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Licowax® –
Raw materials for
technical wax dispersions
> Instructions for use

Waxes
Licowax® – Raw materials for technical wax dispersions

> Instructions for use

The technical data contained in the

following table conform to our latest
state of knowledge and are guaran-
teed by continuous quality controls.
Furthermore, we monitor other appli-
cation properties, which cannot be
expressed as technical data. This
quality control ensures maximum
reliability for the manufacture and
use of Licowax.

Delivery specifications

Product Drop point Acid value Saponification value Density

[°C] [mg KOH/g] [mg KOH/g] 20 °C [g/cm 3]
Licowax S ~ 82 ~ 145 ~ 170 ~ 1.01
Licowax LP ~ 83 ~ 120 ~ 150 ~ 1.01
Licowax KPS ~ 82 ~ 35 ~ 145 ~ 1.01
Licowax KSL ~ 82 ~ 30 ~ 150 ~ 1.01
Licowax KPE ~ 81 ~ 27 ~ 125 ~ 1.01
Licowax KST ~ 60 ~ 5 ~ 10 –
Licowax BJ ~ 74 ~ 22 ~ 145 ~ 0.98
Licowax OP ~ 100 ~ 13 ~ 110 ~ 1.02
Licowax PED 121 ~ 114 ~ 18 – ~ 0.98
Licowax PED 136 ~ 111 ~ 60 – ~ 1.02
Licowax PED 153 ~ 120 ~ 25 – ~ 0.98
Licowax PED 191 ~ 123 ~ 17 – ~ 0.98
Licowax PED 192 ~ 123 ~ 21 – ~ 0.98
Licowax PED 1101 ~ 123 ~ 17 – ~ 0.98
Licowax PED 521 ~ 105 ~ 18 – ~ 0.95
Licowax PED 522 ~ 105 ~ 25 – ~ 0.96

2
 Test methods
The data listed below are part of
Drop point DIN 51801/2 our product description and represent
°C ASTM D 127 approximate values. The actual
Acid value DIN EN ISO 3682 delivery specifications can be seen
mg KOH/g ASTM D 1386 in the up to date product data sheet.
Saponification value DIN EN ISO 3681
mg KOH/g ASTM D 1387 The tests on which these data are
Density at 20 °C DIN 53479 based are not part of our delivery
g/cm 3 ASTM D 1505 specifications.

Colour Physical form Product

almost white pale yellowish yellowish flakes granules fine grain
Licowax S
Licowax LP
Licowax KPS
Licowax KSL
Licowax KPE
Licowax KST
Licowax BJ
Licowax OP
Licowax PED 121
Licowax PED 136
Licowax PED 153
Licowax PED 191
Licowax PED 192
Licowax PED 1101
Licowax PED 521
Licowax PED 522

3
Product range

Technical wax dispersions have many Polyolefin waxes

different uses and accordingly vary Description of products From the range of our polyolefin
considerably in their chemical compo- waxes, the polar polyethylene waxes
sition. They therefore have to be pro- Waxes based on crude montan wax Licowax PED 121, Licowax PED 153,
duced by special methods which are Licowax LP and Licowax S are very Licowax PED 191, Licowax PED 192,
described in this leaflet. hard montan wax – based acid waxes. Licowax PED 1101, Licowax PED 521
Of the two, Licowax S is lighter in and Licowax PED 522 can be finely
lonicity, solids content and dispersion colour and has a higher acid value. dispersed. These dispersible poly-
type (W/O or O/W) are variable and Both acid waxes are especially suita- ethylene waxes differ in hardness,
largely depend on the type of emulsi- ble for the manufacture of highly con- acid value and drop point.
fier used. The choice of emulsifier is centrated, fine dispersions with a rela-
determined by the conditions of use. tively high proportion of paraffins and Licowax PED 192 and Licowax PED
microwaxes. 1101 can be emulsified arccordingly
Waxes to formulation T 434. Specific formu-
There are two types of waxes: disper- Licowax KPS and Licowax KSL are very lations for the textile industrie you
sible and non-dispersible. In this publi- hard, light in colour and high-melting will find in our leaflet “Waxes for the
cation only the dispersible types are ester waxes. Both waxes contain a textile industrie”.
described. different esterification component.

