi
Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 4

2 Top view of Molder 20

3 Isometric view of Molder 20

vii
 INTRODUCTION

Bamboos are diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plant in

the subfamily Bambusoideae of grass family Poaceae. Bamboo is widely used

across the world for everything from food and medicine to furniture and

scaffoldings. Bamboos are commonly seen in rural areas and are substantially

the most common material on building low-cost houses and huts. Its versatile

properties are what made them more popular. In some countries, bamboos are

use as substitute for a reinforced bar especially on mud houses.

Significance of The Study

Bamboo as a building material has high tensile strength and low weight

has been one of the most used building materials as support for concrete,

especially in those locations where it is found in abundance. In its ability to

withstand tensile forces, bamboo is superior to some timbers and can even be

use as alternative to reinforcement steel. Bamboo has been used in construction

for many years. When fashioned into thin rods, the composite material can be

used as the reinforcing structural matrix for concrete in the same way as steel.

Fibers are generally used as resistance of cracking and strengthening

of concrete. Normally various fibers are used in the concrete mix to attain the
 2

desired strength and resistance.

Compressed Earth Blocks has always been a great material for

construction specially on structures such as pavement and parking lots with its

great ability to let water pass through the cracks. it is also ideal for low level

structures that needs to support compressive strength.

As such, the research on Bamboo fiber as component for earth blocks will

give a significant advantage in the field of construction materials. The abundance

of bamboo with its mechanical properties will enhance the strength of the CEB.

Combined with its abundance, the CEB produce will be strengthen with little

increase in price. Compressed earth blocks with bamboo fiber component will be

a great boost in low-cost housing as well as the ground level structures

especially in rural and sub rural areas.

The researcher wants to study the mechanical behavior of bamboo fiber

as component for Compressed Earth Blocks. From this experimental research,

the researcher wants to identify the possibility of effectively using of ‘Bamboo

fiber' as component to CEB as stated. Similarly, the results to be obtain for

different fiber aspect ratios, will be showed if there is a favorable aspect ratio. An

increase in fiber weight fraction provided a consistent increase in ductility up to

the optimum content (1.0%) with corresponding fiber aspect ratio of Overall, the

study will demonstrate the addition of Bamboo fiber to CEB. If it leads to

improvement of its mechanical properties.

 3

Objectives of The Study

The main objective of this study is to determine the mechanical properties

of compressed earth blocks with bamboo fiber as component. Specifically, it aims

to determine:

a) the compressive strength of the compressed earth blocks,

b) the water absorption of the compressed earth blocks, and

c) the density of the compressed earth blocks.

Expected output

The expected output of this study will be Compressed Earth Block with

Bamboo fiber as component.

Conceptual Framework

A schematic diagram shows the bamboo fiber as a component of

Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB’s). Figure 1 shows the independent and

dependent variables of the study.

 4

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Compressed Earth Blocks

 Without Bamboo Fiber

 With Bamboo Fiber Compressive Strength

Water Absorption
0.50% of the total wt. of the specimen.
Density
1.00% of the total wt. of the specimen.

1.50% of the total wt. of the specimen.

2.00% of the total wt. of the specimen.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Place and Time of The Study

The research will be conducted at University of Southern Mindanao,

College of Industrial Technology with the aid of the laboratory in charge and as

scheduled by the personnel in charge.

 5

Scope and Limitation

This study will focus on the production of Compressed Earth Block with

Bamboo fiber as component. Also, this study will be limited to test the

compressive strength, water absorption, and density of the Compressed Earth

Block with different proportioning of Bamboo fiber, clayey soil and Portland

cement and tests will be based on ASTM Standards.

Operational Definition of Terms

Bamboo Extraction is the process wherein we cut the bamboo from its culm.

After which, we turn them into thin strip.

CEB Molding is a manufacturing process that involves shaping a liquid or

malleable raw material by using a fixed frame; known as either a mold or a

matrix. In this case we are using a hollow chamber to mold or materials

which composed of soil, cement and fiber component.

Compression tests is the test to determine the behavior of our samples

under applied crushing loads using platens or specialized fixtures on a

universal testing machine.

