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Exp 9

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placementcell
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Experiment 9

Experiment 7 : Working with PL/SQL Procedures


Programs Development using Creation of Procedures, Passing Parameters IN and OUT of
Procedures

Procedural Language/Structured Query Language (PL/SQL) is an extension of SQL.


Basic Syntax of PL/SQL
DECLARE
/* Variables can be declared here */
BEGIN

/* Executable statements can be written here */


EXCEPTION
/* Error handlers can be written here. */
END;

As we want output of PL/SQL Program on screen, before Starting writing anything type (Only
Once per session)
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

Ex :- PL/SQL to find addition of two numbers

DECLARE
A INTEGER := &A;
B INTEGER := &B;
C INTEGER;
BEGIN
C := A + B;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('THE SUM IS '||C);
END;
/
Output :
Decision making with IF statement :-

The general syntax for the using IF--ELSE statement is


IF (TEST_CONDITION) THEN
SET OF STATEMENTS
ELSE
SET OF STATEMENTS
END IF;

For Nested IF—ELSE Statement we can use IF--ELSIF—ELSE as follows

IF (TEST_CONDITION) THEN
SET OF STATEMENTS
ELSIF (CONDITION)
SET OF STATEMENTS
END IF;
Ex:- Largest of three numbers.
This program can be written in number of ways, here are the two different ways to write the
program.
1) Using IF-
ELSE DECLARE
A NUMBER := &A; B
NUMBER := &B; C
NUMBER := &C; BIG
NUMBER; BEGIN

IF (A > B) THEN BIG


:= A;

ELSE BIG

:= B;

END IF;
IF(BIG < C ) THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BIGGEST OF A,
B AND C IS ' || C);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BIGGEST OF A, B AND C IS ' || BIG);
END IF;
END;
/

Output :
2) Using IF—ELSIF—ELSE
DECLARE
A NUMBER := &A; B
NUMBER := &B; C
NUMBER := &C;
BEGIN

IF (A > B AND A > C) THEN


DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BIGGEST IS ' || A); ELSIF
(B > C) THEN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BIGGEST IS ' ||
B); ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('BIGGEST IS '

|| C);
END IF;
END;
/

Output :
Procedure in PL/SQL

Procedures are written for doing specific tasks. The general syntax of procedure is

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE <Pro_Name> (Par_Name1 [IN / OUT/ IN OUT]


Par_Type1, ….) IS (Or we can write AS)
Local declarations;

BEGIN
PL/SQL Executable statements;

..
..

..
EXCEPTION
Exception Handlers;
END <Pro_Name>;

Mode of parameters
1) IN Mode :- IN mode is used to pass a value to Procedure/Function. Inside the
procedure/function, IN acts as a constant and any attempt to change its value causes compilation
error.
2) OUT Mode : The OUT parameter is used to return value to the calling routine. Any attempt to
refer to the value of this parameter results in null value.
3) IN OUT Mode : IN OUT parameter is used to pass a value to a subprogram and for getting the
updated value from the subprogram.

To use/call procedure, write a PL/SQL code and include call in the code using
Pro_Name(Par_List);
Or you can execute from SQL Prompt as
execute Pro_Name(Par_List)

For dropping/deleting Procedure


DROP PROCEDURE Pro_Name;
Examples

1) Simple program to illustrate Procedure.


-- Assume file name P1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P1(A NUMBER)
AS BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A:'||A); END
P1;

Output :

Now write PL/SQL code to use procedure in separate file.


-- Assume file name testP1
DECLARE
BEGIN
P1(100); END;

Output :
2) Program to illustrate Procedure with IN mode
parameter. -- Assume file name P2
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P2(A IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A:'||A);
END P2;
/

Output :

-- Assume file name testP2


DECLARE X
NUMBER;
BEGIN X:=10;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||X);
P2(X); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||
X); END;

Output :
3) Program to illustrate Procedure with OUT mode parameter.
-- Assume file name P3
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P3(A OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
A:=100;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A:'||
A); END P3;
/

Output :

-- Assume file name testP3


DECLARE X
NUMBER;
BEGIN X:=50;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||X);
P3(X); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||
X); END;

Output :
4) Program to illustrate Procedure with OUT mode parameter.
-- Assume file name P4
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P4(A OUT NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('A:'||A); END
P4;

Output :

-- Assume file name testP4


DECLARE X
NUMBER;
BEGIN X:=10;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||X);
P4(X); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('X:'||
X); END;

Output :
5) Program to illustrate Procedure with IN OUT mode
parameter. --Assume file name P5
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P5(A IN OUT NUMBER)
AS BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('A:' || A);
END P5;
/

Output :

-- Assume file name testP5


DECLARE X
NUMBER;
BEGIN X:=10;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('X:'|| X);


P5(X); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE
('X:'|| X); END;

Output :

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