Licowax KST is a relativly hard ester

wax with a very low drop point. It is Processing
readily soluble in water, ethanol and
isopropanol. The wax dispersions can be prepared
either at atmospheric pressure or in
Licowax OP is a partly saponified autoclaves operating at slightly above
ester wax. atmospheric pressure. For dispersing
by conventional methods any one
Licowax KPE is an ester wax which of five different procedures can be
already contains the necessary non- adopted.
ionic emulsifier.

Licowax BJ is an ester wax with phy-

sical properties similar to beeswax.

4
Water-to-wax process
Alternately, once its temperature has
Method 1 fallen below 70 °C, the dispersion can
The wax and other material to be Water-to-wax process be drawn off into a storage vessel and
dispersed are melted in a steam- further cooled to room temperature.
jacketed kettle. Emulsifiers or sapo- Method 3 In special cases the hot batch is not
nifying agents are added at 110 °C. Waxes and emulsifiers are heated cooled in the autoclave after emulsifi-
Cationic emulsifiers such as the to about 120-130 °C in a kettle. The cation but is discharged into a storage
Genamin grades are first neutralized quantity of water required by the vessel or transferred via a high-pres-
with the quantity of acid stated in the formulation is heated to the recom- sure homogenizer into a second stir-
guide formulation. The optimum tem- mended dispersing temperature in ring vessel, where it is cooled to room
perature for saponification and disper- a second vessel. The wax melt is temperature.
sing is stated in the relevant column stirred in a thin stream into the
of the guide formulation tables. Boiling water. After all the wax melt has
water should be added gradually in been added, the dispersion is cooled Dispersing in a high-pressure
quantities small enough for any steam to room temperature and filtered. homogenizer
that forms to precipitate completely
in the condenser. The batch is then Dispersing in low-pressure Method 5
cooled and filtered. autoclaves The water is heated in a stirring ves-
sel to the required dispersing tempe-
Method 4 rature. All the constitutents are added
Water-to-wax process All parts of the autoclave coming into and mixed vigorously. The resultant
contact with the dispersion must be mixture is then pumped through a high-
Method 2 made of a rust-proof material which pressure homogenizer. The optimum
Preparation for the dispersing process is also resistant to alkalis and weak pressure for the type of homogenizer
is the same as for method 1. After acids. All raw materials are placed in should be determined by preliminary
saponification, a weight of boiling the autoclave at room temperature. trials. It is generally in the range 100-
water equal to that of the wax-emulsi- The autoclave is closed and its con- 2000 bar. On leaving the homogenizer
fier mixture is added all at once if tents are heated to the temperature the dispersion is continuously cooled
possible to produce an approx. 50 % recommended in the formulation and to room temperature and filtered.
dispersion. The contents of the kettle stirred vigorously for 20-45 minutes.
are cooled to 90-85 °C and diluted The batch is then cooled to room
with the remaining water, the batch temperature as rapidly as possible
being stirred at moderate speed all and filtered.
the time. For some formulations the
last third of water can be added cold.

5
Flow chart for dispersing by methods 1 and 2

Condenser

Water Ingredients, cold, saponifying agent, emulsifier

Steam ≥ 130 °C

Emulsifying kettle

Condenser
Pump

Filtering equipment

Flow chart for dispersing by method 3

Wax and emulsifier + additives Condenser

Water
Steam

Steam
Melting kettle

Emul-
sifying
kettle
Condenser

Pump 1
Pump 2

Filtering equipment
Pump 1 is not required
if the melting kettle is mounted above the emulsifying kettle

6
Flow chart for dispersing by method 4

Emulsifying
kettle Raw materials
(low-pressure
autoclave)
Steam approx. 130 °C
or 150 °C

Water
Condenser
Pump
Steam
Water preheater*

Metering pump

Filtering equipment

* or instataneous water heater

Flow chart for dispersing by method 5

Condenser
Ingredients, wax, water,
emulsifier 1-5 %

Steam approx. 100 °C

Emulsifying kettle

Condenser
Pump

High-pressure
homogenizer

Filtering equipment

7
Uses

Industry Use Function

Agricultural products Fruit coating Surface treatment

Shine
Protection weight loss

Plants Protection against drying-out

Fixation of sprays

Insulating materials Insulating materials Antiblocking agents

and panels

Glass Glass filaments and Auxiliaries in aftertreatment,

glass fibres, glass bottles surface treatment

Wood Chipboard Swelling inhibitor

8
Clariant raw materials for Formulations as shown Remarks
use in formulations below on page 12 to 17

Licowax KSL For details see Refer to leaflet W 240 ”Licowax for coating citrus fruit“.
Licowax PED 121 Data Sheet W 240
Licowax PED 153 When coated with wax dispersions plants can be protected
Licowax PED 521 for longer periods of time against drying out. Licowax KST
Licowax KST T 406 dispersions are used in cocoa/coffee bean plantations to
Agrocer ®-Wax- fix the fungicides onto the fruit. In this way, it is possible to
dispersions dispense with additional spraying.