Compressed Earth Block Production is where all the components are put

together with indicated ratio of fiber alongside the soil-cement mix is place

into the pressing chamber and compressed until the block is compact.
 6

Density Test- is a measure of mass per volume. An object made from a

relatively dense material (such as iron) will have less volume than an

object of equal mass from a less dense substance (such as water)

Fiber extraction (from Latin: fibra) is where we cure our bamboo strips with

NaOH for 24 hrs so as to easily separate the fibers. Fibers are often used

in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials

often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-

weight polyethylene.

Water absorption Test is the test to determine the amount of water absorbed by

a material and is calculated as the ratio of the weight of water absorbed to

the weight of the dry material.

.
 7
8

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Bamboo

Bamboo is a form of grass and can grow up to 25m in six months. Each

culm emerges from the ground at its final diameter (i.e., its girth does not

expand during its life), tapering as it increases in height, and growing vertically

through cell-division “telescopically” between the nodes (i.e., the distance

between nodes increases as it grows). Once fully grown, culms typically take

three to five years to mature to full strength, during which they experience

silification and lignification. After a period of five to six years, the culm’s

strength begins to deteriorate.

Worldwide there are around 100 so-called “woody” species suitable for

construction. Clumps (a group of culms growing together) of the larger woody

species normally reach peak production after about seven years and can

maintain regular cropping of around 20-25% throughout their productive

lifecycle. Figure 1 shows a bamboo plantation in Ecuador.

Bamboo is widely used over the world for everything from nourishment

and pharmaceutical to furniture and framework. It tends to develop in a “belt”

running through tropical, subtropical and temperate climates around the globe,
 8

and up to 3500m height. There are more than 1000 species of bamboo in add

up to, broken into two “groups”: herbaceous and woody. The former tends to be

exceptionally small-diameter and take after grasses, whereas the last

mentioned are the more familiar large breadth ones that can be utilized for

development and will be the center of this Technical Note Arrangement. Woody

bamboos can be broadly partitioned into two bunches: clumping and

running1,2. Clumping species grow their modern shoots near to the base of the

existing culm, while running species may send their shoots as distant out as

30m from an existing culm. Woody bamboo distances across shift from 10mm

to 200mm, divider thicknesses from <10% of the external diameter to totally

strong, and culm statures can surpass 30m3.

Natural Fiber

For the past years, a lot of effort has been given towards utilizing

different fibers which are accessible and bounty in tropical and sub-tropical

nations as reinforcements in soil composites for making cost-effective building

materials. Agreeing to Sen and Reddy (2011), Natural fibers are normally used

in weaving, sacking and ropes and have great potential to be used as

reinforcement in composite materials such as earth blocks since they

possessed great physical and mechanical properties, producing a great natural

 9

benefits and low-cost advantage for use as building component.

As a more maintainable elective to cement and bitumen, natural

filaments, such as straw, have been utilized in adobe and other conventional

shapes of earthen constructions for numerous years, to diminish shrinkage

cracking and enhance tensile and compressive strength (G. Bei& I. Papayianni,

2003).

Soil Mixed Condition

According to Deutsche Gesellschaft hide Technische Zusammenarbeit,

the major physical characteristics of a soil suitable in creating compressed soil

blocks are moisture content, grains size, liquid limit, plastic limit and dry

density. The soil mixture that must be used is composed of 15-40 percent non-

expensive clay, 25-40 percent silt powder, and sharp sand to gravel substance

of 40-70 percent. Moreover, the soil which is fitting for stabilizing using cement

ought to have plasticity index of 7% to 29% and liquid of 25% to 50%. Included

to this, Deutsche Gesellschaft hide Technische Zusammenarbeit, moreover

characterized the PI of the blended soil (clay, sediment, and sand/gravel

combined), that it ought to not surpass 12 to 15; that's the distinction the upper

and lower Atterberg limits, as found out by research facility testing.

 10

Soil Stabilization

Chaibeddra and Kharchi (2013) described stabilization as a bunch of

operations, which are used to a soil in enhance its properties, in specific

mechanical behavior and imperishability to water.

Cement is considered a great stabilizer for granular soils and can be

utilized with any soil category but unsatisfactory for clays since more cement is

needed so it is uneconomical. Once the plasticity index surpassed 20, there

was a relentless increment in drying shrinkage with enlarged clay content.

Cement acts to adhere soil particles together while clay minerals disrupt

cement bonding (Walker, 1995).

Cement has the potential to diminish the liquid limit, enhance plasticity

index and enhance the workability of soil. Soil-cement mixture ought to be

compacted straightforwardly after blending in arranges not to break down the

recently made gel that will diminish its quality.

