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4 Hyperbola

The document defines hyperbolas and discusses their key properties and components. It provides examples of converting general hyperbola equations to standard form and finding the center and equation of a hyperbola given properties like the coordinates of its foci.

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miggy salty
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8 views

4 Hyperbola

The document defines hyperbolas and discusses their key properties and components. It provides examples of converting general hyperbola equations to standard form and finding the center and equation of a hyperbola given properties like the coordinates of its foci.

Uploaded by

miggy salty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYPERBOLA

GRADE 11 – PRECALCULUS
LESSON 4
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

1.Define a hyperbola.
2.Determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola.
DEFINITION:
A hyperbola is a set of all
coplanar points such that
the difference of its
distances from two fixed
points is constant. The
fixed points are called the
foci of the hyperbola.
POINTS TO REMEMBER:

qThe distance from the center to any of the vertices is 𝒂.


qThe distance from the center to any of the co-vertices is 𝒃.
qThe distance from the center to any of the foci is 𝒄.
q𝒄 > 𝒂
qIn hyperbola, the focal distance is 𝒄 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 while in
ellipse the focal distance is 𝒄 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
q The intersection of two axes of symmetry is
the center of the hyperbola. The center is
the midpoint between two foci.
q The hyperbola intersects the focal axis in two
points called vertices. These vertices are the
endpoints of a segment called the transverse
axis. The center is also the midpoint between
two vertices.
q The axis that contains the foci, center, and
vertices of the hyperbola is referred to as
focal axis or principal axis.
q Conjugate axis is a line segment
perpendicular to the transverse axis at the
center.
q A segment passing through a focus of the
hyperbola that is perpendicular to the focal
axis is called the latus rectum.
H
Y
P
E
R
B
O
L
A
EXAMPLE: CONVERT THE GENERAL EQUATION
𝟗𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒 TO STANDARD FORM

SOLUTION:
𝟗𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒
9𝑦 " 16𝑥 " 144
− =
144 144 144
𝑦" 𝑥"
− =1
16 9
EXAMPLE:
CONVERT THE
GENERAL EQUATION
TO STANDARD FORM
𝒚𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟎
TRY THIS!
Convert the general equation to its standard form:
𝟐 𝟐
𝟗𝒚 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒙 − 𝟓𝟒𝒚 − 𝟓𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎

Answer:
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚−𝟑 𝒙−𝟒
− =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟗
EXAMPLE: WHAT IS THE CENTER OF THE HYPERBOLA IF THE
FOCI HAS COORDINATES (4,8.83) AND (4, −2.83)?

Solution:
Note that the center is the midpoint between the two foci.
4 + 4 8.83 + −2.83 8 6
, = , = 4,3
2 2 2 2
The center has coordinates (4,3)
EXAMPLE: DETERMINE THE EQUATION OF THE HYPERBOLA WITH FOCI AT (9,2)
AND −1,2 , WHOSE LENGTH OF TRANSVERSE AXIS IS 8 UNITS LONG.
Identify the center by finding the midpoint between the two foci:
9 + −1 2 + 2 8 4
, = , = 4, 2
2 2 2 2
Equation of the hyperbola:
Thus, the center has coordinates (4,2).
Length of transverse axis is 2𝑎 = 8 ⇒ 𝑎 = 4 𝑥−4 " 𝑦−2 "

Solving for 𝑐 we need to find the distance between the two foci:
− =1
16 9
+ +
2𝑐 = 9 − −1 + 2−2 = 10+ + 0+ = 100 = 10

2𝑐 = 10 ⟺ 𝑐 = 5
Solving for 𝑏:𝑐 + = 𝑎+ + 𝑏 + ⟺ 𝑏 + = 𝑐 + − 𝑎+ ⇔ 𝑏 = 𝑐 + − 𝑎+
𝑏= 5+ − 4+ = 25 − 16 = 9 = 3
TRY THIS!
𝒚#𝟑 𝟐 𝒙#𝟒 𝟐
DISCUSS THE HYPERBOLA: − =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟗
Solution:
Endpoints of Latera Recta:
𝑎! = 25 ⇒ 𝑎 = 5
𝑏! = 9 ⇒ 𝑏 = 3 𝑏! 9
𝐸" ℎ + , 𝑘 + 𝑐 = 4 + , 3 + 5.83 = 5.8, 8.83
𝑐= 𝑎! + 𝑏! = 25 + 9 = 34 ≈ 5.83 𝑎 5

Center: C ℎ, 𝑘 = (4,3) 𝑏! 9
𝐸! ℎ − , 𝑘 + 𝑐 = 4 − , 3 + 5.83 = 2.2, 8.83
Foci: 𝐹" ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑐 = 4, 3 + 5.83 = 4, 8.83 𝑎 5
𝐹! ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑐 = 4, 3 − 5.83 = 4, −2.83 𝑏! 9
𝐸# ℎ + , 𝑘 − 𝑐 = 4 + , 3 − 5.83 = 5.8, −2.83
𝑎 5
Vertices: 𝑉" ℎ, 𝑘 + 𝑎 = 4, 3 + 5 = 4,8
𝑏! 9
𝑉! ℎ, 𝑘 − 𝑎 = 4, 3 − 5 = 4, −2 𝐸$ ℎ − , 𝑘 − 𝑐 = 4 − , 3 − 5.83 = 2.2, −2.83
𝑎 5
Endpoints of Conjugate Axis:
Length of Transverse Axis: 2𝑎 = 2 5 = 10
𝐵" ℎ + 𝑏, 𝑘 = 4 + 3, 3 = 7,3 Length of Conjugate Axis: 2𝑏 = 2 3 = 6
𝐵! ℎ − 𝑏, 𝑘 = 4 − 3, 3 = 1,3
THANK YOU!

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