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Lecture 2

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10 views45 pages

Lecture 2

Uploaded by

ryannoel488
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 2

Prof. F.N. Karanja


Outline
 2.1. Objectives
 2.2.Introduction
 2.3. Geospatial Data Sets
Types
 2.3.1 Vector Data
 2.3.2 Raster Data
2.1 Objectives
 At the end of this lecture you should be able to:-

1. Identify the various sources of spatial data

2. Describe the different models of spatial data


representation

3. Explain geometry and topology of spatial data.


2.2 Introduction (1)
 Spatial data handling is a
multidisciplinary concept
 Disciplines that can be distinguished
include:-
 Develop Spatial Concepts
 Data acquisition means
 Formal and theoretical foundation
 Application oriented
 Support spatial data handling in legal
and management aspects.
The Power of Where-Potential of Geospatial
Data
2.2 Introduction (2)
Basic Properties of Geographic Features

7
Conceptual Nature of Phenomena and
Representation

8
Spatial Data Sources (1)
Spatial Data Sources (2)
Spatial Data Sources (3)
Spatial Data Sources (4)
Spatial Data Sources (5)
Vector and Raster Data Model
 Vector Model
 It uses discrete points, lines and areas corresponding to
discrete objects with name or code number of attributes.

 Raster Model
 It uses regularly spaced grid cells in a specific sequence.
Vector Data Model (1)
Vector Data Model (2)
Raster Data Model
Vector and Raster Data representation (1)

18
Vector and Raster Data representation (2)

19
Vector and Raster Data representation (3)

20
Vector and Raster Data representation (4)
Vector and Raster Data representation (5)

22
Vector and Raster Data representation (6)
Vector and Raster Data representation (7)
Geometry and Topology Definitions
 Geometry: is the representation of a user's spatial
feature, modeled as an ordered set of primitive elements.
Each geometric object is required to be uniquely
identified by a numeric geometry identifier (GID),
associating the object with its corresponding attribute
set.

 Topology: is the study of geometric properties that do


not change when the forms are bent, stretched or
undergo similar transformations. Polygon adjacency is an
example of a topologically invariant property, because the
list of neighbors to any given polygon does not change
during geometric stretching or bending
Geometry of Vector Data
Topology of Vector Data
Topological Relationships (1)

 .
Topological Relationships (2)
Geometry and Topology of
Raster Data (Point)
Geometry and Topology of Raster
Data (Line)
Geometry and Topology of Raster Data
(Area)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Vector
Data models

Advantages Disadvantages
 Complicated
 Precise
Structure
expression
 Difficulty in overlay
 Less Data Volume
 Difficulty in
 Full Topology updating
 Fast Retrieval  Expensive Data
 Fast Conversion Capture
Advantages and Disadvantages of Raster
Data models
Disadvantages
Advantages
 Large Data Volume
 Simple Data Structure
 Low Precision
 Easy to overlay and
model  Difficulty in
 Suitable for 3D display network analysis
 Integration of image  Slow Conversion
data
 Automated Data
capture
Advantages and Disadvantages of Vector
Data models

Advantages Disadvantages
 Complicated
 Precise
Structure
expression
 Difficulty in overlay
 Less Data Volume
 Difficulty in
 Full Topology updating
 Fast Retrieval  Expensive Data
 Fast Conversion Capture
Advantages and Disadvantages of Raster
Data models
Disadvantages
Advantages
 Large Data Volume
 Simple Data Structure
 Low Precision
 Easy to overlay and
model  Difficulty in
 Suitable for 3D display network analysis
 Integration of image  Slow Conversion
data
 Automated Data
capture
Using Spatial Data to Tell a
Story
Urban Areas-STUDY
Nairobi
Urbanization-Nairobi County

2007 2020
Kajiado
Urbanization-Kajiado County

2013 2019
Kiambu
Urbanization-Kiambu County

Ruaka 2016 Ruaka 2020


End

45

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