In Compressed Soil blocks, the content of cement cover within the mix

ranges between 2 to 6 percent of the soil dry weight when utilizing machine

presses and 7 to 10 percent when utilizing manual presses (African Regional

Standards for Compressed Earth Blocks, 1996).

 11

Compressed Earth Blocks (Compressed Soil Blocks)

Compressed Earth Blocks (also known as CEB’s) is the advanced relative

of the mouled soil blocks, more commonly known as adobe brick. Soil

compacting in which employs a press upgrades the quality of the material. The

higher procured procured much to compaction altogether increases the

compressive strength of the blocks, as well as their resistance to disintegration

and to water damage (Rigassi V., 1995).

According to Deutsche Gesellschaft hide Technische Zusammenarbeit, the

common dimensions of which distinctive from those of hand- molded soil blocks

or of burnt bricks may change depending on the kind of specially developed

press and mold utilized. Its production has typically used block measurements

consistently with a unit weight within the range of 6 to 8 kg and with the

likelihood of building walls 15, 30 or 45 cm thick.

Standard for Compressed Earth Blocks

According to New Mexico Compressed Earth Block Building Code, a cured unit

shall obtain a minimum compressive strength of 300 lb/in2 or around 2MPa

when tested. It also states that compressed earth blocks shall be tested on flat

and smooth surface. The test unit shall be subjected to uniform compressive
 12

load that gradually increasing at a rate of five hundred (500) psi/min until failure

occurs. A platen should be used in the testing machine together with swivel

head to accommodate nonparallel bearing surface. Its density ranges from

1700kg/m3 to 2000 kg/m3.

In addition, in terms of compressive strength, soil blocks with damp

compressive quality of 2 MPa will be certainly solid and efficient, but when

precipitation is tall, an outside treatment is required. On the other hand, pieces

with compressive qualities within the run of 2.8 MPa or more ought to be

adequate for one to two-story buildings and would certainly not require outside

surface security against antagonistic climate conditions. Since the damp quality

of a compressed will may be less than two-thirds of its dry quality. All

compressive quality tests ought to be carried out on tests which have been

submerged in water for a least of 24 hours after the specified curing period (Dr.

E. A Adam et al., 2001).

Properties of Compressed Soil Block

Earth has the advantage of being reused, hence bricks and blocks made

with soil can return to the earth without contaminating it and can be utilized

once more (Rigassi, 1985). Moreover, the energy prerequisite for creating soil

bricks and blocks is moderately low, about 5 kWh/m^3 as compared to around

 13

1000 kWh/m^3 required for burnt bricks and blocks, and approximately 400-500

kWh/m^3 for concrete production (Al-Sakkaf, 2009).

The common wet compressive stress of compressed soil bocks ranges

from 1-4 Mpa. It depends upon the kind and amount of stabilizer, soil type, and

compaction force utilized to create the blocks. Maximum strength is procured

by appropriate blending of suitable materials and proper compacting and

curing.

Vincent Rigassi (1985) included that in terms of density and water

retention, a good compressed soil block encompasses a density between 1700-

2200 kg/m^3 and ought to assimilate less than 20% of water by weight ratio.

And based on the information on the Compressed Earth Blocks by Auroville

Earth Institute, Water absorption of pure CEB is between 5% to 20% (Auroville

Earth Institute, nd).

Compressed Earth Block Making

According to African Territorial Guidelines for Compressed Soil

Blocks, compressed soil Blocks are as a rule bigger than the conventional burnt

bricks with an ordinary block estimate of 290 mm x 140 mm x 90 mm. Its

generation will require with approximately 7.5 to 8.5 kg of materials. The ideal

water substance is approximately 15% by volume. Compaction strategies

 14

change from foot treading to hand tamping gear, with compacting weights

changing between 0.05 to around 4 MPa. Mechanical hardware may reach

compacting weights of a few thousand MPa. To attain most extreme quality,

compressed earth blocks are required a period of curing, where they are kept

for three weeks.

Related studies:

In the investigation of Humphrey Danso (December 6, 2017), Improving

water absorption of Compressed Earth Blocks upgraded with various regular

fibers, he explored the water opposition of CEBs to disintegration when

strengthened with various normal strands, for example, coconut husk fiber, oil

buddy natural product fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber at 1% added to two

soil tests. In light of the aftereffects of his examination he inferred that despite

the fact that the expansion of filaments in soil blocks doesn't totally keep the

square from disintegration, the effect of the strands on the squares essentially

lessens the disintegration. Moreover, the impact of strands consideration in the

squares is enormously felt at the inner of the squares than on a superficial

level.

