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Nitesh - Assignment 2 MM505

The document discusses the working principle of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with a diagram and outlines its applications in materials science, additive manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and other industries to characterize microstructures, textures, grain structures, and other material properties.

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gagandeep singh
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10 views

Nitesh - Assignment 2 MM505

The document discusses the working principle of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with a diagram and outlines its applications in materials science, additive manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and other industries to characterize microstructures, textures, grain structures, and other material properties.

Uploaded by

gagandeep singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

Name: -Nitesh Kumar Entry No.: -2023MMZ0005

1. Explain the working principle of the Electron Backscattered system


with a neat diagram.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a powerful technique used for
characterizing the crystallographic orientation and microstructure of materials at the
microscopic and nanoscopic scale. Here's a brief explanation of the working principle
along with a diagram:

Computer for control of electron


beam and image acquisition

P43
Electron
Beam Phosphorus
Screen
Camera
Sample
Tilted
70°

Working Principle:
1. Electron Beam Interaction:
• The process begins with an electron beam generated by an electron gun within
the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
• The electron beam interacts with the sample's surface, resulting in several
phenomena, including elastic and inelastic scattering.
2. Backscattered Electrons:
• Backscattered electrons are high-energy electrons that scatter backward after
interacting with the sample's crystal lattice.
• The intensity and direction of backscattered electrons depend on the local
crystallographic orientation and atomic structure of the material.
3. Crystallographic Information:
• When the backscattered electrons are detected by a detector positioned above
the sample, the signal provides crystallographic information about the
material.
4. Kikuchi Patterns:
• The backscattered electrons create patterns known as Kikuchi patterns, which
are formed due to elastic scattering events within the crystal lattice.
• Each Kikuchi pattern corresponds to a specific crystallographic orientation.
5. Pattern Collection and Analysis:
• The EBSD system collects a series of Kikuchi patterns by scanning the
electron beam across the sample's surface.
• The patterns are then analyzed to determine the crystal orientation, grain
boundaries, and other microstructural features.

2. Outline the possible applications of the EBSD technique.


The biggest area of EBSD application is in materials science and, more specifically,
in the study of metals and alloys. So many of the desired properties of these materials
are controlled by the microstructure, so EBSD is an essential tool for their
characterisation and for understanding the impact of different processing steps.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is also rapidly growing field in which Electron


Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is playing a significant role. Microstructures that
differ significantly from more traditional manufacturing processes are developed by
the development of a number of new approaches to production of superior materials.
For this purpose, EBSD is the most appropriate method for providing information
about grain structure, phase distribution, texture, border properties and localised
strain.
The characterisation of microstructures and textures has for many years been critical
for the development of high-strength, lightweight materials in the automotive and
aerospace industries. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a critical analytical
technique for these industries, combining rapid and complete microstructural
characterisation with the exceptional spatial resolution required for the analysis of
the latest ultra-fine grained and nanostructured materials.
The improved sensitivity of the latest generation of fibre-optically coupled CMOS-
based Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) detectors has made the analysis of
biomaterials using EBSD. Many biomaterials, such as shell structures, are relatively
sensitive to damage by the electron beam yet have small scale structures that require
high resolution analyses. High speed, high resolution EBSD maps enable these
complex structures to be characterised effectively, in turn improving our
understanding of their formation and physical properties.
Similarly, Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analyses can contribute
significantly to the applications in the energy generation and storage industries,
including for the rapidly growing demand for improved battery technologies and the
expected switch to a hydrogen economy.
The table below gives a broad overview of the many fields in which EBSD
application is normally being applied.

Industries Materials Typical Measurements

Academia Metals Grain Size

Materials Science Alloys Texture

Metals processing
Intermetallics Phase Identification
& Production

Aerospace Thin Films Phase distribution

Automotive Semiconductors Failure Analysis

Government &
Superconductors Strain Analysis
Defence
Deformation &
Petrochemical Ceramics
recrystallisation

Nuclear Rocks & minerals Grain boundaries

CSL boundary
Chemical Biomaterials
distribution

Microelectronics Particles Phase transformation

Earth Sciences Ice Fracture analysis

Energy / Batteries Nanomaterials Parent grain analysis

Environment Elastic properties


References

[1] https://www.ebsd.com/ebsd-for-beginners/ebsd-applications
[2] https://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/geochemsheets/ebsd.html
[3] https://nano.oxinst.com/products/ebsd/

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