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Seperation, Segregation and Securing of Cargoes

The document discusses segregation, separation and securing of cargoes. It explains the need to segregate and separate cargoes to avoid chemical reactions, tainting, foul smells and wrong discharge. Methods of separation include separation cloth, tarpaulin, marking and natural/artificial bulkheads. Cargoes must also be properly secured to prevent shifting using dunnage, blocking, shoring, chocking and lashing.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
21 views24 pages

Seperation, Segregation and Securing of Cargoes

The document discusses segregation, separation and securing of cargoes. It explains the need to segregate and separate cargoes to avoid chemical reactions, tainting, foul smells and wrong discharge. Methods of separation include separation cloth, tarpaulin, marking and natural/artificial bulkheads. Cargoes must also be properly secured to prevent shifting using dunnage, blocking, shoring, chocking and lashing.

Uploaded by

mecete8514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

Segregation, Separation
and Securing of Cargoes
Capt. S. Viswanathan
Segregation, separation
• Segregation – separate and treat them separately
• Separation – separate and treat them same.
• To avoid chemical reaction
• To avoid tainting of cargoes
• To avoid tainting of cargoes by foul smells.
• To avoid wrong discharge of cargoes
• Dry – tea bags with rice bags, wet – oil in cans with grains, delicate –
electronic goods, dirty – grease cargoes, valuable – silver, cars
• Separation by separation cloth, tarpaulin or marking
Segregation, separation
• IMDG has 9 classes and to be segregated based on the nature by
• 1. Away from – horizontally 3m
• 2. Separated from – separated by a bulkhead, on deck 6m horizontal
separation
• 3. separated by a complete compartment from – one bulkhead
separation and on deck 12m horizontal separation
• 4. separated longitudinally by a compartment – two bulkhead
separation and on deck 24m and intervening compartment
Separation of cargoes for different ports
• By separation cloths either horizontal or vertical.
• By marking of the cargoes.
• By natural bulkhead
• Artificial division by wood partitions
Dunnages
• These are wooded pieces, flat type
or square types used with cargo
loading.
• To avoid cargo contact with steel
plate
• To allow proper ventilation
• To allow spread of weight evenly
• To allow air circulation and avoid
sweat
• To allow water drainage
• To allow easy loading and unloading
• To increase friction with the bottom
• To separate the cargoes
• To avoid cargo shift transversely.
Cargo shift
Cargo shifting causes
stability loss- loss of vessel
Damages to cargoes –
toppling
Can be avoided through
proper securing
Happening to containers,
break bulk cargoes and
bulk cargoes
Cargo securing manual can
be considered for
securing arrangements
Securing of cargoes
• Blocking – use dunnage to
avoid shifting of cargoes
• Shoring – use of dunnages
between cargoes to avoid
shifting side wise
• Chocking – to fill the gap to
avoid shifting
• Trimming of cargoes – even
distribution of cargoes in bulk
carriers for avoiding
distribution of cargoes
Chocking and shoring of cargoes
Securing of cargoes
• Heavy load securing –
wooded dunnages in the
bottom, securing of
bottom to the strong
points.
• Securing of top to avoid
toppling, the number of
lashings is depending on
the total weight of the
cargo
Heavy lift cargo securing

1. The number of lashing gears are to be


sufficient for the load
2. Lashing points shall be strong enough for
lashing
3. The centre of gravity must be known prior
securing the cargo
4. Bottom load shall be spread by using the
dunnage.
5. Regular inspection at sea must be done.

6. The securing manual hall be considered


prior securing.
Vehicle lashing
• Vehicles securing –
secured to the point on
ships, in f&a direction
and athwardship
direction, chocking under
the tyres, mostly belts
are used
Container securing
• Containers – special
securing gears are
used such as lashing
bars, twist locks,
stacking cones, bridge
fittings, turn buckles
Lashing code
• Code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing (CSS code),
adopted in November 1991.
• To construct the vessel with suitable securing arrangements for the
intended cargo
• To advise proper securing means to the vessel
• Provide general advise to the ship owners
• Advise action on heavy seas conditions
Lashing code
• Action to be taken after cargo shifting
• Cargo unit means vehicles, containers, Intermediate bulk containers,
portable tank containers, unit loads etc.
• Forces acting – transverse, longitudinal and vertical
• Behaviour of the cargo – heavy lift, pipes, palleted cargoes, liquid
cargoes, cargoes on wheel
• Cargo securing manual shall be provided
Cargo securing manuals
• Specifies securing arrangements and securing devices available on
ships for correct applications to secure cargoes based on transverse,
longitudinal and vertical forces.
• Information on the strength and instructions for use and
maintenance is given in the manual.
• Maximum securing load (MSL) is the load limit of the equipment up
to which the gear can be used safely.
Cargo securing manuals
• Cargo securing manual approved by administration
• Contains ships data, general definition, principal sources of danger
• Securing devices and arrangements – fixed and portable securing
devices and their inspection procedures
• Stowage and securing of cargoes – handling and safety instructions,
general principal in cargo securing, securing devices, evaluation of
forces on the cargoes, calculations of forces action on non-
standardized cargoes, rule of thump for securing
Contents of Cargo securing manual
• Securing Devices and • Stowage of Non Standardized
Arrangements Cargo
• Stowage and Securing • Fixed Securing Devices
• Stowage of Coiled Sheet Steel • Portable Securing Devices
• Stowage of Heavy Metal • Securing Calculations
Products • Acceleration Values
• Stowage of Anchor Chains • Calculation for the captioned
• Stowage of Logs under deck vessel
• Stowage of Unit Loads • Plans
Questions
• What is the need for separation of cargoes? Discuss
• What is the need for segregation of cargo? Explain
• How do you separate valuable cargoes?
• How do you separate cargoes for different ports?
• What are the uses of dunnage?
• How dunnage help in safe carriages of cargoes? Explain.
• Explain cargo shifting and how it occurs?
• Explain blocking, chocking and lashing.
• Explaining shoring of cargoes?
• What is trimming of cargoes?
• Thank you

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