Humphrey Danso additionally examined the properties of Coconut, Oil

Palm, and Bagasse fiber as potential structure materials (June 21-23, 2017)
 15

where properties of coconut husk fiber, oil palm natural product fiber and

sugarcane bagasse fiber have been researched. Investigations on length and

measurement, explicit weight, rigidity, modulus of flexibility, dampness

substance and water retention tests on the strands have been led to decide

their properties for conceivable use as fortification in composite. It was

discovered that various strands have various properties and carry on likewise in

wet and soggy conditions. Notwithstanding, all the strands’ types (coconut,

bagasse and oil palm) have a decent gauge for plan and development reason

and are thusly appropriate to be utilized as fortification in composite materials

like soil blocks with the end goal of minimal effort lodging.

In conclusion, on the examination directed by Rakshith Padmini Chikke

Gowda (2016), where blocks were compacted at 10MPa pressure and

arranged by using 7%, 5% and 3% concrete alongside bagasse fiber of

Guayule content going from 0.25% to 2%. The impact of sand/fine substance,

concrete and filaments on toughness and strength of the CSEB blocks were

considered and the outcomes show that the 5% concrete with 0.25% fiber is

equivalent with the compressive strength of square with 7% unadulterated

concrete. Likewise, toughness and dry strength of the squares shows positive

outcomes with 30% fines, 5% concrete and 0.5% strands which fulfilled the

strength necessity given by the norms for material research

 16

Another research: Strength, Sustainability and affordability of Bamboo

and Mud Bricks as Materials used in Local Construction by Mbereyaho Leopold,

Mutabaruka Jean de Dieu, Abaho G. Gershome , Ineza Armel , Ngirabatware

Ezra University of Rwanda, College of Science and Technology, found that

bamboo of which was at slightest as more grounded as other routine materials

was reasonable and maintainable fabric and it can effectively supplant them

where appropriate. In any case, it is exceptionally imperative that bamboo is well

treated in arrange to guarantee its toughness and mechanical execution (Bui Q-

B, 2017), and benefit life of related structures. For the compressed earth blocks,

whereas it is affirmed that these are more grounded than standard earth blocks,

they are still less solid than other sort of bricks and blocks. Be that as it may,

they can be used. (Rwanda Diary of Building, Science, Innovation and

Environment, Volume 2, Issue I, 2019) for distinctive reason as they have a

satisfactory least quality, particularly for straightforward divider structures, and

they are at the same time reasonable and feasible. Utilizing the warm

conductivity in surveying and comparing the level of vitality effectiveness

between it can be said that the examined bamboo was more economical.
 17
19

METHODOLOGY

Materials, tools, and equipment

The materials to be use in this investigation are Ordinary Portland

concrete, clayey soil, bamboo fiber, water, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and oil.

The accompanying instruments that the scientist will utilize are: sifter #4,

#¾ and #1 ¼, Electronic weighing scale, mechanical weighing scale, ruler,

steel tape, calculator, pen, and pencil, scoop, paint brush, hammer, scissors,

plastic sheet, and blade.

The equipment to be operated by are manual-operated press for molder

with compressor and universal testing machine (UTM).

Methods

Preparation of Materials

a) Gathering of Clayey Soil

The dirt will be gathered at a mountain close to President Roxas SDA

Elementary School, President Roxas, Cotabato.
 18

b) Preparation of Clayey Soil

The clayey soil will be tested by the standard soil grouping (American

Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): ASTM

3282-09). The testing will be conducted at Department of Public Works and

Highways (DPWH), Kidapawan City. The soil to be use in making Compressed

Earth Blocks will be dried under the sun subsequent to pummeling and

afterwards will be separated using strainer no. 4.

c) Collection of Bamboo Fiber

The Bamboo fiber to be use will be gathered at a neighborhood quarry

near Kabacan river, Brgy. Aringgay, Kabacan, Cotabato. All from a solitary

bunch.

d) Preparation of Bamboo Fiber

The Bamboo assembled will be washed altogether with faucet water and

will be sun dried for two days. At that point, parting the fiber by marginally

pounding the bamboo at that point cleaving to more modest filaments. The

strands will at that point be sieved utilizing sifter # ¾ (19mm) and # 1 ¼ (31.5

mm). The clean dried fiber will be lowered again to sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

in which in each 300 mL of water, there ought to be 30 grams of NaOH. The

 19

fibers will be lowered for 24 hours then they will be washed with faucet water to

purge them from solution on a superficial level. then it will be dried in a stove at

temperature of 200°C for 30 seconds.

e) Gathering of Ordinary Portland Cement

Ordinary Portland cement will be gathered at NEMO Hardware along National

Highway, Kabacan, North Cotabato.

