EVALUATION

INTRODUCTION:-
The term evaluation is derived from the word “valoir” which means “to be worth”. To
evaluate means “to ascertain the value or amount or appraisal carefully”. Hence evaluation is
judging the worth or value of something that represent the satisfaction of a human need, such
as an object, event or activity.
Evaluation is a process by means of which changes in the behavior of students
sought by a school. If a student lacks perseverance, is failing (subject area) and has a negative
attitude towards the subject, then he/she can be advice that his/her choice of career in
(profession) is hopelessly unrealistic. If a students is creative, loves (subject area)
And does well, then she can be advice in her ambition to become a (profession.)

DEFINITION OF EVALUATION:-

According to clara.m.brown:-
Evaluation is a process of ascertaining or judging the value or amount of something by
careful appraisal.

According to Bradfield:-
Evaluation is the process of determining to what extent the educational objectives are being
realized.

PUPOSE OF EVALUATION:-
1. To appraise the status of and changes in students behavior.
2. To make provision for guiding the growth of the individual student.
3. To diagnose the individual students educational weakness and strength.
4. To assess the students progress from time to time.
5. To provides basis for modification of the curriculum and courses.
6. To locate areas where remedial measured are needed
7. To motivates students towards better attainment and growth.

TYPES OF EVALUATION:-
1. Formative evaluation
2. Summative evaluation
 1)FORMATIVE EVALUATION:-

INTRODUCTION:-

The term formative denotes the ongoing process or systemic assessment of students
achievements while the term courses or instructional programme is in progress. Formative
assessment is a process of evaluating the students’ knowledge as they learn. formative
evaluation occurs over a period of time and monitors students progress. It is used to monitor
learning progress during instruction and to provide continuous feedback to both pupil and
teachrs regarding learning success and failure. Feedback to pupil reinforces successful
learning and identified the learning errors that needs correction. Feedback to teachers provide
information for modifying instruction and prescribing group and remedial work.

Formative evaluation depends on specially prepared tests for each segment of

instruction like unit or chapters. Test used for formative evaluation are most frequently
prepared by teachers, but published tests are also available. This type of evaluation designed
to help both students and teachers to pinpoint areas where the students has failed to learn so
that this failure may be rectified.

DEFINITION:-

“ACCORDING TO RL EBEL”

Formative evaluation is conducted to monitor the instructional process to determine whether

learning is taking place as planned.

“ACCORDING TO S G JURY”

Formative evaluation occur over a period of time and monitors students progress.

PRINCIPLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:-

1. Formative evaluation is done during an instructional program.

2. The instructional programme should aim at the attainment of certain objectives
during the implementation of the program also.
3. Formative evaluation is done to monitor learning and modifying the program if
needed before its completion.
4. Formative evaluation is for current students.
5. It is relatively focus on molecular evaluation.
CHARECTERISTIC OF FOMATIVE EVALUATION:-
1. It is integral part of learning process.
2. It occurs frequently during the course of instruction.
3. Its results are made immediately known to the learners.
4. It may sometimes take teachers observation only.
5. It reinforces learning of the students.
6. It pinpoints difficulties being faced by weak learners.
 7. Its results can not be used for grading or placements purpose.
8. It helps in modification of instructional strategies including method of teaching
immediately.
9. It motivates learners; as it provides them with knowledge of progress made by them.
10. It sees the role of evaluation as a process.
11. It is generally teacher made test.
12. It does not take much time to construct.

NATURE:-
 Informal in nature
 It is done Immediate
 Embedded in lesion plan
 Formative evaluation is Spontaneous
 It is for Individual
 It is only Oral
 Based on Graded
 Formative evaluation is Open ended
 Formative evaluation is Teacher initiated
 Formative evaluation is Process oriented
 It is Brief in nature
 Formative evaluation is dependent

PURPOSE:-
 Use to check students progress along the way.
 It is used to check students understanding.
 Formative assessments check for students learning during the lesson instead of
waiting until the completion of the lesson to assess students learning.

FEATURE:-
The most important feature of formative assessment is that they continue during the learning
process.

