Unit 4

Leadership and Management

Part A- Leadership and Management case study

Part B- Presentation and Motivational strategy

Assessors- Dr Susan Akinwalere, Dr L Chari

Student Name-

Student ID-
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4

Company Overview.........................................................................................................................5

Part A- Leadership and Management Case study............................................................................6

Different theories of leadership concerning the management activities in different

organisations................................................................................................................................6

Different theories of management concerning the management and leadership activities in

different organisations.................................................................................................................7

Analyse the impact of the application of leadership and management theories on the
effectiveness of a large organisation............................................................................................8

Assess leadership and management style and their application in a range of business situations
in different organisations.............................................................................................................9

Compare the impact of leadership and management styles on decision making in organisations
...................................................................................................................................................10

The factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations..............................11

Evaluate the importance of organisational culture on the performance of different

organisations..............................................................................................................................12

Critically evaluates the impact of different approaches to leadership and management...........13

Part B- Presentation and Motivational strategy.............................................................................14

A motivational speech for an organisation that support optimal achievement of organisational

objectives...................................................................................................................................14

A details motivational strategy for an organisation that addresses intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation..................................................................................................................................15

A Comprehensive motivational strategy that effectively addresses all variables of motivation

to enhance organisational performance.....................................................................................16

Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management approaches

for managing performance and continuous improvement.........................................................17
 Assess how leadership and management approach for managing performance supports
continuous improvement...........................................................................................................18

Make recommendations to improve performance management that will ensure continuous

improvement..............................................................................................................................19

Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................20

References......................................................................................................................................21
 Introduction
Organisational leadership is one of the most essential things where organisational management is
a must for making an organisation successful in achieving its goals and objectives. This has
become more complex after the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The employee involvement and
efficiency are ensured by these where the organisation becomes more in advantage in the
competitive market (). This report will focus on discussing the leadership and the management of
“HSBC” in the first part. The report will also focus on the motivational strategies and
compatibility in the organisation and the employees in the second part as a presentation. Overall,
the report will describe the total form of business management and leadership in “HSBSC” to
create a clear understanding.
 Company Overview
“HSBC” is one of the best financial services and banking companies that are based in the UK.
This is a public limited company and the company was established in 1865 in British Hong
Kong. The company was founded by Sir Thomas Sutherland. The company is headquartered in 8
Canada Square, London, England. The company operates with proficiency since its
establishment all over the world. The company has been operating with more than 226,000
employees all over the world. The company has made a net income of £4.6 billion in 2020
(Nayak, et al, 2021).

Figure: “HSBC” logo (Dinesen, 2020)

Mission

To create the best financial services experience for the clients and the customers

Vision

To generate the best value all over the world through integrated banking and financial services
 Part A- Leadership and Management Case study
Different theories of leadership concerning the management activities in different
organisations
Leadership is a way for one person to influence a group of people to work together to reach a
common goal. Good leaders don't just be born. They are made through a lot of self-study,
training, hard work, and experience. There are four factors based on leadership below:

Four Factors of Leadership

Figure: Four factors of leadership (Karatepe, et al, 2020)

The leaders are the ones who lead in the workplace instead of telling the workers to do what
they need to do. A follower is a person who has been inspired by a leader toward a set of goals
and goals. They take the footsteps that their leaders have told them to follow, and they do so
(Campbell-Stephens, 2021). Communication is another important part of leadership because it
ensures that the task is done as the leader tells it to be done. In addition, the situation is going to
play a role in how the leadership turns out. There are many different ways to be a leader. But the
leader must be able to look at the situation to figure out what kind of leadership style is best for a
given situation (Habib, et al, 2021).

Major Leadership Theories

Figure: Major leadership theories (Nayak, et al, 2021)

Great Man Theory: In this case, we are referring to those who have been leaders since birth.
They have inherited their ancestor's leadership qualities. Their natural intelligence, charm,
courage, intuition and confidence allow them to thrive in any situation of “HSBC”. They have
the qualities of great men as leaders because of these characteristics (Halkias, et al, 2020).

Trait Theory: Any of these leadership qualities can be found in an outstanding version by these
leaders. However, he or she may lack in other leadership qualities, such as a command of a
particular leadership trait in “HSBC” (Delanoy, et al, 2020).

Behavioural Theory: This is a reference to a person's innate influence on his or her leadership
style. This theory only considers how the leader's actions are influenced by the external
circumstances of “HSBC”. Regardless of the situation, the leader should be able to use a specific
style of leadership (Bilginoğlu, 2021).
The Situational Theory: This leadership theory refers to the leaders that are the most capable of
adapting. These leaders are rigid in their approach to the task. Because of their adaptability, they
can adjust toward any leadership theory that focuses on their instinct of the situation in “HSBC”
(Karatepe, et al, 2020).

