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Crop Disease Detection Using Image Processing and Machine Learning

This document discusses using machine learning algorithms to develop an automated system for detecting crop diseases from images. Various machine learning models are trained and evaluated on a dataset of plant leaf images, with convolutional neural networks achieving the best results of 97.358% accuracy for identifying healthy and diseased leaves across 38 crop disease classes.

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Hardik kapoor
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44 views

Crop Disease Detection Using Image Processing and Machine Learning

This document discusses using machine learning algorithms to develop an automated system for detecting crop diseases from images. Various machine learning models are trained and evaluated on a dataset of plant leaf images, with convolutional neural networks achieving the best results of 97.358% accuracy for identifying healthy and diseased leaves across 38 crop disease classes.

Uploaded by

Hardik kapoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Crop Disease Detection Using Image Processing and Machine Learning

Abstract
 Crop diseases are a significant threat to agricultural productivity and global food security.
 This research focuses on the practical application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to
automate crop disease detection.
 The project aims to develop an automated system tailored for farmers.
 ML models are developed and evaluated using datasets of healthy and diseased crops.
 Various ML algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Support
Vector Machines (SVMs), and decision trees, are implemented and compared for disease
detection effectiveness.
 Feature extraction methods and data preprocessing techniques are explored to enhance
model performance.
 The project assesses the accuracy and reliability of the ML-based disease detection
system through experimentation and validation with real-world crop disease datasets.
 Factors such as dataset size, image quality, and environmental conditions are considered
to optimize model performance and robustness.

1. Introduction:
 Plant diseases pose a significant threat to global food security, causing substantial yield
losses and economic burdens.
 Early and precise detection of these diseases is essential for implementing effective
control measures and mitigating their impact.
 Traditional methods for plant disease detection often rely on visual inspection by trained
personnel, which can be time-consuming, subjective, and prone to human error.
 Machine learning offers a powerful alternative for automated plant disease detection:
 Early Detection: ML models can detect diseases at their early stages, allowing
for prompt intervention and preventing further spread.
 Increased Efficiency: Automating disease detection can significantly reduce the
time and resources required for field scouting and monitoring.
 Improved Accuracy: ML models can achieve higher accuracy than human visual
inspection, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.
 Scalability: ML-based systems can be readily deployed across large fields,
enabling efficient disease monitoring for extensive agricultural operations.

2. Related Work:
 A growing body of research explores the application of machine learning for plant
disease detection.
 Various ML algorithms have demonstrated effectiveness:
 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs):
 Particularly well-suited for image recognition tasks due to their ability to
automatically extract features from images.
 Studies have reported high accuracy rates using CNNs for plant disease
classification.
 Support Vector Machines (SVMs):
 Effective for classification problems, including plant disease detection,
especially with smaller datasets.
 Deep Learning Techniques:
 A subfield of machine learning involving complex neural networks.
 Deep learning models have shown promising results in plant disease
detection, achieving even higher accuracy than traditional ML approaches.

3. Dataset:
 This research utilizes the "New Plant Diseases Dataset" available on Kaggle:
 New Plant Diseases Dataset : (https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/vipoooool/new-
plant-diseases-dataset)
 Approximately 87,000 RGB images of healthy and diseased crop leaves
categorized into 38 different classes.
 The dataset is split into an 80/20 ratio for training and validation purposes, with a
separate set of test images for evaluating model performance.
4. Methodology:
4.1 Data Preprocessing:
 Image Resizing:
 Images are resized to a standard size to ensure consistent input for the model.
 Data Augmentation:
 Techniques like rotation, flipping, and noise addition are used to artificially
expand the dataset and improve model robustness.
 Normalization:
 Image pixel values are normalized to a specific range for better training
efficiency.
4.2 Model Selection and Training:
 Based on the reference project and relevant research, a suitable ML algorithm is selected:
 CNN model.
 The model is trained on the preprocessed training data:
 Learning to differentiate between healthy and diseased plant leaves across
different disease classes.
4.3 Model Evaluation:
 The trained model is evaluated on the validation dataset:
 Assessing its performance in identifying diseases on unseen data.
 Metrics used for evaluation:
 Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
4.4 Hyperparameter Tuning:
 Hyperparameters are tuned to optimize the model's performance for the specific dataset.
4.5 Testing and Deployment:
 Once the model is optimized, it is further evaluated on the test dataset:
 Providing a final assessment of its generalization ability.
 If performance is satisfactory, the model can be deployed for real-world applications:
 Such as integrating it into a mobile app for farmers to diagnose plant diseases in
their fields.
5. Results and Discussion:

 Table 2:

 Shows the performance matrices for each model developed.


 Observations:
 Accuracy scores are nearly equal to F1 scores due to balanced predictions.
Average accuracy achieved: 97.358%.
 Disease Prediction :
6. Conclusion:
 This research investigated the application of machine learning for plant disease detection
using the "New Plant Diseases Dataset" and insights from a reference project playlist.
 The chosen ML model demonstrated promising results in identifying healthy and
diseased plant leaves.
 Achieved accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics are presented and discussed in
relation to existing research.
 The research highlights the potential of machine learning for automated plant disease
detection:
 Offering benefits such as early disease identification, increased efficiency, and
improved accuracy compared to traditional methods.
 Future work can explore further improvements through:
 Investigating different deep learning architectures.
 Integrating the model with mobile platforms or embedded systems.
 Expanding the dataset to encompass a wider variety of plant species and disease
types.

7. References:
 Research Paper on “Plant Disease Detection Using Image Processing and Machine
Learning”:
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352643083_Plant_Disease_Detection_Using_I
mage_Processing_and_Machine_Learning)
 Dataset:(https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/vipoooool/new-plant-diseases-dataset)

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