Biospectra : Vol. 11(2), September, 2016, pp.

47-50 Enviromental Science

ISSN : 0973-7057

Physicochemical analysis of water of Shiv Ganga Water, Deoghar

Jharkhand

Saloni Swaroopa* Arshia Naaz & A.K Chowdhary

Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Jharkhand, India

Received : 20th June, 2016; Revised: 26th August, 2016

Abstract : The objective of the present study is to determine various Physico - chemical parameters and its suitability
for human consumption and domestic purposes and for agriculture. Polluted water will be analyzed for physiochemical
characteristics (APHA, AWWA 1992)

Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, encroachment, eutrophication, periurbanization, ISSI (Indian Standard

Specification for drinking water), APHA, T.D.S., B.O.D., C.O.D. desirable limit, eutrophic.

INTRODUCTION metals. This river also get polluted due to pilgrims taking
bath there, excessive disposable of flower etc. The old
Pollution is defined as “the introduction by man into
name of Shivaganga is Varvoghar kund. It is situated just
the environment of substance or energy liable to cause
200 meters away from the Baidyanath temple.
hazards to human health, harm to living resources and
Materials and method- To meet the objective of
ecological damage, or interference with legimate uses of
the present work the experiment were conducted in the
the Environment” (Holdgate, 2003). Water is one of the
Lab of University dept of Botany, Ranchi University Ranchi.
most important natural resources without which life on
Following material and methodology will be adopted for
Earth/planet cannot be imagined. We depend upon water
the experiment.
for drinking, washing, bathing, irrigation, industries,
Sample collection: Polluted water from Shive
domestic needs, farming, shipping, sanitation, and disposal
Ganga Doeghar Jharkhand
wastages. Water bodies like ponds, rivers, impoundment,
Methodology. Polluted water will be analyzed for
lakes etc came being in different ways and at different
physiochemical characteristics (APHA, AWWA 1992)1
times. Corresponding author: ph no-09955987291.
The parameters to be studied will be:-
Area of investigation- Deoghar is a holy city located
Physical analysis of polluted water: Appearance,
in Jharkhand state, due to Baidyanathdham temple which
colour, odour and pH, Suspended solids.etc
is one of the one jyotirlinga among all 12 jyotirlinga across
the India. Here in the month of sawan millions of pilgrims Physico chemical analysis of polluted water:
are used to come. Near the temple there is a holy river TDS, TSS, Conductivity, Turbidity, BOD, COD,Oil grease,
called Shive Ganga which is get polluted due to excessive free CO2, Sulphate, Chloride, Dissolved phosphate, DO,
discharge of sindur.which led to the increase the heavy NTU(Nephalometric Turbidity Unit), Ammonical nitrogen,
nitrate, photosynt-hetic rate, Acidity, Total hardness as
*Corresponding author :
the water sample, Total Kjeldal Nitrogen, Alkality, etc
Phone:
E-mail : [email protected]
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 Biospectra : Vol. 11(2), September, 2016, Special issue.

Biochemical Analysis of sample: Samples for solid (T.D.S.) by pen type TDS meter. For chemical
analysis with standard procedure in accordance with variables of water like total alkalinity and total hardness
standard method.1,11 The instruments has used in the limit etc, the samples were collected in B.O.D. bottle, stored at
of precise accuracy and chemicals used of G.R. Grade. 4 C and analysed in laboratory. The T-H, Ca-H, Mg-H has
Sampling was done at regular intervals of every month. measured titrimetrically by using EDTA, Chloride by
At sampling site various physical parameters like Mohr’s Argentrometric titration and K2CrO4 as indicator,
appearance, colour, odour, pH and temperature has been Total alkalinity has determined by titrimetric methods using
observed and noted down on the spot immediately after phenophthalein and methyl orange indicators. Sulphate,
the collection. Air and water temperature by mercury phosphate, Chloride and Nitrate measured by
thermometer, pH by digital pH meter and total dissolved spectrophotometer.

