INTERNSHIP-IV (11360004)

An Internship Report on

STRUCTURAL DETAILING
completed at

KANHAI ENGINEERS

Submitted by

PRAJAPATI AKASH MAHESHBHAI

22021302020006
In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Diploma Engineering
in

Civil Engineering Department

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Monark University, Vahelal

[SUMMER 2024]
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal,Ahmedabad

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report submitted has been carried out by PRAJAPATI
AKASH MAHESHBHAI (22021302020006) at KANHAI ENGINEERS under my guidance in partial
fulfilment in 6th Semester for the Diploma Engineering in Civil Engineering of Monark University, Vahelal
during the academic year 2023-24.

Prof. Vrundani Vaidya Dr. Jaydip Jadia

Internal Guide Head of the Department
Civil Engineering Department
CERTIFICATE OF COMPANY/INDUSTRY
 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
MONARK UNIVERSITY
Vahelal, Ahmedabad.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Internship report submitted along with the Internship entitled STRUCTURAL
DETAILING submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of the of Diploma Engineering in Civil Engineering
to Monark University, Vahelal, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by me, at Kanhai
engineers under the supervision of Hardik.p.upadhyay and that no part of this report has been directly copied
from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference.

Name of Student: PRAJAPATI AKASH MAHESHBHAI

Sign of Student :
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the guide, Prof. JAYDIP JADIA for his invaluable guidance,
support, and encouragement throughout the process. His expertise, patience, and feedback have been
instrumental in shaping my ideas and guiding me towards the completion of this Internship.

I would also like to extend my appreciation to the faculty members of the Civil Department as well as H.O.D of
Civil Department, Prof. Jaydip Jadia, for their valuable insights and feedback on my Internship. Their critiques,
suggestions, and encouragement have helped me to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

In addition, I would like to thank my Family and Friends for their unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this journey. Their love, motivation, and belief in me have been the driving force behind my
academic success.

Once again, I express my deepest gratitude to all those members who have contributed to the successful
completion of this thesis and progress.
 ABSTRACT

The internship report contains thirteen chapters in which I try to

explain my two weeks experience in my hosting. The content of all
chapters is broadly explained and it is constructed from the practical
basis of the site work. I the first & second chapter I give intro about
site study area. So, it is give details of the company in terms of
reader can easily know and access the company. From the chapters
I’ll explains about the work I’ve done in internship in those weeks. It
gives a highlight what I have been learnt. That chapter contains the
work like excavation of foundation, bolting, drilling, fitting, finishing
work etc. It is obvious that the internship has a plus in terms of
improving skills and different abilities as a whole. The advantages
and gains of the internship putted in short and prices way to grasp
the attention of readers and evaluators. In the eleventh chapter is
conclusion, means what I learnt and understand from this internship
programmed.
 PAGE NO.

1. Acknowledgement 4
2. Abstract 5
3. List of Figures 6
CHAPTER 1: Introduction of Internship
1.1 Aim and objective of the Internship 9
1.2 The objectives industrial 9
CHAPTER 2: Company Details 10
2.1 Company overview 11
2.2 About company 11
2.3 Mission 11
2.4 Layout of Structure 12
CHAPER 3: Internship Experience 13
3.1 Joining of the company 14
3.2 Site work 14
CHAPTER 4: Equipment Used During Work

4.1 Concrete Plant 15

4.2 Bending Machine 16
4.3 Loader 17
4.4 Leveling Tube 18
4.5 Marble Cutting Machine 19

CHAPTER 5: Materials Used In Steel Structure

5.1 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete 20
(AAC) bl

5.2 Reinforcement Bars 20

5.3 AAC Adhesives 21
5.4 Cement 21
CHAPTER 6: Introduction
6.1 Different Aspects Of the Construction process
6.2 The Merits 24
6.3 Application 25
CHAPTER 7: Design of Structure
7.1 Structural Analysis and Load Calculation 27
7.2 Material Selection and Specifications 27
7.3 Structural System and Configuration 27
7.4 Connection Design and Detailing 28
7.5 Safety and Code Compliance: 28
CHAPTER 8: Construction Methods and Techniques
8.1 Traditional Construction Methods 29
8.2 Modern Construction Techniques 30
CHAPTER 9: Construction Site Work
9.1 Shuttering of Column 31
9.2 Construction of Stairs 31
9.3 Reinforcement of Slab 32
9.4 Construction of Retaining Wall 33
9.5 Footing Construction 34
9.6 Working plan 35
CHAPTER 10: Overall Benefits on the site
10.1 Improving practical Skill 36
10.2 Challenges 36
CHAPTER 11: Conclusion 37
CHAPTER 12: Work site safety 38
CHAPTER 13: References
Fig 1.1.1 The Pre-Engineered Buildings
Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Aim And Objective Of Internship

The purpose of industrial Training is to expose students to real work

of environment experience and at the same time, to gain the
knowledge through hands on observation and execution. From the
industrial training, the students will also develop skills in work
ethics, communication, management and others. More over
knowledge with its application in the manufacturing industry.

