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Chapter 7 Worksheet - Thinking and Intelligence

The document discusses concepts related to thinking and intelligence including cognitive psychology, prototypes, schemas, linguistics, problem solving biases, theories of intelligence, IQ testing, and learning disabilities. It provides definitions and examples of these various topics.

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17 views

Chapter 7 Worksheet - Thinking and Intelligence

The document discusses concepts related to thinking and intelligence including cognitive psychology, prototypes, schemas, linguistics, problem solving biases, theories of intelligence, IQ testing, and learning disabilities. It provides definitions and examples of these various topics.

Uploaded by

sebastianramirez01217
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Psychology

Chapter 7: Thinking and Intelligence


Review Questions
1. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study various mental
functions, including language, perception, memory, focus, problem-solving, judgment, and
reasoning. It investigates the ways in which individuals gather, use, store, and retrieve
information.
2. Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an
athletic team? A captain of a sports team who possesses attributes like great communication
skills, motivational talents, honesty, and a strong work ethic could serve as a prototype for the
idea of leadership.
3. What is an example of an artificial concept? One instance of a synthetic concept is the notion
of "prime numbers." Prime numbers are whole numbers larger than one that have only
themselves and one as their only positive divisors.
4. An event schema is also known as a cognitive Event schemas, often referred to as cognitive
scripts, are mental models that encode information about patterns of behaviors or occurrences
that frequently take place in specific contexts.
5. Syntax provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.
6. Morphemes are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.
7. The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of The area of
linguistics known as semantics is dedicated to the study of meaning in language. It investigates
how meaning is seen and comprehended by speakers and listeners, as well as how words,
phrases, and sentences express meaning.
8. Phonemes is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.
9. A specific formula for solving a problem is called algorithm.
10. A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called heuristic.
11. Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem? Anchoring bias
is the kind of prejudice that entails becoming fixated on a single characteristic of a situation.
When people base their decisions or judgments unduly on the first piece of information they
come across—the "anchor"—this is known as anchoring bias. When it comes to solving
problems, this can show up as focusing excessively on one feature or facet of a problem and
ignoring other pertinent details.
12. Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision? Stereotyping
bias, or just stereotype bias, is the kind of bias that occurs when someone bases a judgment on an
untrue stereotype.
13. Fluid intelligence is characterized by the capacity to reason logically and find solutions in
unfamiliar circumstances without reference to prior information or experiences.
14. Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences? Linguistic, logical-
mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic
intelligences are among the many categories covered by Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory.
Emotional intelligence is one area that Gardner's original hypothesis did not cover.
15. Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence? Howard Gardner is the theorist
who proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence.
16. When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using
most? One of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, logical- mathematical intelligence, is
largely used while analyzing data to search for trends.
Thistypeofintelligenceincludesthecapacityfor mathematical reasoning, logical reasoning, pattern
recognition, and the analysis and interpretation of data to spot trends or connections.

17. In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on a representative sample
of the population for which it is intended.
with an average IQ is often defined as 100 with a standard deviation of 15 on the majority of
normed and standardized IQ tests.
19. Who developed the IQ test most widely used today? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS) for adults and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for children are the
two most popular IQ tests available today. These assessments, which were created by American
psychologist David Wechsler, are among of the most widely used intelligence tests in the world
for evaluating cognitive abilities across a range of age groups.
20. The DSM-5 now uses fifth edition as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as
mental retardation.
21. Where does high intelligence come from? Genetic predispositions and contextual influences,
such as education, upbringing, and stimulating experiences, shape cognitive development and
lead to high intelligence.
22. Arthur Jensen believed that The results of IQ testing indicate that there are intrinsic
disparities in intellectual capacity between individuals and groups, and that intelligence is mostly
influenced by genetic factors. Given the ramifications of his ideas on race and intellect, Jensen's
study generated a great deal of discussion and controversy.
23. What is a learning disability? A learning impairment is a neurological disorder that affects
learning rather than IQ. It can be managed with support and can cause difficulties in some
academic areas.
24. How could a specific learning disability, such as dysgraphia or dyslexia, impact a child’s
educational and school experience? Dysgraphia and dyslexia require specialized support for
effective learning experiences since they can impede academic achievement, negatively affect
social interactions, and affect self-esteem.
25. What is functional fixedness and how can overcoming it help you solve problems? Seeing an
object's other uses is limited by its functional fixedness. Overcoming it fosters creativity and
makes it possible to solve problems in novel and unexpected ways.

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