POWER CYCLES 1 | LECTURE PROBLEMS

1. A heat engine is operated between temperature limits isothermal expansion of 2.35 m3, followed by an
of 1370 °C and 260 °C. Engine is supplied with 14,142 adiabatic expansion of 8.21 m3, followed by
kJ/kwh. Find the highest efficiency of the cycle. isothermal compression to 2.67 m3, and finally,
A. 70.10 C. 67.56 adiabatic compression back to the initial state. All
B. 65.05 D. 69.32 steps are reversible. For oxygen, the specific heat at
2. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the heat source. constant pressure (Cp) is 0.918 kJ/kg-K and the
The engine produces 15 kW of power and the specific heat at constant volume (Cv) is 0.658 kJ/kg-
temperature of the sink is 26degC. What is the K. What is the thermal efficiency of this heat engine?
temperature of the hot source in degC? A. 31 % C. 38 %
A. 245.57 C. 250.25 B. 25 % D. 39 %
B. 210.10 D. 260.68 9. For an Otto Cycle, heat is added at:
3. A perfect gas (air) is used as working substance in a A. Constant Volume C. Constant Pressure
Carnot power cycle. At the beginning of the isentropic B. Constant Entropy D. Constant Temperature
compression, the temperature is 326 K and the 10. At the beginning of the compression stroke, an ideal
absolute pressure is 359 kPa. The absolute pressure at Otto Cycle has an air pressure of 15 psia, a temperature
the end of the isentropic compression is 1373 kPa. For of 75F and a specific volume of 13.2 cubic feet per
this cycle, the isothermal expansion ratio V3/V2 is 2.0. pound. At the end of compression, the specific volume
Calculate the following: is 1.76 ft3/lb. The heat supplied to the cycle is 352
A. The pressures, temperatures, and the specific BTU/lb. Calculate the following:
volumes at the end process termination point. A. The compression ratio
B. The heat supplied, kJ/kg B. The highest temperature and pressure of the
C. The heat rejected, kJ/kg cycle
D. The net work C. The temperature and pressure at the end of
E. Thermal efficiency expansion of air
4. Calculate the available energy in BTU/lb for a Carnot D. The heat rejected
cycle with source temperature of 3460 °R, a sink E. The net work of the cycle
temperature of 520 °R and an energy supply as heat of F. The thermal efficiency of the cycle
100 BTU to one pound of a working substance. Then G. The horsepower developed by an ideal engine
calculate the reduction in available energy in BTU/lb, operating on this cycle using 0.50 pound of air
for a similar Carnot cycle in which all conditions per second
remain the same as before except that the working 11. An ideal Otto Cycle operates with a temperature of
substance is limited to a maximum temperature of 370C at the end of the compression process, maximum
1960 °R. temperature of 1510 °C and a minimum temperature
5. Two Carnot engines operate in series such that the heat of 20 °C. What is the temperature at the beginning of
rejected from one is the heat input to the other. The the heat rejection process in degree Celsius?
heat transfer from the high-temperature reservoir is A. 539.5 °C C. 324.54 °C
500 kJ. If the overall temperature limits are 1000 K B. 343.7 °C D. 503.7 °C
and 400 K and both engines produce equal work, 12. In an ideal Otto Cycle, the heat supplied is 920 kJ/kg
determine the intermediate temperature between the and the highest temperature in the cycle is 1600 °C.
two engines. Calculate the temperature at the end of the isentropic
A. 400 K C. 700 K compression process and the change in entropy of the
B. 500 K D. 1000 K process.
6. Two Carnot engines operate in series such that the heat A. 319 °C, 0.927 kJ/kg
rejected from one is the heat input to the other. The B. 322 °C, 0.827 kJ/kg
heat transfer from the high-temperature reservoir is C. 322 °C, 0.927 kJ/kg
500 kJ. If the overall temperature limits are 1000 K D. 319 °C, 0.827 kJ/kg
and 400 K and both engines produce equal efficiency, 13. In an ideal Otto Cycle, the temperature at the end of
determine the intermediate temperature between the the heat addition process is 2600 °F and the
two engines. temperature at the end of the expansion process is 883
A. 426 K C. 700 K °F. What is the compression ratio?
B. 555.16 K D. 632.46 K A. 7.22 C. 6.33
7. Carnot Cycle A, B and C are connected in series so B. 7.84 D. 8.15
that the heat rejected from A will be the heat added to 14. At the beginning of compression in an air-standard
B and heat rejected from B will be added to C. Each Otto cycle, P = 98 kPa, V = 0.014 𝑚3, and t = 22 °C.
cycle operates between 30 and 400 degC. If heat added The compression ratio is 14 and the heat rejected per
to A is 1000 kJ, then what is the work output of C? cycle is 10 kJ. Determine the following:
A. 111.5 kJ C. 104.5 kJ A. The air mass
B. 91.26 kJ D. 205.4 kJ B. The maximum cycle temperature
8. An ideal heat engine is constructed by a cycling 1 kg C. The MEP
of oxygen gas (O2) initially at 1 atm and 25 °C, through 15. The compression ratio of an engine working on the
a sequence of four processes. The sequence consist of constant volume cycle is 9.3 to 1. At the beginning of
 POWER CYCLES 1 | LECTURE PROBLEMS
compression, the temperature is 31 °C and at the end
of combustion, the temperature s 1205 °C. Taking the
compression and the expansion to be adiabatic and the
value of k as 1.4, calculate the theoretical thermal
efficiency.
A. 50 % C. 61 %
B. 55 % D. 59 %
16. The stroke of a gas engine which works on the constant
volume cycle is 450 mm. The pressure at the beginning
of the compression is 1.01 bar and at the end of the
compression is 11.1 bar. Assuming compression
follows the PV1.36 = C, calculate the clearance between
the piston and cylinder cover at the end of compression
in mm of length.
A. 93.23 mm C. 91.22 mm
B. 90.55 mm D. 83.45 mm
17. The stroke of an internal combustion engine is 75 mm,
the diameter of the cylinder is 70 mm and the clearance
volume at the end of compression is 36 cm3.
Assuming compression follows the law PV1.37 = C.
Calculate the pressure at the end of compression if the
initial pressure is 98.29 kPa.
A. 1994 kPa C. 1127 kPa
B. 2520 kPa D. 98.29 kP
18. One of the newly installed Otto Cycle operates on 0.1
lb/s of air from pressure of 13 psia and at temperature
of 130 degF at the beginning of compression. At the
end of combustion, the temperature is 5000 degR;
compression ratio is at 5.5; hot air standard, k = 1.3.
Compute for the horsepower.
A. 32.1 hp
B. 52.0 hp
C. 62.1 hp
D. 42.0 hp
19. A Carnot cycle is represented by a rectangle in a T-S
diagram that operates between temperature limits 300
K and 650 K. Inscribed within a rectangle is an ellipse
of maximum major and minor axes represents a cycle
and operating at the same temperature limits.
Considering that the major axis of the ellipse is two
times that of its minor axis, determine the thermal
efficiency of the cycle
A 44.88%
B. 84.84%
C. 88.44%
D. 48.48%