These leaders can take various actions based on the organisational goal where they must take
place based on the organisational goals. This will make an organisation like “HSBC” more
effective through making proper actions with ensuring the participation of the employees.
 Different theories of management concerning the management and leadership
activities in different organisations
Management is one kind of process in an organisation where the assets and the human resources
are properly utilised to bring up the best results in the market. Managers influence people to
work for the achievement of goals and objectives where the employees get support and care from
the managers. There are so many kinds of managerial theories which are used by the various
kinds of managers. Here are some of those presented below:

Scientific Management Theory

The process by which a manager develops and implements a single best method of
accomplishing goals is known as the scientific theory of management. Manufacturing, executive
recruitment, and so on are examples of processes. The optimisation is at the heart of scientific
management theory. Managers are most concerned with the best possible result of any operation.
The father of scientific management also stresses the importance of hiring the best employee,
providing proper training, and dividing work among the workforce (Bilginoğlu, 2021).

System Management Theory

System management theory is a systematic approach. Inputs include raw materials, human
resources, capital, information, and technology. Product and service, financial indicators, and
customer satisfaction as a result of the transformational process. The environment affects the
system and the feedback outputs re-evaluate the input in an organisation like “HSBC”. For
example, “HSBC” uses in financial services management where these factors are considered
properly based on the objectives (Delanoy, et al, 2020).

Contingency Theory of Management

The term "contingency" refers to the fact that management effectiveness varies depending on the
circumstances or the determinant that influences the outcome. This can also be said that the
contingency theory is relevant to the situation. For example, “HSBC” uses various strategies of
management based on the situation in the market for providing the best services where the
competitive advantage can be earned properly. This will ensure the best actions in situations
where the goals and objectives can be earned properly (Nayak, et al, 2021).

Authoritarian and Participative Theory of Management

This leadership theory emphasizes the involvement of as many stakeholders as possible who will
be impacted by a decision. The leader considers the opinions of his or her followers, and most
decisions are made democratically. For example, “HSBC” wants to appoint some persons in the
organisation for the marketing of the new financial services where the leaders take suggestions
from the internal stakeholders and the employees with proper analysis (Karatepe, et al, 2020).

With proper usage of these theories, “HSBC” can bring up the best operations where the
employees will be more effective and productive. This will make the company more capable of
earning profit in the highly competitive market.
 Analyse the impact of the application of leadership and management theories on
the effectiveness of a large organisation.
Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve a common goal. Leaders are created
through self-study, training, hard work, and experience. Organizational management and
leadership are new issues in the post-Covid-19 era. Workplace motivation is rapidly changing.
Rather than commanding labour to do a job, the leader truly led in “HSBC”. A leader guides
followers to achieve certain goals. It is also a problem for leaders to find and apply the right type
of leadership and management (Halkias, et al, 2020).

For example, supportive leadership theory enhances employee motivation, resulting in higher
productivity. They follow their leaders' lead. Communication is also an important aspect of
leadership, as it ensures that work is done as instructed in “HSBC”. However, scientific
management theory enables the organization to be even more productive and efficient (Nayak, et
al, 2021).
 Assess leadership and management style and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations
Here are different management styles presented below in the context of “HSBC” based on
various situations:

Charismatic Leadership

This is the way the leader displays the special quality known as charisma throughout a time of
crisis.' They have a high level of intelligence, excellent communication and interpersonal skills,
and a good sense of humour. For example, when the CEO of “HSBC” possesses this leadership
style he or she will be the best qualified to win over the company. It is the only and most
dangerous drawback of this kind of leadership when a leader commits a minor error, the entire
organization is put at risk (Delanoy, et al, 2020).

Transformational Leadership

This type of management encourages the development of every employee. It's their job to make a
decision and then assist their followers in dealing with the consequences. Democracy or
autocracy is not the only option for making the decision. For example, the managers of “HSBC”
who adopts this style in his or her organization will see long-term benefits rather than short-term
gains. Due to frequent improvisation, this leadership style may exhaust and demotivate followers
(Karatepe, et al, 2020).

Democratic Management

In the long run, this is the best style of management for a company like “HSBC”. In this
situation, the manager enlists the help of the employees to come up with a solution to the
problem. In a democratic system, the manager makes the final decision. It was for this reason
that the managers decided to implement a democratic leadership style in “HSBC”. The
employees are expected to take part in the activity. These people can put their skills and abilities
to good use. Involving the employees in the decision-making process will provide them with a
motivating factor.