2.2 Objective Of Industries Are :

1. To provide students the opportunity to test their interest in

particular careerbefore permanent commitments are made.
2. To develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situations.
3. To develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their careers.
4. Internship will increase a student’s sense of responsibility and good work
habits.
5. To expose students to real work environment experience, gain
knowledge in writing report in technical works/projects.
6. Internship students will have higher levels of academic performance.
7. Internship programs will increase student earning potential upon
graduation.
8. To build the strength, teamwork spirit and self-confidence in student life.
9. To enhance the ability to improve student’s creativity skills and sharing
ideas.
Chapter 2: Company Details:

2.1 Company Overview

Company Name : Dev Aashih Infrastructure PVT. LTD.Address

: Hanspura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Established Year : 2009
Project : Comprehensive Study of On-Site Learning and
Construction Processes.

Fig 2.1.1 Company Logo

2.2 About The Company

Established in 2009, Dev Aashish has been constructing numerous
Residential & Commercial paragons that carved a unique niche in the
world of construction. With its quality construction clubbed with
world-class amenities and aesthetics, the group is constantly
augmenting the urban sprawls of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar.

2.3 Mission
With an attestation to excellence, Dev Aashish strives to serve the
best of amenities for a plush lifestyle surrounded by a green, clean
and eco-friendly environment.
2.4 Layout Plan ( Block A)

Fig 2.4.1- Structure

Chapter 3 : Internship Experience

After completion of 4th semester, Gujarat technological university

introduced internship program for 5th semester students, so student get
practical knowledge, site experience, etc. through internship program.
So, I have been searching a hoisting company and I approached Dev
Aashish.Project manager Er. Sachin sir who gave me a chance for my
internship program. Then I went thereat site to begin the work and join
with their engineers, supervisors and workers. They introduce the
overall site, drawings and staff with respect to their working
department.

This section of my report, I will try to describe activities and

practices that were done in my hosting company during my
internship time. I used observation method as well as
participate in all activities that have done in the site to
achieve my task and to find out the practical knowledge.
 Equipment Used During

4.1

A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant or batching plant or a

concrete batching plant, is equipment that combines various
ingredients to form Concrete. Some these inputs include
water, air, admixtures, sand, aggregate (rocks, gravels, etc.), fly ash,
silica fumes, slag, and cement.

Fig 4.1.1 Concrete plant

 Bending Machine

Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a V-shape, U-

shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile materials,
most commonly sheet metal. Commonly used equipment include
box and pan brakes, brake presses, and other specialized machine
presses.

Fig 4.2.1 Bending

 Loders

are used in construction site to load the material onto dumpers,

trucksetc. The materials may be excavated soil, demolition waste, raw
materials, etc.

Fig 4.3.1 Hydraulic

PunchingMachine
 Levelling Tube:

It is used to transfer a vertical level across a distance. It works based

on the principle that water seeks its own level. When the two ends of
the tube are held up, the water surfaces will always rest at the same
vertical plane.

Fig 4.4.1 Levelling Tube

4.5: Marble Cutting Machine:

It is used for cutting tiles, marble and granite to required size and
shape at construction sites or at home renovation projects. This
machine can also be used for chamfer cutting operations. This
versatile machine has been specially designed keeping easy
serviceability in mind.

Fig 4.5.1 Marble cutting Machine

5: Materials Used In Construction

5.1 (AAC) Block :

Fig 5.1.1 AAC Block

5.2 Reinforcement Bar:

Fig 5.2.1 Reinforcement Bars

 Fig 5.3.1 Adhesive

5.4 :

Fig 5.3.2 Cement

Chapter 6: Introduction

6.1: Different Aspects of the Construction Process :

 The construction industry stands as a multifaceted realm,
where the orchestration of intricate processes transforms
blueprints and designs into tangible structures that shape our
urban landscapes. Beyond the confines of textbooks and
classrooms, the on-site learning experience provides an
immersive opportunity to delve into the diverse facets of
construction, unraveling a tapestry woven with numerous
essential elements. This introduction aims to elaborate on
these various aspects of the construction process, each playing
a pivotal role in the realization of architectural visions and
infrastructural marvels.

