Detailed Lesson Plan in

Mathematics 9

I. Learning Objectives

A. Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of
variations.
B. Performance Standard
The learners are able to construct accurately examples of variations
that represent real-life situations.
C. Learning Competencies
The learners illustrate situations that involve the following variations a) direct, b)
inverse, c) joint, and d) combined variations. (M9AL-IIa-1)
D. Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
1. identify the direct and inverse variations;
2. illustrate situations involving direct and inverse variation; and
3. relate the concept of direct and inverse variations in real-life
situation.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Illustrating situations involving Direct and Inverse variation.

B. References: DepEd Learner’s Material for Mathematics Grade 9 pp. 194-
219
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation and other Vvisual Aids
D. Concepts: Direct variation is the relation between two quantities in which
an increase in one quantity produces an increase in another quantity and
their ratio remains the same.
Inverse variation states that an increase in one quantity produces a decrease
in another quantity.

E. Skills and processes to be Developed: Knowing and Understanding,

Visualizing and Modelling
F. Values Integration: Objectivity and Accuracy
G. Methodology: 4As (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction and Application)
H. Time Frame: 20 minutes
 III. INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES
Time and Teachers’ Activities Students’ Activities
IMs Used

A. Preliminary Activities

1. Prayer
Before we start, let’s have first our prayer.
Can you lead us into prayer, Anna.

In the Name of the Father, and

of the Son, and of the Holy
2. Greetings Spirit…
Good Morning Class! I feel so great
to meet you all. I hope everyone is
ready to listen and participate in
our discussion.

3. Checking of Attendance
Good morning, Ma’am!
Do we have absentees today?

That’s great, I’m glad that everyone is here

today! None, Ma’am!

Yes, Ma’am!

2 minutes 5. Motivation

5 minutes Before we proceed to our discussion,

Powerpoint we will have a short activity called “Raise
Presentatio your Flags”. Here are the instructions. I will
n be posting the situation and you are to
raise a flag “GREEN FLAG” if you AGREE
with the situation while in “RED FLAG” if
you disagree. Are you ready?
Are the instruction are clear?
Let us start. Yes Ma’am! We are ready!
1. The more people sharing a ride, the
lesser the amount of individual
share on the gas.
You can now plug in your answer.

Let us see if your answers are correct.

Great almost all of you got the correct Green Flag
answer.

2. The less time you study, the lower

scores you will get in the exam.
You can now plug in your answer.

Let us see if your answers are correct.

Some of you answers the red flag, and
some of you got the correct answer. Green flag

3. The more clothes you purchase in a

Shoppe store, the less money it will
cost.

Good Job my dear students! Thank

you for your active participation. I
hope this game is a good start for
the smooth flow of our discussion
Red Flag

B. Presentation of the Topic

Our topic for today is Illustrating situations

involving direct and inverse variation.

a.Presentation of the Lesson In this lesson, the students

Objectives must be able to:
As we dig deeper in our discussion
here are the target learning a. identify the direct and
objectives. Can you read them, inverse
Rey?
variations;

b. illustrate situations
 involving direct and inverse
variation; and

c. relate the concept of

direct and inverse variations in
real-life situation.

C. Unlocking Difficulties

Here is the key term that you will

encounter in our discussion. Can
someone read the vocabulary? Yes
Ms. Jean.
Variation – the relationship
between quantities in which a
change in one quantity
produces a change in another
quantity.

Thank you.

D. Lesson Proper
1. Activity

Let us have an activity called 3 T’s:

Think Two or Trees

I would like to mention the House

Bill 8728 or the Graduation Legacy
for the Environment Act. It is a bill
that requires every graduating
student to plant 10 trees before
their graduation.

Now, let us say we have 2

graduates? What will be the
number of planted trees?

It will be 20 planted trees.

8 minutes That’s correct. Since the graduates are doubled,
Power the number of planted trees will also be doubled.
point
Presentati Let us say the graduates are tripled, how many
on will be the number of planted trees?

30 planted trees.
Yes, it will also be tripled. How about 10
graduates? How many will be the number of
planted trees?
100 planted trees.
Precisely. Thank you so much for your active
participation.

2. Analysis

Now, what did you discover on the situation?

What happen to the one quantity if the other
quantity change? In the situation, as the
number of graduates
increases, the number of
planted trees also
increases.
Very good. The situation illustrates the concept
of variation. It is a relationship of variables.

4. Abstraction
Now, let’s talk about direct variation. Can
someone read the definition of direct variation?
Mr. John, please read.
Direct Variation

It is a relationship between
two quantities, x and y,
where, as x increases y
also increases or as y
decreases, x also
decreases, and the ration
between them is constant
or the same for all given
values of the variables.
Thank you so much my dear student.

Therefore, if y varies directly as x, then we say y

=
kx or k = 𝑦 and k is called the constant of
variation.

The statements:

“y varies directly as x”
Y is directly proportional to x”
“y is proportional to x”

Let us consider these variables as an example

Number of Guava 3 5 10

Bought (n)

Total Cost (c) 45 75 150

In the table, the “total cost paid” is related to the

“number of oranges bought”. In this situation as
illustrated in the table, as the number of oranges
bought increases, the total cost paid also
increases based on the fix price per orange.