Autocratic Management
This style puts the manager and subordinate at a distance. The boss decides. They can't think the
organization is theirs. But crisis management requires this style. Only the manager fully grasps
the situation. That's not entirely bad. For example, managers in “HSBC” began implementing
this style of management in the firm. Demotivated subordinates are common. They are always
ordered and must obey without choice (Nayak, et al, 2021).
 Compare the impact of leadership and management styles on decision making in
organisations
Management style plays an important role in decision-making. Teamwork is recognized as team
dynamics. When the company's goals are perfectly aligned. Employees are interdependent here.
Each department relies on the others. Thus, job performance will be linked. A company's success
depends on employee interactions. As an outcome, team dynamics affect corporate culture more
in organisations like “HSBC” (Halkias, et al, 2020).

In charismatic leadership, the decision is made by the employee. Instead of forcing, the leader
persuades, while transformational leadership often relies on delegation. The scenario will also
impact the outcome of the leadership. Leadership comes in many forms. However, the leaders in
“HSBC” should evaluate the situation to determine the best leadership style. As a result,
democratic management encourages employees to participate in the decision-making process,
whereas autocratic management fosters a sense of fear in the workplace. (Delanoy, et al, 2020).
 The factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations
Here are the factors that are influencing the culture in “HSBC” and the development of those:

Strategic Planning

The organization's strategic planning is what brings about the necessary changes. Everything a
business does is aimed at enhancing the firm's competitive position. Strategic planning focuses
on the long-term success of the business. The planning process of “HSBC” has an impact on the
culture of the organization.

Leadership Development

The benchmark of an organization is set by its leaders. Within the company, they are to serve as
role models. Setting high standards for themselves and others is what they do best. Workers'
behaviour is influenced by the leadership's seriousness. It's the leadership style of “HSBC” that
explains to the employee why they'll do what they're doing. They need to know what to do when
making decisions and carrying out their responsibilities (Nayak, et al, 2021).

Team Dynamics

The term "team dynamics" refers to the cooperation between employees. The company's goals
and objectives are perfectly aligned at this point in “HSBC”. Employees in this establishment are
intertwined. Everything depends on everything else in the organisation. This means that
employee performance will also be interconnected over the organisation. With the new goal and
step-by-step target, the company will be pushed towards organizational development (Barber,
2021).
 Evaluate the importance of organisational culture on the performance of different
organisations.
Organizations like “HSBC” operate in unique ways. A technology-based organization's operation
must be flexible. Situational leaders are the most capable of adapting leaders. Strategic planning
is a process of changing a company's fundamentals. Everything a company does is to gain a
competitive edge. The strategy focuses on improving the firm long-term. The company's
strategic planning influences its culture (Halkias, et al, 2020).

These bosses are adamant about their work. They can adapt to every leadership philosophy based
on perceptions of the situation. The traditional financial and banking organization, on the other
hand, requires a more rigid framework.
 Critically evaluates the impact of different approaches to leadership and
management.
When it comes to running a successful business, leadership and management are the two most
important factors to consider. As a result, a variety of leadership styles may emerge in an
organization. For example, the leaders of “HSBC” should assess the situation and conditions
before placing their leadership into action (Delanoy, et al, 2020).
Part B- Presentation and Motivational strategy
A motivational speech for an organisation that support the optimal achievement of
organisational objectives

What is Motivation?

Motivation is the mental state that defines the intensity, direction, and persistence of effort
toward a specific goal or outcome ().

Motivation = Intensity + Direction + Persistent Effort

Motivational Theories

Many theories have been proposed by theorists in an attempt to explain the motivational factors
and how they influence human behaviour. Generally speaking, motivational theories can be
divided into two categories: content and process (Nayak, et al, 2021).

Content Theories

The content theories focus on what motivates people to accomplish a specific goal or what they
need to do to achieve it. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, McClelland's Theory of Needs,
Herzberg's Two - factor Theory, and Alderfer's ERG Theory of Needs are examples of content
theories (Barber, 2021).

