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1s Complement and 2s Complement of Binary Numbers

This document discusses different ways of representing signed binary numbers including 1's complement, 2's complement, and sign magnitude representation. 1's complement represents negative numbers by inverting the bits of the positive form. 2's complement first takes the 1's complement and then adds 1. Sign magnitude uses the most significant bit as the sign bit and the remaining bits for magnitude.

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143 views4 pages

1s Complement and 2s Complement of Binary Numbers

This document discusses different ways of representing signed binary numbers including 1's complement, 2's complement, and sign magnitude representation. 1's complement represents negative numbers by inverting the bits of the positive form. 2's complement first takes the 1's complement and then adds 1. Sign magnitude uses the most significant bit as the sign bit and the remaining bits for magnitude.

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syedwaheedullahshah482
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1s Complement and 2s Complement of Binary Numbers |

Signed Binary Number Representation:

1s complement and 2s complement are way of representing the signed binary numbers.
In general, the binary number can be represented in two ways.

1. Unsigned Binary Numbers


2. Signed Binary Numbers

Unsigned Binary Numbers


Using unsigned binary number representation, only positive binary numbers can be
represented. For n-bit unsigned binary numbers, all n-bits are used to represent the
magnitude of the number.

For example, if we represent decimal 12 in 5- bit unsigned number form then (12)10 = (01100)2.
Here all 5 bit are used to represent the magnitude of the number.
In unsigned binary number representation, using n-bits, we can represent the numbers from 0
to 2n – 1. For example, using 4 -bits we can represent the number from 0 to 15 in unsigned
binary number representation.

Signed Binary Numbers


Using signed binary number representation both positive and negative numbers can be
represented.

In signed binary number representation the most significant bit (MSB) of the number is a sign
bit. For positive numbers, the sign bit is 0 and for negative number, the sign bit is 1.

There are three different ways the signed binary numbers can be represented.

1. Signed Magnitude Form


2. 1’s Complement Form
3. 2’s Complement Form

Sign Magnitude Representation


In sign-magnitude representation, the Most Significant bit of the number is a sign bit and the
remaining bit represents the magnitude of the number in a true binary form. For example, if
some signed number is represented in the 8-bit sign-magnitude form then MSB is a sign bit
and the remaining 7 bits represent the magnitude of the number in a true binary form.

Here is the representation of + 34 and -34 in a 8-bit sign-magnitude form.


Since the magnitude of both numbers is the same, the first 7 bits in the representation are the
same for both numbers. For +34, the MSB is 0, and for -34, the MSB or sign bit is 1.

In sign magnitude representations, there are two different representations for 0.

Using n-bits, the range of numbers that can be represented in Sign Magnitude Representation
is from – (2n-1 – 1) to (2n -1 – 1).

1’s Complement Representation


In 1’s complement representation, the representation of the positive number is same as the
negative number. But the representation of the negative number is different.

For example, if we want to represent -34 in 8-bit 1’s complement form, then first write the
positive number (+34). And invert all 1s in that number by 0s and 0s by 1s in that number. The
corresponding inverted number represents the -34 in 1’s complement form. It is also called 1s
complement of the number +34.

Here is another example which shows how to represent -60 in 8-bit 1’s complement form.

Using n-bits, the range of numbers that can be represented in 1’s complement form is from –
(2n-1 – 1) to (2n -1 – 1). For example, using 4-bits, it is possible to represent integers numbers
from -7 to +7 in a 1’s complement form representation.
Similar to sign-magnitude form, there are two different representations of 0 in 1’s
complement form representation.

2’s Complement Representation


In 2’s complement representation also, the representation of the positive number is same
as1’s complement and sign-magnitude form.

But the representation of the negative number is different. For example, if we want to
represent -34 in 2’s complement form then

1. Write the number corresponding to +34.


2. Starting from Least Significant Bit (LSB), just copy all the bits until the first 1 is
encountered in the number.
3. After the first ‘1’ is encountered, invert all the 1s in the number with 0s and 0s in
the number with 1s (including the sign bit)
4. The resultant number is 2’s complement representation of the number -34.
The same is shown below.

The second way of representing -34 in 2’s complement form is

1. Write the number corresponding to +34.


2. Find 1’s complement of +34
3. Add ‘1’ to the 1’s complement number
4. The resultant is 2’s complement representation of -34
For n-bit number N, its 2’s complement is (2n – N). For example, the 2’s complement of +34 in
8-bit form is (28 – 34). In binary, it is 100000000 – 00100010 = 11011110. That is a third way of
finding the 2’s complement.
Here is the representation of -60 in sign-magnitude form, 1’s complement, and 2’s
complement form.

Using n-bits, the range of number which can be represented in 2’s complement form is from –
(2n-1 ) to 2n-1 – 1. For example, using 4-bits, it is possible to represent numbers from -8 to +7.
Unlike 1’s complement and sign magnitude form, there is a unique way of representing 0 in
this 2’s complement form.

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