Molder Specification

The dimensions of the molder will be based on the pressing machine

available in College of Industrial Technology (CIT), USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

 20

Figure 2. Top view of Molder

Figure 3. Isometric View Molder

Proportioning of Dry Materials

The dry materials will be weighed as for their rate. Below will be the

percentage by level of clayey soil, bamboo fiber, and Portland concrete. The

proportioning will be founded on the outcomes and suggestion of the

examination directed by of Anees Raja and Aneel Kumar (January 2018). The

Bamboo fiber will be weighed using an electronic weighing scale to get the

exact weight for each rate and a mechanical weighing scale will be used in

weighing of clayey soil and Portland cement in each combination.

 21

Table 1. Proportioning of dry materials

Treatment Bamboo Fiber (%) Dry Clayey Soil (%) Ordinary Portland
cement (%)

A 0 90 10
aq
B 0.50 89.50 10

C 1 89 10

D 1.5 88.5 10

E 2 88 10

Mixing of Samples

The raw materials will be blended in a compartment physically until the

combination is completely mixed with the regarded sum in each treatment. The

analyst will do five blocks, three replications with the clayey soil blended in with

0%a, 0.50%, 1%, 1.5 %, and 2% individually of bamboo fiber by weight with 10 %

of Portland concrete and 15%.

Molding and Pressing

The mold will be painted with using oil to keep the blend from

adhering to the surface in contact. The combination will be poured in the block
 22

molder and will be pressed using a compressing machine accessible at CIT,

UzSM, Kabacan, Cotabato to frame the 270mm x 150mm x 112mm ( l x w x

h ) blocks.

Curing and Storing

Subsequent to Molding of the Compressed Earth Blocks, the

samples will be set aside and will be quickly wrapped with plastic sheets for

the following 4 days dependent on ASTM D1632-10 to hinder the hydration

rate or to keep the dampness from getting away. The samples will be put away

in a room temperature. After day 4, the examples will be revealed for an

additional 24 days to gradually vanish the water substance of the samples.

The samples will arrive at its greatest strength following 28 days of curing

period.

Preparation of Test Samples

After Curing all the replications, all examples will be marked by the

letter based on weight level of bamboo fiber, clayey soil and Portland concrete

zas appeared in Table 1. The examples will be oppressed for compressive

strength, water retention and thickness test. The examples will be fixed inside
 23

a case loaded up with rice frame while shipping to the testing community.

Compressed Earth Blocks Tests and Procedures

a.) Compression test

Tests will be shaped utilizing the accessible decay at CIT, and will be

tried in the wake of relieving utilizing the pressure machine to decide the

greatest hub loads it can convey as indicated by the standard testing

technique (ASTM C 67-07).

Utilizing the Universal Testing Machine, the samples will be tested

using the compressive strength of tests. The greatest burdens will be recorded

by the PC while testing the examples. The compressive strength of the

example will be produced by the PC.

b.) Water Absorption

The examples will be at first said something kilograms and will be

named as (M1) and will be lowered in clean water for 24 hours. In the wake of

lowering the examples, it will be taken out from the holder. Following 5

minutes of being taken out from the compartment, the examples will be

weighed to decide the amount of watecr installed by the examples and will be

named as (M2) in view of (ASTM C 67-07).

 24

Calculations:

Water Absorption

Water absorption, % by mass, following 24 hours submersion on

water in given by the recipe,

W=(M2-M1)/M1 X100

Where: W = Water Absorption

M1 = Weight in room temperature,

M2 = Weight after submerged in water

Density of The Block

Density of the block Samples will be weighed to obtain its mass (m)

and measured its dimension to obtain its volume (v) based on ASTM C67-07.

