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Your Name:

PHYSICS 101 FINAL EXAM

January 22, 2004 3 hours

Problem Score
1 /37
2 /10
3 /19
Please Circle your section
4 /13
1 9 am Callan 2 10 am Rastelli
5 /18
3 11 am Hazan 4 11 am Staggs
6 /15
5 12:30 pm Hazan 6 12:30 pm Shutt
7 /18
8 /16
9 /16
Total /162

Instructions: When you are told to begin, check that this examination booklet
contains all the numbered pages from 2 through 18. The exam contains 9 problems.
Read each problem carefully. You must show your work. The grade you get depends
on your solution even when you write down the correct answer. BOX your final
answer. Do not panic or be discouraged if you cannot do every problem; there are
both easy and hard parts in this exam. If a part of a problem depends on
a previous answer you have not obtained, assume it and proceed. Keep
moving and finish as much as you can!

Possibly useful constants and equations are on the last page,

which you may want to tear off and keep handy
Rewrite and sign the Honor Pledge: I pledge my honor that I have not
violated the Honor Code during this examination.

Signature
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1. QUICKIES

(a) (3 points) How many molecules are in 0.128 Kg of sulfur dioxide,

SO2 ? (Note: S - 32 u and O - 16 u.)

(b) (7 points) A pendulum has a period of 6.0 seconds. What is the

period of this pendulum on the moon?

(c) (7 points) If the Earth were rotating so quickly that people at the
equator were just exactly ”weightless”, how long would a day last?
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(d) A force is applied to a block of mass M = 10 Kg, causing it to

accelerate. A smaller block of mass m = 1 Kg is stuck to the side
of the large block by static friction, where µs =0.7. There is no
friction underneath the larger block.
i. (7 points) What is the minimum value of a so that the small
block does not fall down?

ii. (3 points) What is the force, F , needed to cause this acceler-

ation?

(e) (4 points)The sound intensity of the buzz of a single bee is 20 dB.

If the buzz of a whole hive has an intensity of 50 dB, how many
bees are there in the hive?
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(f) (6 points) A ball attached to a string moves in a circle on a fric-

tionless table. The string is attached to a spindle that can adjust
it’s length without applying any external torque. The initial ve-
locity of the ball is v0 = 2 m/s, and the string has an initial length
of r0 =0.010 m. Now the string length is increased to rf = 0.020 m.
What is the new velocity of the ball?
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2. Boom
(10 points) A cannon of mass M = 500 Kg, fixed to the ground, shoots
a cannonball of mass m=20 Kg at a speed of 1000 m/s. Now the stops
holding the cannon to the ground are removed, so that it is free to
move. The same charge of gunpowder is used and an identical ball
fired. What is the speed of the ball?
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3. Thermodynamics/Ideal Gas.
A quantity of neon gas (ideal and monatomic) is compressed adiabati-
cally in an insulated container from 0.200 m3 to 0.100 m3 . The original
pressure is 2.00 × 105 Pa.

(a) (4 points) What is the final pressure?

(b) (4 points) The final temperature of the neon gas is 305 K. What
is the initial temperature? (If you didn’t answer (a), use Vf =
8.0 × 105 Pa).

(c) (3 points) What is the rms speed of the neon atoms in the final
state? The mass of a single neon atom is 3.35 × 10−26 kg.
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(d) (4 points) How much does the internal energy of the gas change
in this compression?

(e) (4 points) How much work is done by the gas during this change?
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4. Ducks playing Chicken

(a) (5 points) Two ducks are flying directly toward one another. Duck
A has speed 75 km/hour, while Duck B has speed 45 km/hour. At
t = 0 the ducks are 15 km apart. How much time elapses before
they hit each other?

(b) (8 points) If instead at t = 0 both ducks begin decelerating, with

deceleration magnitude 1.74×10−2 m/s2 = 225 km/hr2 , how much
time will elapse before the ducks collide?
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5. Hot Coffee
A student has just purchased a coffee. The cup has 0.3 Kg of coffee at
70 C◦ . She adds 0.02 Kg cream at 5 C◦ . In what follows assume coffee
and cream have the same thermal properties as water.
Some data for water: c = 4186 J/C◦ /Kg; Lvaporization = 2.26 × 106
J/Kg; Lf usion = 33.5 × 104 J/Kg; ρ=1 g/cm3 .

(a) (6 points) What is the temperature of the coffee after adding

cream? Assume no heat is lost to the outside world at this point.

(b) (3 points) For this process, is the entropy change of the universe
less than, greater than, or equal to zero? Give brief justification
for your answer.

(c) (5 points) In 1 minute, the coffee cools by 5 ◦ C. In this part only,

assume heat loss is entirely due to evaporation. What is mass of
coffee lost in this 1 min? You can also ignore the cream.
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(d) Which of the following will keep the coffee hot as long as pos-
sible, or are they they same? Justify your answers with a short
explanation.
i. (2 points) Buy the coffee in a black cup or a white cup? (Hint:
consider radiation).

ii. (2 points) Add cold milk immediately, or later, just before

drinking it?
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Figure 1: Fig-3

6. The Water Fountain

A water tank (with a very large diameter) is filled to a height of h = 2.2

m. The air in the tank above the water is kept at a constant pressure
of P = 2.0 atm. The tank is connected to the outside via a U-shaped
pipe with diameter of 3.0 cm, as shown in the figure. The outside air
pressure is one atmosphere. Initially a weight is put on the open end
of the pipe, which temporarily prevents the water from flowing out.
(ρwater =1000 kg/m3 , 1.0 atm = 105 Pa).

