The Prospects of Human Resource Development in India

Manjeet Kumari, Ritu Baniwal

Department of Computer Sc. & Engg, GJUS&T Hisar
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- Human Resource Development (HRD) is the major function of Human Resource Management. It will
require major changes in our system in the way we evaluate human resource in the environment they are working
istead of the type of organization.
Keywords- Human Resource Development, rural development.

1. INTRODUCTION
Human Resource Development is defined as the policies and programs that support for equitable opportunities. It is
necessary for continuing acquisition and application of skill and knowledge which is beneficial to individual
organization and is equally beneficial to the community of larger environment of which they are part. Human
resource development in India will consider the urban development as well as the rural development. The most
challenging is the ruarl development.
Rural development is concerned with the overall development of rural areas to improve the quality of life of rural
people. It aims at bringing change among rural community from the traditional way of living to progressive way of
living. It has been an important issue pertaining to economic development, especially of developing countries,
throughout the world. The socio-economic disparities between rural and urban areas are widening and creating
tremendous pressure on the social and economic fabric of many developing Asian economies [3]. These factors
highlight the importance of rural development.
Lifestyle in rural areas is different than those in urban areas because of the limited services available. Governmental
services like law enforcement, schools, fire departments, and libraries may be distant, limited in scope, or
unavailable [3]. Utilities like water, street lighting, sewer, and garbage collection may not be present. Public
transport is very limited.

2. SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Rural development is concerned with the rural areas. These include agricultural growth, education, public health,
communication etc. Rural development has a great importance in India because of the following reasons: First,
about three-fourth of India's population live in rural areas. Second, nearly half of the country's national income is
derived from agriculture. Third, raw materials for industries come from agriculture.
Provision of Urban Amenities to Rural Areas (PURA) is a strategy for rural development in India. The
PURA concept was given by former president Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. PURA proposed that urban infrastructure
and services should be provided in rural areas. Physical connectivity by providing roads, electronic connectivity by
providing communication network, and knowledge connectivity by establishing professional and Technical
institutions will have to be done in an integrated way so that economic connectivity will emanate [4]. The main
purpose of the scheme is to use PPP (Public-Private-Partnership) based model to involve private players. They will
use their expertise in developing livelihood opportunities, infrastructure facilities and urban amenities in the ruaral
areas. They will be responsible for maintenance of these services for a particular period.
There are certain hindrances in the rural development which include the following:
1. Traditional way of thinking of the people
2. People have Low level of education so poor understanding of the developmental efforts and new technology
3. Lack of expected awareness and skill
4. Poor marketing facility
7. Unfavourable economic condition to bear the high cost for the technology

3. VARIOUS GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

To overcome these problems in rural areas Government of India has started various schemes and developed
organizations to support in implementing these schemes effectivelly for the overall development of rural
communities.
3.1 SWARNJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)

Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) was the major programme for self-employment of the rural poor.
The programme was started in 1999 and its allied programmes were TRYSEM, SITRA and GKY. The basic
objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted poor families above the Poverty Line by providing them income-
generating assets through Bank Credit and Governmental Subsidy.

3.2 MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT (MGNREGA)

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act- 2005 is also known as NREGA. NREGA guarantees 100 days of
employment in a financial year to any rural household whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual
work [3]. This also serve the objective of generating productive assets and skills which ultimately have a role in
boosting the rural economy, empowering rural women, protecting the environment, reducing rural urban migration.
The scheme is now facing rampant corruption as cases of underpayment of wages have been received by the
government from all over the country. The corruption can be alleviated by including Biometric ATMs to transfer the
cash directly into the accounts of the people.

3.3 SAKSHAM - A YOUTH EMPLOYMENT INITIATIVE FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND

LIVELIHOOD PROMOTION

Saksham is a Plan Initiative to support youth, especially young girls from disadvantaged families/communities in
India to be able to realize their dreams by equipping them with essential life and vocational skills [3]. It helps them
to access decent employment. This need support for promotion of SHGs and other microfinance services targeting
women and disadvantaged households.

3.4 TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT (TRYSEM)

TRYSEM is the largest scheme launched by the Government of India to address the problem of training the rural
youth for employment and the training was imparted through formal institutions including industrial and servicing
units. It was merged with the SGSY with in 1999. This aimed at providing basic technical and enterpreneurial skill
to the rural poor in the age group of 18-35 years. This skill improvement programme enables them to take up income
generating activities (self/wage employment).

Various organizations are also working in support of the effective implementation of these schemes.

3.5 COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT OF PEOPLE’S ACTION & RURAL TECHNOLOGY (CAPART)

The main objectives of the CAPART are [3]:-

• To encourage, promote and assist voluntary action for the implementation of projects
• To Strengthen and promote voluntary efforts in rural development with focus on injecting new
technological inputs
• To act as a catalyst for the development of technology appropriate for rural areas.

3.6 NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)

NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and
development of agriculture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts
[3]. It also supports all other allied economic activities in rural areas to promote integrated and sustainable rural
development.

3.7 NGO
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization created by legal persons that operates independently
from any geovernment. NGO maintains its status of being non-governmental by excluding government
representatives from membership in the organization in case these are funded totally or partially by governments.
The management is in the hands of the persons who have formed it.
CONCLUSION
Rural development is the major concern for the overall economic development of the country. Various governmental
organizations as well as the NGOs (non-governmental organizations) are working in this area of concern. The
country’s overall development is not possible if this major workforce is not developed. We have discussed the
various schemes launched by the GoI. This area should be focussed because the problems related to the necessary
basic amenities still persist in the area because of the corruption.

REFERENCES

[1] Dr. S. Rajamohan, T. Dhanabalan, “Rural Development Schemes and their Contribution Towards the
Human Resource Development”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, Volume : 3, Issue : 2,
February 2013.
[2] Dr. Angela Chaudhury, Shiv Kumar, Julian Joseph, Dr Anandiat Bhowmik, Shruti Veenam, “Resource
Planning in the Indian Health sector: A study of the Indian Health Sector Managed by Government, Non-
Government and Private Organizations”.
[3] RURAL DEVELOPMENT chapter Compiled by Dr. Narendrasinh B. Chauhan
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providing_Urban_Amenities_to_Rural_Areas
[5] Ruchi Hajela, “Shortage of Skilled Workers: A Paradox of the Indian Economy SKOPE” Research Paper
No. 111 November 2012.
[6] Dr. Abdul Latif, Muhammad Suhail Nazar, Tariq Mehmood Khan, “Human Resource Development:
Strategies for Sustainable Rural”, Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 7, No. 6;
June 2011
[7] Sandhya Srinivasan, “Skill Development Initiatives in India”, ISAS Special Report, No. 15-11 July 2013.