Calculations (formula):

ρ=𝐦𝐕

Where: ρ – density

m – mass

v – volume
 25

Note: Mathematically, the density in kg/𝑚3 ; defined as mass in kg divided by

volume in m3 . Tests will be weighed to acquire its mass (m) and estimated its

measurement to get its volume (v) in view of ASTM C67-07.

Exploration Design and Statistical Analysis

This investigation will be conducted using the Randomized Complete

Block Design (RCBD), having five items and three replications. The results of

of the investigation will be A nalyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

and will be additionally investigated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test

(DMRT).

Table 1 which is the Dummy Table shows the information to be

accumulated for compressive strength of the CEB with various weight level of

Bamboo fiber, clayey soil and Ordinary Portland concrete. The Dummy tables

for thickness and water ingestion are the equivalent with the compressive

strength.
26
 27

Experimental Layout

The Experimental Layout utilizes the RCBD or Randomized Complete

Block Design as shown Below.

REP 1 REP 2 REP 3

A R1 A R2 A R3

B R1 B R2 B R3

C R1 C R2 C R3

D R1 D R2 D R3

E R1 E R2 E R3
 28

Literature Cited

Al-Kassaf, A. (2009), Strength Characteristics of Compressed Stabilize Earth

Blocks made with Regional Soil, pp1

Amdam, E., (2001), Compressed Stabilised Earth Block, Manufacture Sudan,

pp5-7

Bei, g. & Papayianni, I., (2003), Compressive Strength of Compressed Eath

Block, Masonry Proceedings of Conference on Structure Studies,
Repairs and Maintainace of Heritage Architecture, VII WII, Bath, UK, pp
367-1628.

Chaibeddra and Kharchi (2013), Sustainability of Stabilised Earth Blocks to

Water Erosion, pp1

Danso, H. (2017), Improving Water Resistance of Compressed Earth Blocks,

pp 433

Danso, H. (2017), Properties of Coconut oil Palm and Bagasse Fibre as

Potential Building Material, pp 1-3

Gowda R. (2016), Experimental Study of Cement Stabilised Fiber Reinforce

Compressed earth Blocks as an Alternative Building Material, pp2-127.

Kabiru, M. (2010), Strength and Fracture of Earth-based and Natural Fiber-

reinforced Composite, M.Sc. Thesis, African University of Science and
Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.

Mbereyaho, L. Et al, (2017), Strength, Sustainability and Affordability of

Bamboo and Mud bricks as Material used in Local Construction.

Rigassi, V.; CRATerre-EAG. Compressed Earth Blocks: Manual of Production;

Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien—GATE: Eschborn,
Germany, 1985; Volume I, ISBN 3528020792.

Sen and Reddy (2011), Effects of Sugar Cane Bagasse Fibre on Strength
Property of Soil Blocks.

Walker, P., (1995), Properties of Some Cement Stabilised Compressed Earth

Blocks and MortRS, Material Structure 30, pp545-551.
 29

APPENDICES
 30
Appendix A. Application for Research Adviser

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH ADVISER

Date: ____________

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR

Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering and Information Technology
USM, Kabacan, Cotabato

Sir / Madam:

I would like to request that you will be my Research adviser

effective 1st semester, SY 2020-2021. I intend to work on Engineering
Material.

I am hoping for your most favorable approval on this request. Thank you very
much.

Very truly yours,

CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Printed Name and Signature of Student

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL NOTED

ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO

Department Research Coordinator Department Chairperson
_______________ _______________
Date Date

APPROVED

ENGR. SAQUE J AMILBAHAR

Adviser

_______________
Date
 31

Appendix B. Application for Research Title

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPLICATION FOR RESEARCH TITLE

Date: ___________
ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO
Chairperson, Department of Civil Engineering

SIR:
I would like to request your office to allow me to research on the
study entitled “BAMBOO (BAMBUSOIDAE) FIBER AS COMPONENT FOR
COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS”.

The study has the following objectives:

1. To determine the effects of using bamboo fiber as component for
Compressed Earth Blocks;
2. To determine the compressive strength of the block; and
3. To determine the water absorption of the block.

