G9 English ( BIM)

You are going to read an article about the famous novelist Charles Dickens. For questions 11–
18, choose from the members A–D. The members may be chosen more than once.

Which member(s):

1 admires Dickens for getting what he wanted in life?

2 talks about how Dickens’ own life made him very aware of social problems?
3 explains how publishers helped to keep Dickens’s readers interested?
4 explains how most people get to know Dickens’s work these days?
5 gives examples of things Dickens did to improve society?
6 mentions that Dickens worried about money even as an adult?
7 says that readers these days prefer modern books?
8 thinks that even today life is hard for people at the bottom of the social ladder?

A
Born in 1812, Charles Dickens was the second of eight children. He didn’t have an easy start. His father
had a habit of spending too much and the family were always short of cash. They moved house
constantly with his parents struggling to pay the rent. Life reached a crisis point in 1824, when Charles
was twelve. His father had got into serious debt and his mother had sold everything the family owned,
but still there wasn’t enough to pay the money they owed and put food on the table. His father was sent
to debtors’ jail and young Charles was forced to leave school and get a factory job, working ten hours
a day in his attempt to earn enough money to get his father out of prison. This experience left Dickens
with a fear of poverty for the rest of his life. But Dickens’s extremely difficult childhood had a positive
side; it gave him great understanding of the lives of poor people and he was able to write about life at
the bottom of society from his own personal experience.

B
There’s a reason that Charles Dickens was fantastically popular in his time. There was a brilliant way
of getting his audience hooked; his novels were printed just a chapter at a time in weekly or monthly
magazines, and each chapter ended with the hero in an extremely dangerous situation or with a shocking
discovery about a main character. Just as with soap operas today, it made people hungry for more.
Anyone who couldn’t read tried to get someone more educated to read the new chapter to them when it
came out. Today the books are classics and still sell well but they aren’t as popular as in Dickens’s day.
For one thing, they’re far from being quick and easy to read. The old-fashioned language as well as the
length of the novels requires a lot more concentration than today’s popular novels.

C
There have been a huge number of adaptations of Charles Dickens’s work for TV, stage and film –
more than 200, in fact. It is through these adaptations more than through reading the original texts that
many people get to know his work today. As a result, almost everyone is familiar with at least a few of
Dickens’s stories and characters. One reason for their continuing and lasting popularity, whether as
books or on screen, is that Dickens is not afraid to look critically at the dark side of Victorian society,
revealing a tough, hard world. In fact, to describe disgusting housing or terrible working conditions, for
instance, or cruel and strict people we use the word ‘Dickensian’, a term which comes from Charles
Dickens’s name. Sadly, many of Dickens’s views of society are still relevant today. People still beg on
city streets, society is still cruel to the poor and opportunities are not equal.

D
 In the course of thirty-four years, Charles Dickens wrote fifteen long novels with strong storylines,
complicated plots, unexpected twists and unforgettable characters with extraordinary names – Fagin,
Oliver Twist, The Artful Dodger, Uriah Heep, Ebenezer Scrooge, Tiny Tim and Abel Magwitch. He
also wrote a huge number of short stories and newspaper articles. He used his sharp observation and
dark humour to bring people’s attention to problems in the society of his time. It’s really easy to learn
something about the injustice and awful living conditions of Victorian England from books like Oliver
Twist, Hard Times, Bleak House, Nicholas Nickleby and David Copperfield. Apart from writing fiction,
Dickens contributed money to help poor children and worked hard to get laws changed on child
employment. By the time he died in 1870, this hardworking, energetic and talented writer had achieved
what he deserved. His childhood dreams of fame, success and climbing the social ladder had come true
and he had become a literary celebrity in England and America.

Complete the questions in reported speech.

My cousin James dreamt that he met JK Rowling and, in his dream, she asked him lots of questions.

1. First she asked him (‘Do you want to be a writer?’)

2. Then she asked him (‘Have you ever written any science fiction?’)
3. And she also asked him ‘When will you start writing your first novel?’)
4. After that she asked him (‘Can you remember the full title of my first book?’)
5. Finally she asked him (‘Why did my books become so popular?’)

Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs.

eat fix lock tidy water
It’s great that you can look after our flat while we are away. Please can you watch out for a few things!
By the time you arrive they should (1) the central heating. I hope so anyway, otherwise you are
going to freeze! You must (2) the door when you go out. You need to (3) all the food in
the fridge. Sorry to be bossy, but you know I hate waste. You don’t have to (4) the plants every
day. They don’t get very thirsty in winter! I realise we ought to (5) the flat before we left but
we didn’t have time. Anyway, make yourself at home, but don’t have too many parties!

Complete the text with these words. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
e-book ending novel paperback passage print publisher review

To Kill a Mockingbird

Harper Lee’s (1) To Kill A Mockingbird came out in 1960 and was an immediate success. I
recently found my mother’s old (2) on a shelf, but some of the pages had fallen out so I
downloaded the (3) onto my mobile. It’s a story about growing up in a small town in Alabama
where there is a lot of racial injustice. Probably the most famous (4) in the book is where Miss
Maudie says that to kill a mockingbird is evil because these birds ‘sing their hearts out for us’. The
(5) is not sad, but it isn’t happy either because a man is dead and a child is hurt. When the book
first came out, the (6) told Lee it would not be very successful. In fact, they decided to
(7) only 5,000 copies. So far, To Kill a Mockingbird has sold more than forty million copies!
 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Thank you for all your work clearing up the hall. You’ve all been very helpful and stubborn /
cooperative.
2. He always gets up and offers his seat on the bus to older people. He’s very polite and courteous /
flamboyant.
3. She left her four-year-old sister on the beach on her own. She really is totally arrogant / irresponsible.
4. My grandmother has a horse, but no car, and rides to town when she needs to see the doctor. Most people
think she is demanding / eccentric.
5. He’s like a big baby. He doesn’t think before he does things. He’s really flamboyant / immature.
6. We all want a friend who is capable of flexibility / loyalty, in other words, someone who is always there
for us and always on our side.
7. I didn’t get a chance to speak much because she was so talkative / cheerful.
8. Our football coach is very demanding / possessive. She expects us to train for three hours every day
of the week.

Complete the sentences with these words. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
chat common difficulty doubts mind nothing touch word

I used to be friends with Jen, but I am beginning to have serious (1) about her. For one thing I
am not sure that we have enough in (2) . Sometimes when we are having a friendly (3) ,I
mention something I feel strongly about and she won’t look me in the eyes. I think she doesn’t agree
with my views and is just keeping quiet to be polite. I want my friends to be open with me. That’s more
important to me than keeping in (4) when we are on holiday or off school. Perhaps Jen has
(5) with being totally honest with me because we have only known each other about six months.
I am going to have a serious (6) with her about expressing herself more openly. Perhaps she
thinks I will have (7) to do with her if I get to know her true views. If so, she’s wrong! I love
lively discussions.

Complete the text with a relative pronoun or a participle.

When is it legal?