(a) (3 points) What is the pressure at the bottom of the tank.

(b) (4 points) Calculate the minimum value of the weight W , so that

it isn’t pushed away by the pressure of the water.
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(c) (6 points) The weight is removed, and the water starts to flow out
of the open end of the pipe. Determine the velocity v of the water
just after it leaves the pipe.

(d) (2 points) What is the flow rate?

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7. Yo-yo
We wish to describe the motion of a yo-yo. We take the yo-yo to be a
uniform cylinder of radius R = 0.030 m and mass M = 0.020 Kg. A
string of negligible mass is wound around the outer edge of the cylinder.
The free end of the string is held, and the string unwinds as the yo-yo
falls.

(a) (2 points) What angle θ does the yo-yo rotate through as it falls
a distance h? (The string does not slip on the surface of the
cylinder).

(b) (4 points) Draw a free body diagram for the yo-yo. Draw another
diagram showing only those forces that produce a non-zero torque
about the axis of the yo-yo.
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(c) (6 points) Write down equations for the linear and angular accel-
erations of the yo-yo. Find the tension of the string.

(d) (6 points) Use energy concepts to find the angular velocity of the
yo-yo (in rad/s) after it has fallen from rest by h = 0.25 m.
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8. Waves

(a) (5 points) A tranverse wave is travelling on a string. The displace-

ment y from the equilibrium position is given by

y(x, t) = −0.030 m sin(20t + 2x) .

Here x is the coordinate along the string (expressed in meters)

and t is the time expressed in seconds. What are the magnitude
and direction of the velocity of the travelling wave?

(b) (3 points) If the linear density of the string is 2.0 ×10−2 Kg/m,
what is the tension of the string?

(c) (4 points) A piece of the same string of length L = 1 m is fixed

at both ends. What are the frequencies f1 , f2 and f3 of the first
three standing wave harmonics?
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(d) (4 points) We want to build a type of clarinet whose fundamental

frequency is 400 Hz. We approximate it as a cylinder open at one
end and closed at the other. The speed of sound in the air (at
T = 20 C) is v = 343m/s. What should the length of the clarinet
be?
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9. Bobbing block

A cubic block of ice (each side, s = 1 m) floats in a lake. The density

of ice is 917 kg/m3 and the density of lake water is 1000 kg/m3 .

(a) (5 points) How far (s − x0 ) does the top of the ice block lie above
the water level? (See left figure).

Now, assume that the block has been pushed further x distance
into the water (right figure). When released, the block will bob
up and down.
(b) (4 points) What is the net force on the ice block when it is x
distance below its equilibrium position ?
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(c) (5 points) Your answer to part-(b) should suggest an analogy

to a spring force (relation between force and displacement-from-
equilibrium for a mass attached to a spring). Using this analogy
what is the angular frequency of bobbing ?

(d) (2 points) Would the ice block bob up and down forever ? If not
what may cause it to slow down? (”Friction” is not a sufficient
enough answer).
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POSSIBLY USEFUL CONSTANTS AND EQUATIONS

You may want to tear this out to keep at your side

L = Iω PE=kx2 /2 F = −kx
1
PE = mgh KE = 2 Iω 2
KE = 12 mv 2
ω = ω0 + αt ω 2 = ω02 + 2α∆θ ∆θ = ω0 t + 12 αt2
v = v0 + at F∆t = ∆p F = −GM m/r2
F = µN s = Rθ τ = F ` sin θ
Στ = Iα v = Rω IdB = 10log(I/I0 )
2
ac = v /r W = F s cos θ v 2 = v02 + 2a∆x
Wnc = ∆KE + ∆PE a = Rα I = Σmi ri2
1
p = mv 2
I = 2 mr [disk]
√ I = 25 mr2 [sphere]
Re = 2v̄ρR/η 2πr3/2 = T GM Q = πR4 ∆P/8ηL
Q = Av P V = nkT P V = nm RT
P1 V1γp= P2 V2γ ∆S = Q/T v = fλ
v = γkT /m ∆L/L0 = α∆T F = Y (∆L/Lo )A
2
P + ρv /2 + ρgh = const.FD = 6πηrv x = x0 + v0 t + at2 /2
2 4
xrms = 2Dt Q = σT At Q = cm∆T
Q =p mL Wiso = nRT ln(Vf /Vi ) ∆U = Q − W
0
v = pT /µ f = f0 (1 ± vo /v)/(1 ∓ vs /v)
P
ω = k/m xcm =p i xi mi /Mtot Q = kA∆T t/L
γ = Cp /Cv ω = g/l

Monatomic: CV = 3R/2 CP = 5R/2

Diatomic: CV = 5R/2 CP = 7R/2

R = 8.315 J/K/mol σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W/m2 /K4 k = 1.38 × 10−23 J/K

u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1

MEarth = 6.0 × 1024 Kg REarth = 6.4 × 103 m

MM oon = 7.4 × 1022 Kg RM oon = 1.7 × 103 m