(refer to leaflet „Waxes for crop protaction“)

Licowax KSL T 405 Insulating materials and panels on bitumen basis, e.g. for
Licowax PED 153 cars, tend to stick together during transportation. Hordamer
PE 02, Hordamer PE 03 and dispersions of Licowax KSL, and
Licowax 153 can be used as release coatings. Advantage:
The wax film melts after installation and heat-sealing of the
bitumen insulating panels, diffuses in the bitumen coat and
loses the release properties.

Licowax PED 121 T 431, T 451 As lubricant for the manufacture of glass filament and glass
Licowax PED 153 T 433, T 453 fibre, dispersions of hard and high-melting polyethylene
waxes are added to common synthetic resin dispersions.
For this purpose we recommend Licowax PED 121 and
Licowax PED 153.
For improving slip caracteristics and for protection against
scratching during transport of glass, bottles (beer, wine etc.)
the dispersions of Licowax PED 121 are suitable. Licowax
PED 121 is applicable according to FDA code of Federal
Regulations.

Licowax LP T 421, T 422, T 423, T 424 Paraffin-rich wax dispersions used with Licowax LP are
suitable as swell inhibitor for chipboard. We recommend
a dispersion according to formulation T 423 for chipboard
based on urea resin. For chipboard based on phenolic resins
or melamine resins we recommend a dispersion according
to formulation T 424.
Concentration: approx. 0.5 % wax calculated on the resin.

9
Industry Use Function

Metal Lubricants Screw coating

Deep drawing
Wire drawing

Reduced
slip coefficient

Paper/Film Paper coating (emulsions) Sufrace finishing

Aroma-sealed packaging Antiblocking agents

for foodstuffs Coating with PVdC

Construction industry Evaporation inhibitor Protection against

drying-out
Release agents Release
Preservation

Release agents Aluminium die casting, Antiblocking agents

concrete, processing
of plastics and rubber,
polyurethane foaming,
furniture manufacture, etc.

10
Clariant raw materials for Formulations as shown Remarks
use in formulations below on page 12 to 17

Licowax KPE T 402 When coated with dispersions made from Licowax PED 136,
Licowax BJ T 401, T 407 steel screws can be screwed in more easily.
Licowax PED 136 T 432 For more details on Metal working systems (deep drawing,
wire drawing etc.) please consult our leaflet “Licowax for
lubricants” (W 294 GB).

Licowax PED 121 T 431, T 451 Good antiblocking and slip properties are achieved even
Licowax PED 153 T 433, T 453 with small additions of dispersions consisting of Licowax
KPE, Licowax KPS and Licowax KSL to PVdC and other
Licowax KPE T 402 polymer coatings. These waxes correspond to BGA re-
Licowax KPS T 405 commendation XIV; Licowax KPS and Licowax KPE are
Licowax KSL T 405 also mentioned in the FDA Code of Federal Regulations.
Concentration: max. 1 % calculated on the resin.

Licowax KPE T 402 When concrete surfaces dry too quickly, tears can readily
occur in the fresh concrete. Wax dispersions are used
against this effect, particularly in tropical climates.
These types of dispersions are also suitable for the pro-
tection of historical monuments and museum pieces.

Virtually all emulsifiable For details see Licowax is suited for applications in the wide-ranging field
Licowax Data Sheet W 286 D of release agents – primarily as water- or solvent-based
dispersions. The composition best suited for a special
field can usually only be determined through tests on the
respective machine.
Dispersions based on Licowax LP are used as release
agents for the synthetic resin coating of chipboard with
melamine resins.
Detailed information is contained in the leaflet on ”Raw
materials for the manufacture of mould release agents“
(W 286 D).