 1. Project Planning and Design:

Before the first foundation stone is laid, construction projects

undergo meticulous planning and design phases. Architects,
engineers, and designers collaborate to conceptualize
structures that harmonize functionality, aesthetics, and
structural integrity. From selecting suitable building materials
to optimizing space utilization, this phase sets the blueprint
for subsequent activities.
 2. Site Preparation:
 The construction process commences with site preparation, an
essential phase involving land clearing, grading, and
excavation. Efficient site preparation ensures a solid
foundation and proper drainage, facilitating the stability and
longevity of the structure. This stage also involves
adherence to environmental regulations to minimize ecological
impact.
 3. Foundation Construction:
 The foundation serves as the bedrock of any construction
project, providing stability and load-bearing capacity. It
involves the careful placement of concrete footings, piers, or
slabs, based on engineering assessments. Foundation
construction methods may vary, including shallow
foundations,
 Deep foundations and innovative solutions like pilings or
caissons.
 4.
 The structural framework brings the architectural design to life,
involving the assembly of beams, columns, walls, and floors.
Depending on the project's scale, construction materials, and
engineering requirements, frameworks may be made from
steel, concrete, wood, or a combination of these. The precision
of this phase is crucial to ensure the building's stability and
safety.

 5.

 The construction process extends to the enclosure of the

structure, including roofing, exterior walls, windows, and
doors. This aspect encompasses insulation, weatherproofing,
and energy-efficient considerations, contributing to the overall
functionality and sustainability of the building.
 6. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) Systems:

 Modern buildings are equipped with intricate MEP systems

that facilitate comfort, safety, and functionality. These
encompass electrical wiring, plumbing, heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Integrating MEP
systems seamlessly into the construction requires meticulous
planning and coordination.

 7. Interior Finishes:

 As construction advances, the focus shifts to interior

finishes, transforming empty spaces into functional and
aesthetically pleasing environments. Aspects such as
flooring, painting, tiling, cabinetry, and lighting culminate
in creating inviting and functional spaces for occupants.

 8.

 Throughout the construction process, quality assurance and

control mechanisms are implemented to ensure adherence
to design specifications, building codes, and safety standards.
Regular inspections, testing, and verification procedures help
identify and rectify any deviations, minimizing potential
risks.

 9. Project Management and Coordination:

Behind the scenes, construction projects are orchestrated

through effective project management. This involves resource
allocation, scheduling, budgeting, and communication among
various stakeholders, including architects, engineers,
contractors, and subcontractors. Effective coordination
ensures that the project progresses smoothly and meets its
objectives.
Fig 6.1.2 Different Types Structural Framing
Members
6.2 :Merits :

 Insight.
 Problem-solving.
 Technical Proficiency.
 Collaboration.
 Safety.
 Experience.
 Management.
 Networking.
 Confidence.
 Innovation.
 Culture.
 Advancement.
 Fig 6.3.1 Application

6.3.

Theater halls, sports complexes, museums, and recreational facilities

rely on construction processes to create spaces for entertainment,
artistic expression, and leisure activities. Aesthetic considerations
merge with structural integrity to enrich cultural experiences.

Retail

Construction processes come to life in the creation of commercial

complexes, office buildings, and retail spaces. Here, the focus is on
optimizing layouts for productivity, integrating modern
technologies, and providing appealing aesthetics to enhance
customer experiences.
 Healthcare and Educational Institutions:

Construction processes shape the environments where healing and

learning take place. Hospitals, clinics, schools, and universities
demand meticulous

Construction to provide functional spaces conducive to health, education,

and research.

Industrial Facilities:

In the industrial sector, construction processes give rise to

factories, warehouses, and production facilities. These
applications emphasize efficient space utilization, robust
structural design, and integration of specialized systems to
facilitate large-scale manufacturing and logistical operations.

The application of construction processes extends to sustainable and

green building initiatives. From utilizing eco-friendly materials to
integrating energy- efficient systems, these applications contribute
to reducing environmental impact and promoting a greener future.

The construction processes involved in residential projects yield the

spaces we call home. From single-family dwellings to apartment
complexes, these processes ensure the creation of safe, comfortable,
and personalized living environments for individuals and families.
 Chapter 7: Design of Structure :

7.1

 Perform a thorough analysis of the loads and forces that the

structure will experience during its lifetime, including dead
loads (permanent), live loads (temporary), wind loads, seismic
loads, and more.
 Determine the structural load paths and how loads will be
distributed through the various components of the
structure.
 Use engineering principles and computer simulations to
assess stresses, deformations, and stability under differentload conditions

 Choose appropriate construction materials based on factors

such as strength, durability, corrosion resistance, and cost-
effectiveness.
 Specify material properties, grades, and sizes for
structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs, and
foundations.
 Consider factors such as material compatibility, thermal
expansion, and fire resistance.