FUNCTION OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT:-

1. DIAGNOSING- It is concerned with determining the most appropriate method or
instructional conductive to learning.
2. PLACEMENT- it is concerned with finding out the position of an individual in the
curriculum form which he has to start learning.
3. MONITORING- it is concerned with keeping track of the day today progress of the
learners and to point out changes necessary in the methods of teaching instructional
strategies etc.
EXAMPLE OF FORMATIVE EVALUATION:-
 Day to day observation
 Oral test
 Experiment
 Student activity
 Project
 Test
 Assignment
 Self study

ADVANTAGE:-
1. It is provide descriptive analysis.
2. Its instruments are reliable and valid.
3. Useful in guiding the students and prompting him to ask for help.
4. It provides the students with information on his progress or gains.
5. Informs the students about the extent of learning is needed to reach the educational
objectives.
6. Enables learning activities to be adjusted in accordance with progress made or lack of
it.
7. Provides the teachers with qualitative and quantitative data for modification of his
teaching.
8. They can help teachers’ to notice if instructions or techniques need to be modified
throughout a lesson.
9. This type of assessment gives students constructive guidance to help them improve
their work, and methods of learning.
10. It encourages students to self assess their own work, which is a helpful skill that can
be used throughout their time as a students, and when they enter their career field.
11. It provides feedback on how they are performing.
12. In education , its aim is usually to obtain information to improve a programme.

DISADVANTAGE :-
1. Formative assessment can be time-consuming because the teacher needs to implement
several methods to effectively monitor students’ progress as they learn.
2. The more formative assessments you incorporate in the learning process, the lesser
time there is for actual teaching.
3. Planning formative assessment processes can be exhausting for the instructor.
4. The instructor’s bias or any other form of subjectivity affects the validity of the whole
process and can create an inaccurate representation of the students’ progress.
5. formative assessments are non-graded, students may not be eager or motivated to
participate in them; especially when they are accustomed to getting grades or points
for their academic progress.
 2)SUMMATIVE EVALUATION:-
Summative assessment is a type of course evaluation that happens at the end of a training or
program. It is the process of assessing the student's knowledge, proficiency, and performance
by comparing what they know with what they should have learned.

It is typically come at the end of instruction, its designed to determine the

extent to which the instructional objectives have been achieved and is used primarily for
assigning courses grades or certifying pupil mastery of the intendent learning outcomes.

One of the most common examples of summative assessment is the end-of-semester college
examinations. For these examinations, the college professors select questions that touch on
different topics in the course curriculum. Students are asked to respond to these questions
within a specific period of time.

DEFINITION:-

“ACCORDING TO A.J NICO”

Summative evaluation are used to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic
achievement at the conclusion of a defined instructional period—typically at the end of a
project, unit, course, semester, program, or school year.

“ACCORDING TO W.WEERMA”

Summative evaluation refers to assigning a grade for students achievements at the end of a
term, course or instructional programme.

PRINCIPLE:-

1. It is designed to develop competent personnel from practicing.

2. Summative evaluation done at the end or completion of a particular instructional
programme.
3. It is provide learning feedback to the classroom for success or failure of the program
or students.
4. It is focus an analysis.
5. To place student in order of merit.
6. it should check whether there has been learning or not.
7. Is it determine quantity and quality of the learning in relation to redetermined
objectives.

CHARECTERISTIC OF SUMMATIVE EVALUATION :-

1. It is terminal in nature as it comes at the end of the course of instruction.

2. It is judgmental in character in the sense that it judges the achievements of pupils.
3. It views evaluation as a product because its chief concern it to point out the labels of
attainment.
 4. It can not based on teachers observation only.
5. It does not pin point difficulties faced by the Lerner.
6. Its result can be used for placement and grading purpose.
7. It reinforces learning of the students who has learnt an area.
8. It may or may not motivate the learners. Sometimes it may have negative effects.

NATURE:-
1. Formal
2. Delayed feedback
3. Stand alone
4. Planned
5. Include in group
6. Non verbal
7. Written
8. Closed ended
9. Graded
10. Product oriented
11. Extended
12. independent

PURPOSE OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT:-

1. evaluate students learning.