11
Formulations

Nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersions based on montan waxes

Formulation No. T 401 T 402 T 405 T 406 T 14 T 407

Dry residue approx. % 30 30 24 25 31 25
Licowax BJ 25.5 – – – – 21.0
Licowax KPE – 30.0 – – – –
Licowax KPS or KSL – – 20.0 – – –
Licowax OP – – – – 21.5 –
Licowax S – – – – 4.3 –
Licowax KST – – – 25.0 – –
Arkopal® N-300 4.5 – – – – –
Wax emulsifier 4106 – – 4.0 – – –
Genamin® T-020 – – – – – 4.0
Acetic acid techn. grade 99.8 % – – – – – 1.8
Oleic acid – – – – 2.2 –
Diethylaminoethanol (Riedel de Haen) – – – – 3.2 –
Water, deionized if possible 70.0 70.0 76.0 75.0 68.8 73.2
Parts 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Method 3/2/1 3/2/1 3 1 3 3
Dispersing °C ~ 90 90-95 ~ 95 80-90 ~ 95 ~ 90

12
Paraffin-rich dispersions based on montan waxes

Formulation No. T 421 T 422 T 423 T 424

Dry residue approx. % 30 50 65 65
Licowax LP oder S 2.3 2.0 3.3 2.0
Locron S 6.7 – – –
Polyglycol 600 – – 0.5 0.5
Genapol® T-110 – – – 2.0
Genamin® C-050 – 1.0 – –
Paraffin wax 48/50 °C 19.4 – – –
Paraffin wax 58/60 °C – 47.0 61.5 60.8
Sodium acetate 1.6 – – –
Borax – – 0.2 0.2
Acetic acid techn. grade 99.8 % – 0.5 – –
Triethanolamin techn. grade – – 0.5 0.5
Ammonia conc. – – 1.3 1.3
Volatile Silicone emulsion 2.5 – – –
Water, deionized 67.5 49.5 32.7 32.7
Parts 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Method 5 5 5 5
Dispersing °C 90 90 90 90
Homogenization pressure bar approx. 200 200 200 200

13
Nonionic dispersions based on polyolefin waxes

Formulation No. T 431 T 432 T 433 T 434

Dry residue approx. % 34 32 35 35
Licowax PED 121 28.9 – – –
Licowax PED 136 – 24.0 – –
Licowax PED 153 – – 27.7 –
Licowax PED 191 – – – 28.0
Licowax PED 521 – – – –
Licowax PED 522 – – – –
Arkopal® N-080 1.9 – – –
Arkopal N-110 2.9 – – –
Arkopal N-130 – – – –
Genapol T-150 – – 2.6 –
Genapol C-200 – 7.0 4.4 –
Synperonic 91-5/ICI – – – 6.5
Diethylaminoethanol – – – 0.7
KOH 86 % 0.5 1.6 0.6 0.2
Sodium pyrosulfite – 0.2 0.2
Sodium dithionite – – – 0.2
KOH 21.5 % ethylene glycol* – – – –
Water, deionized 40.8 67.2 64.5 64.4
Water, deionized (injection pump) 25.0 – – –
Parts 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Injection time water sec. part, min. 15 – – –
Method 4 4 4 4
Dispersing °C 135 130 135 135
minutes 25 25 25 25

* KOH with Ethylenglycol

25.0 P. KOH 86 %
5.0 P. Water
70.0 P. Ethylenglycol

14
T 435 T 436 T 437 T 438
40 40 35 35
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
32.6 – 28.5 –
– 33.4 – 28.8
6.9 – 6.0 –
– – – –
– 6.6 – 5.7
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
0.4 0.6 – –
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
– – – –
– – 2.2 2.3
59.9 59.2 63.1 63.0
– – – –
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
– – – –
4 4 3 3
130 130 95 95
35 35

15
Cationic dispersions based on polyolefin waxes

Formulation No. T 451 T 452 T 453 T 454

Dry residue approx. % 30 20 30 30
Licowax PED 121 21.0 – – –
Licowax PED 136 – 14.0 – –
Licowax PED 153 – – 24.0 –
Licowax PED 191 – – – 21.0
Licowax PED 521 – – – –
Licowax PED 522 – – – –
Genamin O-020 9.0 – – 9.0
Genamin O-080 – – – –
Genamin S-080 – 6.0 – –
Genamin S-100 – – 6.0 –
Oleic acid – – – –
Acetic acid techn. grade approx. 99.8 % 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.8
Sodium pyrosulfite – – 0.2 –
Sodium dithionite 0.2 – – –
Water, deionized 68.9 79.8 69.6 69.2
Parts 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Method 4 4 4 4
Dispersing °C 135 115 135 135
minutes 25 15 25 25