 Determine the overall structural system and configuration

that best suits the project's requirements, taking into
accountfactors like building function, architectural design,
and spatial layout.
 Select the type of structural system, such as frame, truss, arch,
or shell, based on load-bearing capacity and aesthetic
considerations.
 Design the arrangement and layout of structural elements
 to ensure efficient load transfer and distribution.

7.4 Connection Design And Detailing

 Design and detail the connections between different structural

members to ensure proper load transfer and structural
integrity.
 Specify connection types, fasteners, welds, and
reinforcement to withstand forces and deformations
without failure.
 Address potential failure modes such as shear, bending, and
torsion in the connection design.

 Ensure that the design adheres to building codes,

standards, and regulations that govern structural safety,
occupancy, and environmental factors.
 Incorporate safety features such as fire-resistant materials, exit
routes, and emergency egress in the design.
 Perform structural checks to verify that the design meets
code requirements for factors like load resistance,
stability, and wind uplift.
Chapter 8 : Construction Methods and Techniques

 In the realm of construction, methods and techniques play a

pivotal role in shaping the efficiency, quality, and safety of a
project.
 This chapter explores the diverse array of construction
methods and techniques employed during the internship,
shedding light on their applications, advantages, and impact on
project outcomes.

8.1 Traditional Construction Methods:

 Traditional construction methods provide the foundation for

many projects. This section delves into some common
traditional methods observed during the internship:
 Masonry Construction: Detailing the process of laying bricks or
blocks to create walls and structures, highlighting considerations for
bonding, mortar, and alignment.
 Reinforced Concrete Construction: Exploring the integration of steel
reinforcement within concrete elements, emphasizing formwork,
casting, and curing procedures.
 Timber Construction: Discussing the use of wood in various structural
elements, including framing, trusses, and formwork, and addressing
preservation techniques.

Fig 8.1.1 Traditional
Construction
 8 . 2 M od e r n Co ns t r uc ti o n T ech ni q u es :

 Advancements in technology have led to innovative

construction
techniques that enhance efficiency and sustainability. This
section delves into modern techniques encountered during the
internship:
 Prefabrication and Modular Construction: Exploring the benefits of
prefabricated components and modular assemblies, including reduced
construction time, improved quality control, and minimized waste.
 High-Rise Construction: Discussing the intricacies of constructing tall
structures, including techniques for vertical transportation, concrete
pumping, and facade installation.
 Green Building Practices: Highlighting sustainable construction
methods such as green roofs, rainwater harvesting, and energy-
efficient designs that contribute to environmentally responsible
construction.

Fig 8.2.1 Modern

construction
9.1

Fig 9.1.1 Shuttering

Fig 9.2.1 Stairs

Fig 9.3.1 Reinforcement of slab
9.4 Retaining wall Construction :

Fig 9.4.1 Retaining wall

9.5 : Footing:

Fig 9.5.1 Footing

9.6: layout plan :

Fig 9.6.1 layout plan

Chapter 10: Overall Benefits On the Site :

10.1 Improving Practical Skill:

Some of the practical skill we have got are:
 Knowing procedures and techniques of each work and in
improving my work accuracy.
 Ability to implement structural and architectural drawings on the
ground.
 We were able to know building construction procedures.
 About construction materials and their use.

10.1

1. Safety Concerns: On-site learning exposes students to potential

safety hazards. Ensuring the safety of students while they are
present at construction sites is a significant challenge.

2. Weather and Site Conditions: External factors such as weather

conditions and site accessibility can impact the quality and
effectiveness of on-site learning experiences.
 Chapter 11: Conclusion:

It was my pleasure to work as an intern at the "Dev Aashish

Infrastructures". I am thankful to the Gujarat Technological
University for introducing such a program which is very beneficiary
to us students.
The main objective of this internship to get an opportunity to
identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in real
life. Learnt the way of work in an organization, importance of team
spirit. It is not only to get experience on technical practice but also
to observe management practices and to interact with on field
workers.

Fig 11.1.1 Working Site

Chapter 12: Work site safety:

Fig 12.1.1 Work Site Safety

 Chapter 13: References:

 https://www.devaashishgroup.com/

 www.researchgate.net

 www.construction-institute.org

 www.indianconcreteinstitute.org

 www.enr.com
i