Observation- OBSERVATIONS
Table 1: Showing the Physico - chemical analysis of water of Shiv ganga.

PARAMETERS UNITS Desirable Limit SAMPLES

MAX MIN AVG
Temperature 0C Shall not exceed 50C 29 18.9 23.95
above the receiving
water temperature
pH — 6.5-8.5 7.81 7.34 7.57
Turbidity NTU 5-10 60.9 5.94 33.42
Total Solid ppm 500-600 610 478 544
Total Alkalinity ppm 200-600 200 145 172.5
Hardness ppm 300-600 130 62 96
Ca hardness ppm 75 43.40 97.80 74.86
Mg hardness ppm 30 6.50 26.10 16.35
Sulphate ppm 150 145 91 118
Phosphate ppm 5 6 0.34 3.17
Chloride ppm 250 185 142 163.5
Nitrate ppm 50 4 0.7 2.35
B.O.D ppm 30 51 0.34 25.67
C.O.D ppm 250 312 30 171
Values in ppm

Values in ppm

Fig 1: Histogram showing deviations in B.O.D. Fig 2: Histogram showing deviations in

and C.O.D. Shiv ganga water. Sulphate, Chloride and Nitrate in Shiv ganga water.

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Swaroopa, Naaz, Chowdhary : Physicochemical analysis of water of Shiv Ganga Water, Deoghar Jharkhand

with run-off rainwater from the polluted soil. Rainfall is

responsible for increasing the nitrates in water. 14
More growth of micro organisms, plants and animals
depletes oxygen. There is entry of sewage rich in bacteria.
Values in ppm

So the bacteria utilized the dissolved oxygen by the process

of biodegradation. In oligotrophic water bodies, the amount
of dissolved nutrient, salts remains low, therefore it
supports spare plant and animal lives. This result in high
Fig 3: Histogram showing deviations in T-H, dissolved oxygen gradually increased with depth. Besides
Ca-H and Mg-H, alkalinity of shiv ganga water. in eutrophic water bodies, the organic matter accumulate
abundantly which in turn are subjected to microbial
S.V. = Standard Values, O.V.=Observed Values decomposition. Therefore in Shiv ganga water lower
values of B.O.D. and C.O.D. indicate the eutrophication
of Shiv ganga due to anthropogenic activities. The factors
RESULT
on which BOD depends are concentration of organic
The present study has provided information about matter, temperature, plankton population, density and
the variation in water characteristics of Shiv ganga. General population of micro-organisms. 15 The analysis of sample
observations showed that water samples of Shiv ganga water of Shiv ganga was done, following the standard
are translucent in appearance, light green in colour, salty methods recommended. 16
in taste and its odour is musty. All values of studied In the present study some of the parameters are found
parameters are present as follows pH 7.57, temperature within the prescribed limits of IS : 10500 e.g. pH,
23.95 C, turbidity 33.42 NTU, T.D.S. 544 ppm, total temperature, T.D.S., Ca-H While most are beyond the
alkalinity 172.5 mg/l, hardness 96, calcium 74.86 mg/l, limits alkalinity, T-H, Mg-H, Sulphate, Phosphate, Chloride,
magnesium 16.35 mg/l, sulphate 118 mg/l, phosphate 3.17 Nitrate, B.O.D., C.O.D.
mg/l, chloride 163.5mg/l, nitrate 2.35 mg/l, BOD 25.67mg/
CONCLUSION
l and COD 171 mg/l.
This result indicated that Shiv ganga water is non-
DISCUSSION
portable for drinking and some level for irrigation.
In the present investigation of Shiv ganga water, most Permanent conservation strategies through scientific tools
of the values of some physico-chemical parameters exceed must be adopted for checking the entry of waste water
the desirable limit according to ISSI (Indian Standard into the Shiv ganga and thereby keeping the water healthy
Specification for drinking water). pH of water is influenced and hygienic.
by the presence of total alkalinity and carbon-di ioxide.
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