When we say the ratio is constant, the ratio of

each pair of number is the same. The constant
ratio here is 15. Therefore, the total cost paid ©
varies directly to the number of oranges (n)
bought. In mathematical symbol, it is c=15n.

Do you understand?
Yes, Ma’am!

Let us take a look at some of the examples.

Let us examine this pair of variables.

Electric bill and Electric Energy Consumption

Supposed that the rate for electric energy

consumption is Php 8.59 kWh, and the actual
consumption for this month is 200 kWh. What will
happen to the electric bill if actual energy
consumption of 200 kWh will increases?

As we consume an electric
energy the electric bill will
increase.
Very good my dear student. Therefore, as the
electric energy consumed increases, the electric
bill also increases.

Let us answer this another example, John.

The commission © of a salesman varies directly

to the amount of his sales (S). How will his
commission change when his sales are doubled,
Sarah?

The commission is also

doubled.
That’s correct.
All of the examples explain the concepts of the
direct variation.
Let’s move on with the inverse variation. Can
someone read the statement, Pedro.

Inverse Variation
It involves a relation of two
quantities, x and y, where
in, as x increases y
decreases, or when y
increases x decreases,
and that their product
remains constant.
Thank you.

So, if “y varies inversely as x” or “y inversely

proportional to x” , then the equation will be y =
𝑘
𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦 where k is the constant of variation
𝑥
or constant of relationship.
The statements:
“y varies inversely to x”
“y is inversely proportional to x”

To better understand, let us have an example.

Speed ( 25 50 75 100
x) in kp
h

Time (y) 12 6 4 3
in hour
s
When we say the product is constant, the
product of the pair of numbers is the same. The
constant here is 300.
In the table, the set of values of speed and time
are related in such a way that as the speed
increases, the time decreases.
Therefore, we can say that the time varies
inversely to the speed of the car.
Let us try another example.
1. At constant temperature, the volume (V) of a
gas varies inversely to the pressure (P). What
happens to the volume when the pressure
increases?
Please answer, Jerry.
Since the volume varies
inversely with the
pressure, then the volume
decreases as the pressure
increase.
Great Job, Jerry. That’s all about the inverse
variation.
Is there any clarification about direct and inverse
variation?

None Ma’am.
That’s nice. I hope you already understand the
underlying concepts.
4. Application

Since you already know the direct and inverse

variation, let’s have an activity called POV:
Points of Variations. I will be posting statements
and you are to identify if the statement describes
Direct or
Inverse Variation. You scan raise your hand if
you know the correct answer. Are we clear with
that?

1. “y varies directly as x” Direct

or Inverse?
Yes, John

Very Good John.

 Yes Ma’am! Direct Ma’am.

2. “y varies inversely to x”

Direct or Inverse?

Yes, Anna.
Inverse Ma’am
Good Job Anna.

3. “y is directly proportional to x” Direct

or Inverse?

Yes, Jess. Direct Ma’am

Well done, Jess. The statement describes

direct variation.

4. “y is inversely proportional to x
Direct or Inverse?
Inverse Ma’am
Yes, Juan.

Very Good Juan. The statement describes

inverse variation.

5. “y is proportional to x” Direct or
Inverse?

Yes, Sarah.

Great Job. The statement describes direct

variation.

Job well done my dear students. Points for

participation will be added to your recitation.

1 minute E. Generalization

Now, what should you remember about direct

variation and inverse variation?

Direct variation is the

relation between two
 quantities in which an
increase in one quantity
produces an increase in
another quantity and that
their ratio remains the
same. The inverse
variation states that an

increase in one quantity

produces a decrease in
another quantity.

Very Good. Do you have any clarifications or

questions about our topic today? None, Ma’am!

Great, I am happy that you get the underlying

concepts for today’s discussion.

1 minute F. Valuing

Now, who can share experience or situation that

applies any of the two types of variation?

In our daily lives, we notice

many examples of
variations. For example,
we can use variations in
decision-making such as
in buying goods, travelling,
cooking, and many more

Very well said. Through variations, we can learn

how a change in one quantity could correspond
to a predictable change in the others.
IV. EVALUATION

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. How does the number of men working varies to the number of machines used?
A. Directly
B. Indirectly
C. Inversely
D. Jointly
2. Which of the following illustrates joint variation?
A. y = kwx
B. y = 𝑘
𝑤𝑥

C. y = 𝑘𝑥
𝑤
D. k = xyw
3. If m varies directly to n, what happens to m when n is halved?
A. Doubled
B. Halved
C. Quadrupled
D. Remains the same
4. The amount of tickets in a cinema varies as the number of people who
watched it. If the number of increases, what will be the effect in the amount of
tickets?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Doubled
D. Remains the same
5. The amount of gasoline used by a car varies directly to its distance travelled
and the square root of the speed. What kind of variation illustrates this statement?
A. Direct
B. Inverse
C. Joint
D. Combined

Expected Answers
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C
 V. ASSIGNMENT
A. Analyze and answer the following situation as indicated.

1. If your income is constant, what will happen to your savings when your expenses
increase?
2. The price of a certain commodity varies inversely with the supply. If the supply
decreases, what will happen to the price?
3. If y varies directly to x, how is y changed if x is increased by 10%?
4. If you eat more than what your body needs, what will happen to your weight?

B. Study and have an advance reading about joint and combined variation.

Prepared by:

JEVEA R. PAROL
Practice Teacher