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Oral Etlv Anglais

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18 views3 pages

Oral Etlv Anglais

Uploaded by

thomasleguillou17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oral ETLV anglais

Hello everyone, today I am going to introduce you to the Nobel Prize that Avram Hershko received.

Biography:
Avram Hershko was born on December 31, 1937, in Karcag, Hungary, an Israeli researcher in
biochemistry and cell biology. He then lived with his family in Budapest for two years before
emigrating to Israel in 1950. Hershko grew up in Hungary during World War II and survived the
Holocaust. After the war, his family moved to Israel in 1950, where he continued his education. He
received his medical degree from the University of Jerusalem in 1965 and then majored in
biochemistry.

Research:
In 1969, Hershko received his doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Jerusalem. He then
pursued postdoctoral research at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the United States.
During this time, he worked with the American biochemist Aaron Ciechanover, with whom he
established a fruitful collaboration that led to groundbreaking discoveries in the field of protein
degradation.

Nobel Prize Award:


In 2004, Avram Hershko, along with Aaron Ciechanover and Irwin Rose, was awarded the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for their work on ubiquitin, a small protein essential to the protein degradation process.
Their research has led to an understanding of how cells regulate the breakdown of defective or
unnecessary proteins, a process vital for cellular function.

Experience:
Hershko's fundamental experiment focused on the degradation of proteins in cells. To understand
this, we first need to grasp the concept of proteasomes. Proteasomes are specialized cellular
structures responsible for breaking down non-functional or unwanted proteins. They act as
cellular "shredders," recycling proteins into their basic components for later use.
Hershko's breakthrough was to discover a process called ubiquitination, which is essential for
targeting proteins to be degraded by proteasomes. Ubiquitination involves the addition of a small
protein called ubiquitin to the target protein. This ubiquitin serves as a "marker" telling
proteasomes that they need to degrade this specific protein.
Hershko and his team succeeded in isolating and purifying the enzyme components involved in
the ubiquitination process. They identified a series of complex steps involved in the binding of
ubiquitin to the target protein. This cascade of precisely regulated chemical events ensures that
only proteins selected for degradation are appropriately labeled.

Conclusion:
We can conclude that this Nobel Prize has had a capital importance in the understanding of the human
body and more precisely in the functioning of the degradation of proteins.
L'expérience fondamentale de Hershko a porté sur la dégradation des protéines dans les cellules. Pour
comprendre cela, nous devons d'abord saisir le concept de protéasomes. Les protéasomes sont des
structures cellulaires spécialisées responsables de la dégradation des protéines non fonctionnelles ou
indésirables. Ils agissent comme les "déchiqueteurs" cellulaires, recyclant les protéines en leurs
composants de base pour une utilisation ultérieure.
La percée de Hershko a été de découvrir un processus appelé ubiquitination, qui est essentiel pour le
ciblage des protéines devant être dégradées par les protéasomes. Ubiquitination implique l'ajout d'une
petite protéine appelée ubiquitine à la protéine cible. Cette ubiquitine sert de "marqueur" indiquant aux
protéasomes qu'ils doivent dégrader cette protéine spécifique.
Hershko et son équipe ont réussi à isoler et à purifier les composants enzymatiques impliqués dans le
processus d'ubiquitination. Ils ont identifié une série d'étapes complexes impliquées dans la fixation de
l'ubiquitine à la protéine cible. Cette cascade d'événements chimiques précisément régulés garantit que
seules les protéines sélectionnées pour la dégradation sont marquées de manière appropriée.
L'importance de cette découverte réside dans le fait qu'elle a ouvert la voie à une compréhension
beaucoup plus profonde de la régulation des processus cellulaires essentiels. Cette voie de recherche a
des implications importantes dans de nombreux domaines de la biologie, notamment dans le
développement de traitements pour les maladies liées à une dérégulation de la dégradation des
protéines, telles que le cancer et les maladies neurodégénératives.

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