2. evaluate skill acquisition.
3. evaluate academic achievement at the end conclusion of a defined instructional
period at the end of the projects.

FEATURE:-

The most important feature of summative evaluation is that they come at the end of a learning
process, whether a chapter, unit semester or year.

FUNCTION OF SUMMATIVE EVALUATION:-

1. Crediting: Crediting is concerned with collecting evidence that a learner has

achieved some instructional goals in contents in respect to a defined curricular
programme.

2. Certifying: Certifying is concerned with giving evidence that the learner is able to
perform a job according to the previously determined standards.

3. Promoting: It is concerned with promoting pupils to next higher class.

4. Selecting: Selecting the pupils for different courses after completion of a particular
course structure.
EXAMPLES OF SUMMATIVE EVALUATION :-

 Examination
 Standardized test
 Final project
 Final presentation
 Final essay
 Final grades
 Achievement test

USES OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT:-

 They are useful for teachers in how they determine where their students are at, in
terms of whether or not standard are being met.
 Summative assessment also help with curriculum and school improvement.
 This type of assessment is most useful in determining the effectiveness of teaching
techniques and strategies after a specific lesson such as unit, or chapters tests.

ADVANTAGES OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT:-

1. The summative assessment determines the effectiveness of a course and the teaching
method. This is measured in terms of how well the student mirrors his knowledge on
his or her responses to the questions.
2. It is a standard method of tracking a student's academic performance over a period of
time.
3. Summative assessment is an important part of the formal grading system. The results
from summative assessments are often used to determine whether a student moves
from one academic level to the next.
4. It helps the instructor to identify and address learning gaps. Summative assessment
reveals the student's weakness and this gives the teacher enough context and
information to review their methods.
5. It boosts self-evaluation because the students reflect on their goals as they take part in
summative assessment.
6. Summative assessment improves the teaching and learning environment. It helps the
students and instructions to align their goals and achieve desired outcomes.

DISADVANTAGES:-

1. Measuring a student's performance against a standard benchmark can trigger

demotivation and low self-esteem. This happens when the student's performance isn't
up to par with the benchmark.
2. It does not provide an accurate reflection of the student's knowledge or learning.
3. Students can develop anxiety as they prepare for the single year that can make or mar
their academic progress. Anxiety, fear, and nervousness affect the student's
performance.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE
EVALUATION
characteristics Formative assessment Summative assessment

Definition Formative evaluation is Summative evaluation refers to

conducted to monitor the assigning a grade for students
instructional process to achievements at the end of a term, course
determine whether or instructional programme.
learning is taking place as
planned.

Purpose To monitor progress of Check final status of students

students by getting feed
back

Nature Diagnostic Evaluating

Goal The goal of formative The goal summative learning is to prove

assessment is improve

Aims

Students role Active involvement Passive involvement

Frequency Occur several time during Occurs few times over the course of the
a course academic year

Uses Can use a wide range of Can use only limited numbers of
question formats questions formats
Conducted During instruction or After competition of a syllabous or unit
ongoing operation
Grading Scored but not graded Graded

Evaluation During learning After learning

CONCLUSION:-

Formative assessment has a huge positive impact on the teaching and learning
process. Teachers can use the data from formative assessment to improve their
teaching methods while students use the platform to draw the teacher's attention
to areas where they need help.

It is also a great way to boost class participation because the students get
involved in different quick-fire tasks as the course progresses. If you are just
getting familiar with this method of course evaluation, you can start by creating
an online impromptu quiz for your students using Formplus or putting a 1-
minute online survey together.

In this article, we have looked at the characteristics of effective summative

assessments plus common examples you can adopt for student evaluation in the
classroom. Summative assessment is best described as a diagnostic evaluation
method used at the end of an instructional unit.

Summative assessment is a great way to ensure that students have a full grasp of
the different ideas discussed in a course or program. When combined with other
methods of course evaluation like formative assessment, it creates a balanced
evaluation of both progress and performance.
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