The legal ages at (1) you can do or have to do various things in the UK are quite confusing. One
of the first laws (2) will affect you and your parents is when you have to go to school, (3) is
at the age of five. Anyone (4) has reached the age of ten in England and Wales could be in for a
shock if they break the law, because that is the age that's the youngest at (5) the police can arrest
children, although, as they are only ten, they can’t be sent to prison. In Scotland, someone
(6) wants to get their ears pierced for earrings has to have permission from a parent until the age
of sixteen. This is different from England and Wales, (7) there is no age restriction. You get a
lot of rights at sixteen. For instance, anyone (8) parents have given them permission can get
married. Sixteen is also the age you can drive a small moped if you have a licence, but watch out!
Anyone not (9) a helmet while driving a moped is breaking the law. At eighteen, congratulations,
you’re an adult and can do most things apart from adopting a child, driving a bus or flying a helicopter!
And, now (10) an adult at that age, don’t forget to vote!
G9 BIM PKN
Makna Harmoni dalam Keberagaman Sosial Budaya, Ekonomi, dan Gender
• Harmoni dalam Keberagaman Sosial Budaya
Dalam kaitannya dengan bidang sosial budaya, apa yang dimaksud dengan harmoni dalam
keberagaman sosial budaya adalah terciptanya paduan keselarasan, saling menghormati,
menyayangi serta menyinergikan dan menyelaraskan segala macam perbedaan secara ikhlas dan
alamiah di lingkungan sosial budaya (Tim Kemdikbud, 2017, hlm. 122). Untuk mewujudkannya,
kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia yang berasal dari latar belakang yang beragam suku, budaya,
agama, tradisi, pendidikan, ekonomi, dan sebagainya merupakan kodrat yang harus diterima dan
dirangkul. Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial tidak dapat hidup sendiri dan membutuhkan bantuan
orang lain. Oleh karena itu, keberagaman sosial pada masyarakat Indonesia melahirkan bermacam-
macam status sosial, mata pencaharian, serta kedudukan dan jabatan dalam masyarakat. Sehingga,
melalui keberagaman tersebut setiap individu dalam masyarakat dapat saling melengkapi dan
menolong satu sama lain. Selanjutnya Indonesia juga memiliki kekayaan berupa keanekaragaman
budaya daerahnya yang memiliki ciri khas masing-masing, mulai dari alat musik tradisional, senjata
tradisional, rumah adat, lagu-lagu daerah, kerajinan tradisional, pakaian adat, bahasa daerah,
makanan tradisional, dan lain-lain yang akan terasa harmoninya jika semua itu disajikan dengan
diselenggarakan festival budaya daerah.
• Harmoni dalam Keberagaman Ekonomi pada Masyarakat
Kondisi perekonomian masyarakat Indonesia beraneka ragam sesuai dengan tingkat penghasilan,
pekerjaan, jabatan, maupun latar belakang pendidikan yang ditempuhnya sehingga taraf hidup
masyarakat pun berbeda-beda. Ada yang berkecukupan maupun yang kurang mampu, namun
keharmonisan antaranggota masyarakat yang berbeda ini harus tetap dipelihara. Oleh karena itu,
perlu ada upaya membantu kehidupan mereka untuk dapat meningkatkan penghidupannya yang
lebih baik. Hal itu dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat di
sekitarnya atau kemudahan-kemudahan lainnya dalam memperoleh fasilitas hidupnya yang lebih
baik dari pemerintah dan kelompok masyarakat lainnya, sehingga akan tercipta pula harmoni dari
keberagaman ekonomi masyarakat (Tim Kemdikbud, 2017, hlm. 124).
Keadaan masyarakat yang mengalami kemiskinan serta tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan
hidupnya, meliputi makanan, pakaian, tempat tinggal, pendidikan, dan kesehatan, merupakan akibat
berkurangnya pendapatan masyarakat. Maka dari itu mereka mengalami penurunan daya beli
barang-barang kebutuhan pokok. Hal tersebut menyebabkan masyarakat tidak dapat hidup secara
layak.

• Harmoni dalam Keberagaman Gender dalam Masyarakat

Secara harfiah gender berasal dari bahasa Inggris yang berarti jenis kelamin. Namun, dalam makna
sosial, gender merupakan suatu sifat yang melekat pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Gender
menunjukkan pembagian peran, kedudukan, dan tugas antara laki-laki dan perempuan berdasarkan
sifat-sifat yang dimilikinya. Kesetaraan gender makin berkembang dan bukan hanya perlakuan
yang adil berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Tetapi mengarah pula pada
kompetensi kemampuan akademik atau keahlian yang dimiliki dari setiap orang dalam kehidupan
masyarakat. Tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan memperoleh
kesempatan yang sama untuk berperan serta dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan.
G9 IPS ( BIM)
Demokrasi Liberal dan Demokrasi Terpimpin

