Power Electronics with

MATLAB

L. Ashok Kumar

A. Kalaiarasi

Y. Uma Maheswari

m Cambridge
UNIVERSITY PRESS
 Contents

Figures xv

Tables xxv

Acknowledgements xxvii

Preface xxix

1. Introduction to MATLAB

1.1 Introduction and Outlook 1

1.2 How to Start with MATLAB? 2

1.2.1 Installing and activation 3

1.3 MATLAB: A Calculator 4

1.3.1 Basic arithmetic operations 5

1.3.2 Assigning values to variables 6

1.4 Basic Features of MATLAB 10

1.4.1 Investigation of a MATLAB function 10

1.4.2 Mathematical functions 10

1.4.3 Vector and matrix operations 12

1.4.4 Arrays 21

1.4.5 Basic plotting 24

1.5 Programming with MATLAB 26

1.5.1 Creating M-files 26

1.5.2 M-file functions 27

1.5.3 Control structures and operators 28

1.5.4 Debugging M-files 31

1.5.5 Creating plots 32

viii Contents

33
1.6 Circuit Descriptions
33
1.6.1 Format and layout
1.6.2 Electrical circuit description 34

1.6.3 Simulink library browser 34

1.6.4 Circuit elements 39

41
1.6.5 DC analysis
42
1.6.6 AC analysis
1.7 Examples of MATLAB Simulations 45

1.7.1 Steady state analysis of a linear circuit 45

1.7.2 Resonant switch converter using metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor (MOSFET) 46

1.7.3 Gate turn off (GTO) thyristor-based converter 47

1.7.4 Regulation of zener diode 49

1.7.5 Regulation of pulse generator using thyristor converter 50

Other Circuit Simulators 52

1.8 Types
1.8.1 PSpice 52

1.8.2 Lab VIEW 52

1.8.3 PSIM 52

1.8.4 Scilab 53

1.8.5 VisSim 53

1.9 Merits and Demerits of MATLAB 54

1.9.1 Merits 54

1.9.2 Demerits 54

Summary 54

Review Questions 54

Practice Questions 55

Multiple Choice Questions 57

2. MATLAB Simulation of Power Semiconductor Devices

2.1 Introduction and Outlook 60

2.2 Why is Power Electronics Important? 61

2.3 Features of Power Electronics 61

2.4 Applications of Power Electronics 63

2.5 Power Semiconductor Devices in MATLAB/Simulink 64

2.5.1 Power diode and its characteristics 66

2.5.2 Zener diode 73

2.5.3 Fast recovery diode 75

2.5.4 Thyristors 76

2.5.5 Power MOSFET 100

 Contents ix

2.5.6 Gate turn off thyristors 102

2.5.7 Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 105

2.6 Other Semiconductor Devices 107

2.6.1 DIAC 107

2.6.2 TRIAC 107

2.6.3 MOS controlled thyristor 108

2.6.4 Integrated gate-commutated thyristors 108

2.7 MATLAB/Simulink Model of Semiconductor Devices in Electronics 109

2.7.1 Schottky diode 109

2.7.2 Bipolar junction transistors 111

2.7.3 MOSFET 113

2.7.4 IGBT 114

2.8 Gate Triggering Methods 116

2.8.1 Resistance firing circuit 116

2.8.2 Resistance-capacitance firing circuit 117

2.8.3 UJT firing circuit 118

2.8.4 Pulse transformers 119

2.8.5 Optocoupler 119

2.8.6 Ramp-pedestrial triggering 120

2.9 Comparison of Power Semiconductor Devices with Industry Applications 120

2.9.1 Other devices 122

125
Summary
125
Solved Examples
Practice Questions 141

Review Questions 142

Choice Questions 143

Multiple

3. Phase-Controlled Rectifiers Using MATLAB (AC-DC Converters)

3.1 Introduction 146

3.2 Rectification and Its Classification 147

3.2.1 Based on control characteristics 147

152
3.2.2 Based on period of conduction
3.2.3 Based on number of phases 153

3.2.4 Based on number of pulses 153

3.3 Selection of Components from the Simulink Library Browser 153

3.4 One Pulse Converters 155

half-wave-controlled rectifiers 155

3.4.1 Single-phase
3.5 Two Pulse Converters 163
x Contents

3.5.1 Single-phase full-wave bridge rectifiers 163

3.5.2 Single-phase midpoint bridge rectifiers 169

3.5.3 Single-phase semiconverter half-controlled bridge rectifiers 173

3.6 Three Pulse Converters 178

3.6.1 Three-phase half-wave-controlled rectifiers 178

3.6.2 Three-phase half-controlled bridge rectifier with RL load 181

3.7 Six Pulse Converters 183

3.7.1 Six pulse converter with R load 183

3.7.2 Six pulse converter with RL load 186

3.8 Dual Converter 187

^
3.9 Role of Source Inductance in Rectifier Circuits (Ls) 188

3.10 Applications of Controlled Rectifiers 189

Summary 189

Solved Examples 189

Objective Type Questions 200

Review Questions 203

Practice Questions 204

4. DC Choppers Using MATLAB (DC-DC Converters)

4.1 Introduction 206

4.2 Choppers and their Classification 207

4.3 Control Strategies of Chopper 208

4.3.1 Pulse width modulation or constant frequency system 208

4.3.2 Variable frequency control or frequency modulation 208

4.3.3 Current limit control 209

4.4 Selection of Components from the Simulink Library Browser 209

4.5 Principle of Operation of a Step-down Chopper 211

4.6 Principle of Operation of a Step-up Chopper 212

4.7 Performance Parameters of Step-up and Step-down Choppers 213

4.8 Chopper Configuration 215

4.8.1 Type A chopper 216

4.8.2 Type B chopper 217

4.8.3 Type C chopper (regenerative chopper) 220

4.8.4 Type D chopper 222

4.8.5 Type E chopper 224