Very truly yours,

CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Printed Name and Signature of Student

NOTED

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR _______________

Adviser Date

ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN _______________

Department Research Coordinator Date

DR. MARILYN S. PAINAGAN _______________

College Research Coordinator Date
REMARKS:
APPROVED

ENGR.CRISTOPHER A. BENITO _______________

Department Chairperson Date
 3
2
Appendix C. Estimated Budget of the Research

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

ESTIMATED BUDGET OF THE RESEARCH

Title of the Study: BAMBOO (BAMBUSOIDAE) FIBER AS COMPONENT FOR

COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS

ITEMS/DESCRIPTION ESTIMATED
COST
I.PERSONAL SERVICES
1. Statistician 200.00
2. Technical Editor 250.00
3. Assistants 500.00
4. Labor 2,500.00
5. Sub-total 3,450.00

II. MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING EXPENSES 5,000.00

(MOE)
1. Travel 5,000.00
2. Materials and Supplies 2,000.00
3. Testing
4. Sundry (Binding and reproduction)
a. Outline 1,000.00
b. Manuscript 1,000.00
5. Contingency (10% of MOE) 1,400.00

Sub-total 15,400.00
Grand Total 18,850.00

Very truly yours,

CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Printed Name and Signature of Student

NOTED

ENGR.SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR _________

Adviser Date

ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN _________

Department Research Coordinator Date

_________
ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO Date
Department Chairperson
 33
Appendix D. Application for Thesis Outline Defense

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPLICATION FOR THESIS OUTLINE DEFENSE

Name CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO
Degree/Major BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Thesis Title BAMBOO (BAMBUSOIDAE) FIBER AS COMPONENT FOR
COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS
Date of Examination 2021.01.07
Time 2:30 PM
Place CE-LABORATORY

MEMBERS OF THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

Name Signature Date

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR
ENGR CRISTOPHER A. BENITO
ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR

Adviser

APPROVED:

ENGR. SAQUE J. AMLIBAHAR ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO

Statistician Department Chairperson
(Optional)

ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN

Department Research Coordinator

REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION

Name Signature Date
ENGR. SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR
ENGR. CRISTOPHER A. BENITO
ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN

APPROVED:

ENGR. RONALD A. GARBIN

Department Research Coordinator

Date
 34

Appendix E. Gantt Chart of Activities for the Study

MONTH AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

WEEK 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd

ACTIVITY
Application for
Research Adviser
Application for
Research Title

Title Defense

Submission of Letter
for Conduct and
Testing
Making of Thesis
Outline
Statistician
Consultation

Adviser Consultation

Application for
Thesis Outline
Defense

Outline Defense

Outline Routing

Submission of
Thesis Outline

MONTH JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY

WEEK 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd

ACTIVITY
Conduct of Thesis

Encoding of Results

Making of
Manuscript
Statistician
Consultation

Adviser Consultation

Application for
Manuscript Defense

Manuscript Defense

Manuscript Routing

Submission of
Manuscript
 35

Appendix F. Approval of Thesis Outline

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines

APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE

Date: _____________

Research Proposal/Outline Research Manuscript

Name: CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Course: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Thesis Title: BAMBOO (BAMBUSOISAE) FIBER AS COMPONENT
FOR COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS
Research Design: RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN (RCBD)
Statistical Analysis: ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)

Requested by: Noted by:

CHINNEY IRISH LEE F. PELAYO SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR

Researcher Adviser

I certify that the statistical treatment to be used for this research is appropriate and
valid.

SAQUE J. AMILBAHAR
Statistician
 36

CURRICULUM VITAE CHINNEY

IRISH LEE F. PELAYO

Purok 16, Poblacion, President Roxas, North Cotabato
0967-2012-721 0950-5008-484
[email protected]
[email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

BIRTHDAY: March 14, 1996

BIRTHPLACE: Poblacion, President Roxas,
Cotabato AGE: 25
RELIGION: Seventh-Day Adventist
CIVIL STATUS: Single
FATHER’S NAME: Fernando M. Pelayo
MOTHER’S NAME: Merla F. Pelayo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

TERTIARY: University of Southern Mindanao – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato
2013-Present

SECONDARY SCHOOL: President Roxas, National High School

Poblacion, President Roxas, North Cotabato Batch Salutatorian
2009-2013

ELEMENTARY: President Roxas SDA Elementary School

President Roxas, North Cotabato Class Valedictorian
2003-2009

SKILLS:

Auto-Cad Manipulation Crafting Gantt Chart

Communication Skills Staad Manipulation
Computer Literate Social Skills Sketch-Up
Design Clerical Skills Organizational Skill