POLITIK DEMOKRASI LIBERAL

• Disebut juga demokrasi parlementer, berlangsung selama lima tahun sejak 17 Agustus 1950-5 Juli
1955
• Dalam sistem parlementer,
• kepala negara tidak sekaligus sebagai kepala pemerintahan. Kepala pemerintahan
adalah perdana menteri, sedangkan kepala negara yaitu presiden dalam negara atau
raja dalam negara monarki.
• parlemen menjadi satu-satunya badan yang anggotanya dipilih oleh rakyat dengan
pemilihan umum. Parlemen memiliki kuasa sebagai perwakilan dan lembaga
legislatif
• Anggota parlemen terdiri dari orang partai politik yang memenangkan pemilihan
umum.
• Kenapa muncul UUDS? penyebab digantinya UUD 1945 menjadi konstitusi RIS adalah karena
dalam perundingan KMB Indonesia dan Belanda akhirnya menghasilkan keputusan bahwa uud
1945 harus diganti dengan konstitusi RIS. Jadi diberlakukan UUDS sementara sambil menunggu
dibentuknya lembaga pembuat UU baru.
• Jatuh bangunnya kabinet ditentukan oleh partai politik, karena jika partai jadi mayoritas di DPR,
maka kekuasaan akan semakin besar.
• Sulit membentuk koalisi partai karena masing-masing partai memiliki kepentingan berbeda.
Terbuki dengan seringnya kabinet Indonesia berganti-ganti.

• Pemilu 1955 diselenggarakan pertama kali di Indonesia

• Pemilu Pertama 29 September
 • Memllih anggota DRP berjumlah 272 orang
• Partai dengan suara terbesar: Masyumu, NU, PNI dan PKI
• Pemilu kedua 15 Desember
• Memilih anggota Dewan Konstituante (menyusun UUD tetap untuk
menggantikan UUDS)
• Anggotanya berjumlah 542 orang
Akibat: tidak ada pemenang mayoritas di DPR+Dewan Konstituante tidak berhasil menyusun
UUD🡪pemerintahan tidak stabil dan dan banyak gangguan

Gangguan Keamanan
1. Pemberontakan DI/TII🡪 Gerakan Darul Islam (DI) merupakan gerakan politik yang terjadi pada
awal tahun 1948. Gerakan ini mempunyai pasukan yang disebut Tentara Islam Indonesia (TII),
sehingga pemberontakan ini sering disebut dengan DI/TII
• Sulawesi Selatan
• Pemimpin: Kahar Muzakar, mendirikan NII (Negara Islam Indonesia) dengan
Kartosoewirjo sebagai pemimpin negara tersebut
• Sebab: kecewa dengan pemerintah RI karena tidak memenuhi tuntutannya agar dia dan
pengikutnya diangkat menjadi TNI
• Akhir: operasi militer🡪Kahar Muzakar ditembak mati
• Kalimantan Selatan
• Pemimpin: Ibnu Hajar🡪 menyatakan diri menjadi bagian dari NII Kartosoewirjo
• Sebab: ia dan pengikutnya sulit untuk menjadi anggota TNI di Kal-Sel
• Tindakan: menyerang pos-pos APRIS (Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia Serikat),
membuat kekacauan
• Akhir: operasi militer🡪Ibnu Hajar dihukum mati
• Aceh
• Pemimpin: Tengku Daud Beureuh
• Sebab: Pemerintah pusat menurunkan status Aceh dari Daerah Istimewa menjadi
keresidenan dibawah peovinsi Sumatera Utara 🡪 Tengku Daud Beureuh menyatakan
Aceh menjadi bagian NII
• Akhir: persuasive (menyadarkan masyarakat bahwa status tersebut adalah salah
paham)+operasi militer (menyerang basis DI/TII) 🡪 pemerintah memberikan amnesti
(perlindungan) jika Tengku Daud Beureuh menghentikan pemberontakan.
2. PRRI dan Permesta
• PRRI (Pemerintah Revolusioner RI) di Sumatera
• Pemimpin: Achmad Husain
• Permesta (Persatuan Rakyat Semesta) di Makassar
• Keduanya sempat bersatu membentuk Republik Persatuan Indonesia
• Sebab: ketimpangan pembangunan di pusat dan daerah
• Akhir: operasi militer

