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Numerical From Module 6

The document contains 5 problems about calculating natural frequencies and velocities of ultrasonic waves through various materials like piezoelectric crystals, quartz plates, mild steel, sea water and atmosphere. The key parameters calculated are natural frequency, thickness, echo time, depth and distance between ships using formulas for speed of sound and wave properties.

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pranaybhandare765
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88 views2 pages

Numerical From Module 6

The document contains 5 problems about calculating natural frequencies and velocities of ultrasonic waves through various materials like piezoelectric crystals, quartz plates, mild steel, sea water and atmosphere. The key parameters calculated are natural frequency, thickness, echo time, depth and distance between ships using formulas for speed of sound and wave properties.

Uploaded by

pranaybhandare765
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Find the natural frequency of a piezoelectric crystal of thickness 𝟏. 𝟓 𝐦𝐦.

Given that
Young's modulus 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝐍/𝐦𝟐 and density 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐦𝟑.

1 Y
f= √
21 𝜌

1 8 × 1010
= √
2 × 1.5 × 10−3 2650
= 1.83 × 106 Hz = 1.83MHz

2. Find the natural frequency of vibrations of a quartz plate of thickness 𝟏. 𝟖 𝐦𝐦.


Given : Young's modulus for quartz 8 × 1010 N/m2 and density 2650 kg/m3. Calculate the change in the
thickness required if the same plate is to be used to produce ultrasonic waves of frequency 2MHz.

1 Y 1 8 × 1010
f1 = √ = √
2t1 𝜌 2 × 1.8 × 10−3 2650
= 1.53 × 106 Hz = 1.53MHz
1 Y
f2 = √
2t 2 𝜌

1 Y 1 8 × 1010
∴ t2 = √ = √ = 1.37 × 10−3 m
2f2 𝜌 2 × 2 × 106 2650

Difference in thickness = t 2 − t1 = 1.8 − 1.37 = 0.43 mm

3. Find the echo time of ultrasonic pulse travelling with velocity 𝟓. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝐦/𝐬𝐞𝐜 in a mild
steel whose thickness displayed by gauge is 𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐦.

vt
thickness =
2
2 × thickness
echo time t =
v
2 × 18 × 10−3
=
5.9 × 103
= 6.10 × 10−6 sec

Thickness
4. An ultrasonic beam of 𝟏 𝐜𝐦 wavelength is sent by a ship, returns from the sea-bed after 2
seconds. If velocity of ultrasonic beam in sea-water is 𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟎 𝐦/𝐬 at 𝟎∘ 𝐂, its salinity at 𝟑𝟎∘ 𝐂 is
𝟐𝟗𝐠𝐦/𝐥𝐢𝐭, calculate the depth of sea at 𝟑𝟎∘ 𝐂 and frequency of ultrasonic beam.
Velocity of sound in sea water at temperature T is given by -
∘
v = v0 +1.14 S + 4.21 T − 0.037 T 2
= 1510 + 1.14 × 29 + 4.21 × 30 − 0.037 × 302
= 1636.06 m/s

Depth of the sea is -

vt 1636.06 × 2
depth = = = 1636.06 m
2 2

Frequency of ultrasonic beam is -

v 1636.06
f= = = 163.60kHz
𝜆 1 × 10−2

5. Two ships are anchored at certain distance between them. An ultrasonic signal of 𝟓𝟎𝐤𝐇𝐳
is sent from one ship to another by two routes - (i) through water and (ii) through
atmosphere. The difference Otween time intervals for receiving the signal at the other
ship is 2 seconds. If velocities of sound in the atmosphere and in sea water are 𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝐦/𝐬
and 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟐 𝐦/𝐬 respectively, find the distance between the ships. Also find time taken by
the signal to travel trough water.
Let ' 𝑑 ' be the distance between the two ships.
Given that 𝑡atmosphere − 𝑡water = 2sec

d = vwater t water = 1392t water


d = vatmosphere t atmosphere = 348(2 + t water )
= 696 + 348t water = 1392t water
∴ (1392 − 348)t water = 696
696
∴ t water = = 0.667sec
(1392 − 348)

Distance between the ships -

d = vwater t water
= 1392 × 0.667
= 928.46 m

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