16
T 455 T 456 T 457 T 458
30 25 30 25
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
– – – –
21.0 – 23.0 –
– 21.0 – 21.0
9.0 – – –
– – – 5.0
– 5.0 – –
– – 6.0 –
– – 1.0 –
0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2
– – – –
– 0.2 – 0.2
69.3 73.6 69.8 73.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
4 4 3 3
130 115 130 115
35 25 35 25

17
Safety data Status according to the law on
chemical products
Toxicological properties Ecological information The Clariant products mentioned
in this data sheet are contained in
Acute oral toxicity (LD50 ) Biodegradability the European Inventory of Existing
Licowax > 2000 mg/kg (Method OECD 302 B) Commercial Substances (EINECS)
Wax emulsifier 2106 > 2000 mg/kg Wachsemulgator 2106 > 80 % and are CAS registered.
Wax emulsifier 4106 500-2000 mg/kg Wachsemulgator 4106 > 80 %
For more details please see the
Irritant effect on skin Physico-chemical elimination product data sheet and the MSDS.
Licowax no irritation Licowax > 95 %
Wax emulsifier 2106 no irritation Exception Licowax KST 15 % Status according to the food legislation
Wax emulsifier 4106 irritant Detailed information on the emulsifi-
Fish toxicity LC50 able waxes mentioned in this publi-
Irritant effect on eyes (Method OECD 203) cation is given in data sheet W 250
Licowax no irritation Licowax > 500 mg/l ”Legal status of waxes from Clariant
Wax emulsifier 2106 slight irritation Wax emulsifier 2106 2 mg/l with respect to food legislation“.
Wax emulsifier 4106 irritant Exception Licowax KST > 1000 mg/l
CAS-Nummern
Bacteria toxicity Licowax BJ 73138-45-1
(Method DIN 38412 T.8 bzw. 68476-38-0
fermentation tube test) Licowax KPE 73138-45-1
Licowax EC0 > 2500 mg/l 73138-44-0
Wax emulsifier 2106 EC0 = 1000 mg/l 68920-66-1
Licowax KPS 73138-45-1
73138-44-0
Status according to the German Licowax KSL 73138-45-1
federal regulation on hazardous sub- Licowax OP 73138-45-1
stances (Gefahrstoffverordnung) 73138-44-0
Declaration Wax emulsifier 4106 68308-22-5
Hazard symbol Xn Licowax S 68476-03-9
R phrases 22, 38, 41 Licowax KST 68476-04-0
S phrases 26, 28.2, 37/39 Licowax LP 68476-03-9
Licowax PED 121 68441-17-8
Licowax PED 136 68441-17-8
Licowax PED 153 68441-17-8
Licowax PED 191 68441-17-8
Licowax PED 521 68441-17-8
Licowax PED 522 68441-17-8
Wachsemulgator 2106 68920-66-1
Wachsemulgator 4106 68920-66-1

18
Transport and Storage

Packaging
Licowax is supplied in 15 kg, 20 kg or
25 kg paper bags, PE-bags or paper
boxes. Licowax can also be supplied
in “big bags”.

Clariant wax emulsifiers are delivered

in 25 kg drums.

Storage
Licowax, wax emulsifier and Licowet
may be stored indefinitely at room
temperature and dry conditions.

Dispatch, transport
RID, GGVE, ADR, GGVS, ADNR,
IMDG-Code, ICAO/IATA-DGR

The Clariant products mentioned in

this leaflet are not dangerous sub-
stances according to these regulations.

19
Please note

This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended

to provide general notes on our products and their uses.

It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of

the products described or their suitability for a particular application.

Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our
products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.

® = Trademark registered by Clariant in numerous countries.

Edition: November 2002 /W 258 GB

REG.-NO. DE-674-01

Clariant GmbH
Pigments & Additives Division
Specialized Industries BU
P.O. Box 10 15 62
86005 Augsburg
Germany

Phone : +49/821/479-25 45
Fax: +49/821/479-24 56
Internet: www.pa.clariant.com