Konferensi Asia-Afrika
• Sebab-sebab:
• Masih banyak negara di Asia Afrika yang belum merdeka, dan di negara yang sudah
merdeka, sering terjadi pertengkaran.
• Kedua alsan ini dimanfaatkan oleh Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet untuk membangun
kekuatan masing-masing.
• Pemuda dari Asia Afrika sadar bawah mereka harus bekerja sama untuk menghindari
pengaruh komunis dan kapitalis dari kedua negara adidaya.
• 5 negara melakukan konferensi persiapan I di Kolombo, Sri Lanka
• Ali Sostroamidjojo (PM Indonesia)
• Mohammad Ali (PM Pakistan)
• Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (PM India)
• Sir John Kotelawal (PR Sri Lanka)
• U Nu (PM Burma/Myanmar)
 • Indonesia terpilih menjadi tempat penyelenggara konferensi
• Konferensi persiapan II di Bogor
• Kelima negara bertidan sebagai sponsor
• Konferensi akan dilaksanakan di Bogor 18-24 April 1955
• 30 negara Asia Afrika akan diundang
• Tujuan konferensi dilakukan:
• Memajukan kerjasama negara Asia Afrika
• Kerja sama bidang social, sekonomi, kebudayaan Asia Afrika
• Memecahkan masalah Bersama🡪menjamin kedaulatan,
menghapuskan diskriminasi ras dan penjajahan
• Memperbesar peran negara AA dalam perdamaian dunia
• KAA diselenggarakan di Gedung Merdeka, Bandung
• 29 negara hadir (24 udangan+5 sponsor)
• Menjadi awal mula adanya GNB (Gerakan Non Blok) di tahun 1960 an
Deklarasi Juanda
• Perairan di sekitar, di antara dan yang menghubungkan pulau-pulau di Indonesia adalah milik
negara Indonesia
• Sebab: banyak kapal asing berlayar sembaranangan di perairan antara pulau-pulau Indonesia
• Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia berada pada jarak 200 Mil (321.8 km) dari garis pantai.
• Dunia mengakui status Indonesia sebagai negara kepualuan (archipelago) melalui United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea/UNCLOS tahun 1982

EKONOMI DEMOKRASI LIBERAL

Defisit dan inflasi

• Perkebunan dan instalasi industry rusak
• Pertambahan penduduk sangat tinggi
• Kas negara deficit 5.1 miliar rupiah
• Politik tidak stabil
• Pinjaman luar negeri
• Pemerintah mencetak uang baru

Gunting Syarifuddin
• Pemotongan nilai mata uang RP 5 ke atas menjadi setengah 🡪 agar jumlah uang beredar berkurang
• Rupiah menguat, harga bahan pokok cenderung stabil, pemasukan pemerintah naik
Program Benteng oleh Sumitro
• Pengusaha yang kekurangan modal dibantu agar dapat mengganti struktur perekonomian colonial
• 700 perusahaan dibantu kredit oleh pemerintah
• Program gagal🡪 perusahaan menyalahgunakan dana
Nasionalisasi Perusahaan Asing
• Pemerintah mengambil alih perusahaan Belanda menjadi milik negara
• De Javasche bank🡪 Bank Indonesia
• Nederlandsch Indische Escompto Maatschappij🡪 Bank Dagang Negara
• Nederlandsche Handle Maatschappij 🡪 Bank Ekspor Impor
REPELITA
• Rencapa pembangunan jangka Panjang oleh kabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo I.

SOSIAL BUDAYA DEMOKRASI LIBERAL

Kehidupan Sosial
• Kesejahteraan rakyat tidak membaik
Pendidikan
• Konsep pendidikan berpusat pada spesialisasi karena Indonesia dianggap tertinggal dalam
pengetahuan Teknik
• Pendidikan desentralisasi🡪 SD, SMP diawasi oleh provinsi, SMA diawasi oleh pusat
• Tiap provinsi harus ada Universitas Negeri
Seni Budaya
• Sastra novel berkembang
• Organisasi Pelukis Indonesia muncul
• Pemerintah mendirikan Akademi Seni Rupa Indonesia (ASRI) di Yogyakarta

POLITIK DEMOKRASI TERMPIMPIN

Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959
• pemilu 1955 dimanfaatkan oleh partai-partai untuk kepentingan sendiri, bukan untuk kepentingan
umum
• Badan Konstituante sudah siding 3 kali namun gagal menyusun UU baru sehingga membahayakan
negara.
• Presiden Sukarno membuat keputusan mengeluarkan Dekrit Presiden pada 5 Juli 1955:
1. Pembubaran Badan Konstituante
2. Dibelakukannya kembali UUD 1945
3. UUD 1950 tidak berlaku lagi
4. Pembentukan MPRS dan Dewan Pertimbangan Agung Sementara (DPAS)