4.9 Switching Mode Regulators 226

4.9.1 Buck converter 226

4.9.2 Boost converter 228

4.9.3 Buck-boost converter 230

 Contents xi

4.9.4 Cuk converter 231

4.10 Chopper Commutation 231

4.10.1 Voltage-commutated chopper 231

4.10.2 Current-commutated chopper 234

4.10.3 Load-commutated chopper 236

4.11 Jones Chopper 237

4.12 Morgan Chopper 238

4.13 AC Choppers 239

4.14 Source Filter 239

4.15 Multiphase Chopper 240

4.16 Applications of Choppers 240

Summary 241

Solved Problems 241

Objective Type Questions 251

Review Questions 253

Practice Questions 254

5. Inverters Using MATLAB (DC-DC Converters)

5.1 Introduction 256

5.2 Inverters and their Classification 257

5.2.1 Classification based on input source 257

5.2.2 Classification based on output voltage 257

5.2.3 Classification based on technique for substitution 258

5.2.4 Classification based on associations with other devices 258

5.3 Selection of Components from Simulink Library Browser 258

5.4 Voltage Source Inverters 260

5.4.1 Single-phase voltage source inverters 260

5.5 Performance Parameters of Inverters 265

5.6 McMurray Inverter (Auxiliary-Commutated Inverter) 266

5.7 Modified McMurray Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Inverter 267

5.7.1 Modified McMurray half-bridge inverter 269

5.7.2 Modified McMurray full-bridge inverter 270

5.8 PWM Inverters 270

5.8.1 Single pulse width modulation 271

5.8.2 Multiple pulse width modulation 271

5.9 Three-Phase Bridge Inverter 273

5.9.1 180° Conduction mode 273

5.9.2 120° Conduction mode 274

5.10 Current Source Inverters 275

xii Contents

5.10.1 Single-phase capacitor-commutated current source inverter with R load 275

5.11 Resonant Converters 277

5.11.1 Series resonant converters 111

5.11.2 Parallel resonant converters 279

5.11.3 ZVS and ZCS PWM converters 280

5.12 Applications of Inverters 280

Summary 281

Solved Problems 281

283
Objective Type Questions
Review Questions 288

Practice Questions 288

6. Controllers Using MATLAB (AC-AC Converters)

6.1 Introduction 290

6.1.1 ON-OFF control 291

6.1.2 Phase control 291

6.2 Classification of AC Voltage Controllers 291

6.3 Single-Phase Voltage Controllers

AC 292

6.3.1 Single-phase half-wave AC voltage controller with R load 293

6.3.2 Single-phase full-wave AC voltage controller with R load 296

6.3.3 Single-phase full-wave AC voltage controller with RL load 299

6.4 Cycloconverters and Its

Types 302

6.4.1 Single-phase cycloconverters 303

6.4.2 Three-phase cycloconverters 307

6.5 Load-Commutated Cycloconverter 317

6.6 Matrix Converter 317

6.7 Applications of Voltage Controllers 319

Summary 319

Solved Problems 319

Objective Type Questions 334

Review Questions 336

Practice Questions 337

7. Simulation and Digital Control Using MATLAB

7.1 Introduction 339
7.2 Fuzzy Logic Principles 341

7.2.1 Fuzzy logic tool box 341

7.2.2 Implementation 346
 Contents xiii

7.2.3 Description and design of FLC 347

7.2.4 Simulation and results 350

7.3 Neural Network Principles 352

7.3.1 Background of neural networks 353

7.3.2 Implementation 355

7.3.3 Algorithm for ANN 357

7.3.4 Simulation results 359

7.4 Converter Control Using Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 362

Summary 363

Solved Examples 363

Practice Questions 366

Review Questions 367

Multiple Choice Questions 367

8. Power Electronics Applications

8.1 Introduction 372

8.2 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 373

8.2.1 Static systems 373

8.3 Switch-Mode Power Supply 377

8.3.1 Forward-mode SMPS 378

8.3.2 Flyback-mode SMPS 378

8.4 High-Voltage DC Transmission 380

8.5 VAR Compensators 380

8.6 Battery Charger 382

8.7 Switch-Mode Welding 383

8.8 RF Heating 383

8.9 Electronic Ballast 383

8.9.1 Characteristics of fluorescent lamps 383

8.10 Brushless DC (BLDC) Motors 384

8.11 Thermal Management and Heat Sinks 385

Summary 385

Multiple Choice Questions 385

Review Questions 387

Practice Questions 387

9. Introduction to Electrical Drives

9.1 Introduction 388

9.1.1 Merits and demerits of electrical drive systems 389

9.2 DC Drives 390

xiv Contents

9.2.1 Steady-state operation of a separately excited DC motor 390

9.2.2 Four quadrant operation 394
9.2.3 Single-phase and three-phase DC drive 395
9.2.4 Reversal of DC motor 401
9.2.5 DC chopper drives 402
9.3 AC Drives 404
9.3.1 Induction motor drive 404
9.4 Synchronous Motor Drive 409
9.5 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) 411

Summary 411
Solved Problems 411

Objective Type Questions 414

Review Questions 417

Practice Questions 418

Appendix 1 Block Parameter Settings 419

Appendix 2 List of MATLAB Projects 422

Appendix 3 MATLAB Functions 432

Appendix 4 Useful Formulae 441

Appendix 5 Table of Laplace and Z Transforms 474

Appendix 6 Gate Questions 478

Resources for MATLAB 511

Index 513