Pelaksanaan demokrasi terpimpin

• Demokrasi terpimpin berlaku setelah Dekrit Presiden dikeluarkan
• Kebebasan masih ada namun terbatas demi keamanan negara
• Dibentuk MPRS (anggota DRP+utusan tiap daerah 🡪diangkat oleh presiden)
• DPR hasil pemilu dibubarkan karena menolak APBN dan DPR Gotong Royong dibentuk oleh
presiden
• DPA dibentuk oleh presiden, diketuai oleh Roelan Abdulgani
Perjuangan membebaskan Irian Barat
• Pada KMB, Irian Barat akan dibicarakan setelah Belanda menyerahkan kedaulatan kepada
Indonesia🡪 Belanda menolak menyerahkan Irian Barat
• Irian Barat ingin tetap jadi bagian dari Indonesia sehingga resmi jadi provinsi ke-24 RI dengan
nama Irian Jaya
Gerakan Non Blok
• Digagas pada KAA di Bandung tahun 1955
• Pelopor:
1. Presiden Sukarno: Indonesia
2. Presiden Joseph Broz Tito: Yugoslavia
3. Presiden Gamal Abdul Nasser: Mesir
4. PM Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru: India
5. PM Kwamwe Nkrumah: Ghana
• Tujuan:
Ikut serta dalam memelihara perdamaian dunia
Konfrontasi dengan Malaysia
• Inggris ingin membuat Malaysia jadi negara federasi tanpa konsultasi dengan Presiden Sukarno.
Sukarno melihat ini sebagai bentuk penjajahan baru dan membahayakan Indonesia
• Sebagai bentuk protes, Sukarno mengeluarkan Indonesia dari PBB
G30 September
• Terjadi penculikan 7 petinggi TNI di Indonesia sebagai upaya kudeta pemerintahan
• Penumpasan pemberontakan dipimpin oleh Mayjen Soeharto
• Dari bukti-bukti yang dikumpulkan, disimpulkan bahwa PKI terlibat dalam gerakan tersebut
• Terjadi tuntutan pembubaran PKI

EKONOMI DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN

Dapernas dan Bappenas
• Sistem etatisme (semua kegiatan ekonomi diatur pemerintah pusat)
• Dibentuk Dewan Perancang Nasional atau Badan Perancang Pembangunan Nasional
• Menyusun rencana pembangunan jangka Panjang
• Menyusun rencana tahunan untuk nasional dan daerah
 • Mengawasi laporan pelaksanaan pembangunan
• Menyiapkan dan menilai mandataris (orang yang ditunjuk) untuk MPRS
Pemotongan nilai mata uang
• Melakukan sanering (pemotongan nilai mata uang) untuk mengurangi inflasi, misalnya Rp 1000
jadi 100, kemudian dipotong lagi jadi RP1
Deklarasi ekonomi
• Dikeluarkan 14 peraturan untuk membantu ekonomi

SOSIAL BUDAYA DEMOKRASI TERPIMPIN

Kehidupa social
• Harga barang yang tinggi membuat rakyat mengalami kesulitan hidup
• Demonstrasi mahasiswa TRITURA (tri tuntutan rakyat)
1. Bubarkan PKI
2. Bersihkan kabinet dari unsur-unsur PKI
3. Turunkan harga
Pendidikan
• Berdirinya universitas-universitas swasta di berbagai daerah di Indonesia
• Gerakan menabung dan koperasi sekolah untuk mendidik murid berhemat dan berpikir ke depan
Kebudayaan
• seni lukis berkembang
• Mochtar Lubis menjadi sastrawan peraih penghargaan internasional pertama Indonesia dari
Magsaysay Filipina
 G9 ( Social Science ) BIM
Semester Assessment Handout
Subject vocabulary
Cultural globalization: the rapid spread and exchange of ideas, attitudes, meaning, values and cultural
products between different people in different places
Advocate: a person who supports something in public
Pandemic: a disease that exists in almost all of an area or group of people
Diaspora: a large number of people from the same country who have since moved out to places all over the
world

Cultures and Identity

• Throughout history, cultures have influenced each other through trade and travel. Cultures have
also been imposed on countries through war and colonization.
• People connected through cultural identity. People usually share:

• Belief
• Sport
• Travel
• Language
• Music
• Food
• Art
• Gaming
• Fashion
• Consumer culture
• Education

• Cultural globalization brings advantages to global society:

• Standardization of time🡪 now Gregorian calendar is used by the world and most countries
use metric system to measure the space and world
• It is a catalyst for positive social change🡪allows positive changes like democracy or
feminist movement
• Economic growth🡪widespread of languages such as English allow corporates around the
world to expand
• Broadening human perspective 🡪 more knowledge, we can experience other people’s
culture
• A more connected and similar global society, there are more countries that have resisted this
cultural change for several reasons.
• To protect national identity
• To protect business from international competition
• For political motives
• To protect the countries
Examples of countries who protect their identities are France and North Korea.
France:
a. Created law that force the use of French language in all official communications
b. Exclude audio-visual sectors (film, TV industry) from free trade.
c. Invested money to develop book stores, cafes, music and film
North Korea:
a. Rejecting visitors and investment opportunities
b. Discouraging visitors. Any foreign visitors who visit try, must have a guide with them when
traveling around the country
 c. There is an extreme nationalism where citizens must show how much they admire their
leader
d. Censorship of the media. All media is owned by the government, so it can control the
information that is broadcast to citizens
• Identity is the features or qualities that make them different from other people. What makes our
identity?

• Ethnicity
• Age
• Gender
• Religion
• Disability
• Sexuality
• Education

Exploring Cultures
Exploring cultures can be done in several ways:

• Cultural exchange: students, college students and many others take part in cultural exchanges like
European Erasmus program and ASEAN cultural exchange.
• Tourism: faster and more efficient modes of transport, especially air travel, tourism has rapidly
increased. This allow large number of people to increase their understanding and knowledge about
the world.
• Volunteering: volunteering can be done to exchange cultures and immerse in other people’s way of
living.
• Below are how visitors and people who live at the place are affected by exchange of cultures
For visitors who come to new places:
1. They gain more knowledge and a deeper understanding of the country, including their
cultures, traditions and beliefs
2. Increase awareness and respect for others
3. Could develop long-term, global communications with the area that they visit, leading to
future opportunities
For native people who stay in the place:
1. They have opportunity to communicate with those outside their own community or country
2. They can build a strong sense of community by hosting visitors
3. They can improve professional skill or new ways of doing things from visitors
4. If tourist with different cultural backgrounds visit, they may have the opportunity to
experience a wide range of cultures.

The Role of Communications Technology in a Shrink World

• Communication technology has had a huge impact on the world as we know today. It makes the
world became global village because people from every parts of the world can interact with each
other.
• However, there are also negative impacts of the technology:
1. Lack of access to the internet. People might not be able to afford the technology or might
live in remote places. They will have to depend on other forms of communications
2. Loss of indigenous language due to more prominent internet languages. For example,
language is lost because people love to use other language more than their own
3. Lack of face-to-face communication. As more people use the internet, this could lead to a
loss of human interaction and connection
4. Informal language such as slang or emojis replace the more formal language use, resulting
in slow loss of language ability.
G9 Science ( BIM )

PHYSICS UNIT 2 ELECTRICITY

Current

Current I is measured in amperes (A) and is the rate of flow of charge at a point in the circuit.
• current is due to a flow of electrons.
• Current is measured with an ammeter connected in series with the component.

Potential difference

Potential difference V is the power source that pushes the charged electrons through conductors
• It is measured with a voltmeter placed in parallel across the component.
• The higher the potential difference, the greater the current (V = IR).

Resistance

The resistance of a component is measured in ohms (Ω) and is given by the potential difference
across it divided by the current through it, i.e. R=V/I. The greater the resistance, the harder it is
for current to flow through the component.

A light dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance decreases as light intensity increases.
A Variable Resistor is a resistor whose resistance can be adjusted

Electric circuits

Series:
• Components are connected end to end in one loop
• The same current flows through every component Itot=I1=I2=...=In
• The potential difference is shared across each component - depending upon their resistance
• The total resistance in series is the sum of the resistances of each component RT = R1 +
R2

Mains electricity

Power

• The power of a component is measured in watts (W)

• 60 Watt of a bulb transfers/converts 60 Joule every second
Power is given by P=IV (by using V=IR, this can be shown to be equivalent to P=I2R and
P=V2/R). Using this equation, the energy transferred is given by E=IVt.

Alternating current and direct current

In a direct current, the current only flows in one direction whereas in an alternating current, the
current continuously changes direction.
Example of A.C

Example of D.C

Conductors and insulators

Conductors are the materials or substances which allow electricity to flow through them. It is
happened because it has so much of free electrons

What are Insulators?

Insulators are materials that do not let electrons flow very easily from one atom to another. Insulators
are materials whose atoms have tightly bound electrons.

UNIT 3 WAVES
General wave properties
• Waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter; the particles oscillate about a
fixed point.
• Amplitude – the distance from the equilibrium position to the maximum displacement
• Wavefront – is created by a lot of waves
• Frequency – the number of waves that pass a single point per second
• Wavelength – the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave
Time period – the time taken for one complete wave to pass a fixed point
• A crest is the high point of the wave.
• A trough is the low point.
The speed of a wave is equal to the product of the frequency and wavelength:
• speed = f requency×wavelength v = f λ
• The frequency of a wave is equal to the reciprocal of the time period, measured in Hertz
• f=n/t T=t/n f=1/T T=1/f

•
G9 ( Religion )
Bab 12
Pergilah dan Jadikanlah
A. Perintah Agung Yesus

• Para murid adalah saksi mata kehidupan, wafat dan kebangkitan Kristus
• Para murid diberi tugas untuk menyampaikan karya keselamatan kepada semua orang
• “pergilah dan jadikanlah” (Mat. 28: 19-20)
• Tugas pewartaan Injil menjadi misi yang diemban semua orang yang beriman
• Pewartaan tersebut tidak dilakukan dengan cara memaksa, mengancam dan tidak untuk
mengkristenkan semua orang
• Pewartaan tersebut bertujuan menceritakan kasih Allah.
• Pewartaan itu harus disertai dengan tindakan nyata bukan dengan kata-kata.

B. Makna Perintah Agung Yesus

• Yesus memerintahkan untuk menjadikan semua bangsa murid-Nya artinya para murid
mengajari semua orang, dan semua orang menjadi murid yang mau belajar terus menerus.
• Yesus memerintahkan agar melakukan segala sesuatu yang Kuperintahkan kepadamu (Mat
28: 20) artinya kita harus taat dan hidup menurut firman Tuhan.

C. Cara-cara Memuridkan
• Menjadikan seseorang menjadi murid bukanlah hanya sebatas mengajar dan membimbing
melainkan meliputi pemilihan, persekutuan, pengabdian, pemberian diri, peragaan,
pendelegasian, pengawasan dan melipatgandakan.
• Menjadi murid adalah proses yang berkesinambungan.

Bab 13
Aku dan Sesamaku
A. Arti Sesamaku Manusia
• Dalam Lukas 10: 25-37 menceritakan arti sesama manusia. Yesus memang tidak langsung
menjelaskan arti sesama tapi menjelasan arti sesama melalui perumpamaan orang samaria
yang murah hati.
• Dalam perumpamaan tersebut jelas bahwa sesama manusia adalah orang yang dengan tulus
hati membantu siapapun yang membutuhkan bantuan tanpa memandang latar belakangnya.

B. Siapakan sesamaku?
• Homo homini socius. Manusia adalah makhluk sosial. Manusia bisa menjadi manusia
seutuhnya berkat sesama manusia.
• Sesama adalah semua orang tanpa terkecuali, baik keluarga, tetangga, orang sakit, lumpuh dll
• Kita harus menghargai dan menghormati semua orang sebagai sesama manusia dan saling
membantu dalam hidup.

C. Mengasihi Sesama dalam Konteks Indonesia

• Aku berkata kepadamu, sesungguhnya segala sesuatu yang kamu lakukan untuk salah seorang
saudara-Ku yang paling hina ini, kamu telah melakukannya untuk-Ku (Mat. 25: 40)
• Apapun latar belakang kita, dari mana kita berasal, apa agama kita, semunya kita adalah
sesama.