Process Theories

An individual's desire to complete a specific task is influenced by a variety of psychological and

behavioural factors. Adam's Equity Theory, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, Locke's Goal Setting
Theory, and Skinner's Reinforcement Theory are examples of process motivational theories
(Karatepe, et al, 2020).
 Performance Management & Continuous Improvement

Performance management is the management of getting employees to work harder so that they
can meet a higher standard for “HSBC”. People who are in charge of a group set the standard for
what the group should do. They are to show the entire company how to do things right in
“HSBC”. They set up and spread a culture of obligation, which includes meeting requirements
on time, and along with other things. Employees act the way they do because their bosses are
sincere. It often means taking advantage of resources and opportunities and combining them with
the skills of everyone on the team in “HSBC” (Delanoy, et al, 2020). The formula structure is
below:

Performance = Function {Motivation × Opportunity × Ability}

As it can be seen, motivation is among the three things that make a business run better.
Intrinsic Rewards

It is called an "intrinsic reward" when an employee administers the reward on their own. People
who work with an employee might make them feel good if they think they are good at a job or
have good control over it. Those employees can also be excited about the chance for personal
growth in the workplace of “HSBC”.

Extrinsic Rewards

Extrinsic rewards are incentives that are given or approved by someone else, like the supervisor
or manager in “HSBC”. Types of extrinsic rewards are bonuses, paid time off, or just time off,
promotions for good work, or awards for a specific achievement.
 A detailed motivational strategy for an organisation that addresses intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation

Self-Esteem and Locus of Control

A person's sense of control over their work-life or external events. External basis of control
employees feels disproportionate influence over their professional life. Those with an internal
locus that their actions, skills, and knowledge determine the results of their efforts in “HSBC”
(Nayak, et al, 2021).

Employee Needs

What an employee requires or values is the manager's responsibility once he/she has identified
the employee's motivational traits (whether intrinsic or extrinsic or if the employee does have an
internally or externally locus of control). The manager must then integrate those requirements
with rewards that are being supplied to the employee in “HSBC” (Delanoy, et al, 2020).

Cultural Differences

To understand what motivates the employees on a personal level, it is important to understand

the cultural differences between employees in “HSBC”. Even in today's world, where the world
has gone worldwide and workers from different parts of the world of the worlds with unique
cultural aspects are starting to work inside the same place, this is true (Karatepe, et al, 2020).
 A Comprehensive motivational strategy that effectively addresses all variables of
motivation to enhance organisational performance

Empowering Employees

There are two parts to empowering employees which are giving them responsibilities that they
can do on their own, as well as giving them trust and/or encouragement (Delanoy, et al, 2020).

Reward System

Managers have to be able to tell the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors of
motivation when they reward an employee. It might not be worth as much to different employees
in “HSBC” to get the same things (Barber, 2021).

Redesigning Jobs

Another way to motivate employees is to change their jobs. There are many different ways to
change jobs in the world today because of the new things digital technology has done for the
workplace. People can change the jobs that make them bigger or move them around. They can
also make their jobs better in “HSBC” (Halkias, et al, 2020).

Creating Flexibility
Flexibility is a working way of managing that can be used to inspire employees. Flexible work
schedules include shortened workweeks, job sharing, and telecommuting (Nayak, et al, 2021).
 Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management
approaches for managing performance and continuous improvement

Techniques for continuous improvement and performance management are presented below for
HSBC”:

1. Specific objectives and goals identification

2. Definition and delegation of the roles

3. Creation of goal-based performance plan

4. Proper observation of performance improvement

5. Development of performance-based culture in the workplace

6. Proper and continuous feedback system

7. Performance-based recognition and reward systems

 Assess how leadership and management approach for managing performance
supports continuous improvement.

Performance Management

Managers use performance management as a strategic approach to keep an eye on their

employees' activities to ensure that they are performing at a high level. When employees perform
better, the company as a whole performs better or achieves more success for “HSBC” (Halkias,
et al, 2020).

Continuous Improvement and Leadership Vision

Leadership vision for long-term sustainability is required for continuous improvement.

Employee performance can only be improved if the long-term goals of “HSBC” are also taken
into consideration by the leader. In addition, these goals need to be communicated to employees
and supervised as time goes on, as well (Delanoy, et al, 2020).
 Make recommendations to improve performance management that will ensure
continuous improvement

These are some of the recommendations for making the performance more enhanced:

1. Development of transferring competencies

2. Well-defined communication system

3. Utilisation of proper communication channels and features

4. Ensuring the effectiveness in collaboration

5. Utilising performance tracking and analysing technologies and software

6. Development of critical and analytical skills

 Conclusion
After all the discussion, it can be concluded that the business management and leadership in
“HSBC” are running in a proper way where the performance is rising with time and the company
is being more successful in the market. The company also tends to be somewhat in problem with
a proper leadership style based on the context of business objectives where proper performance
management and continuous improvement with the recommendations will help a lot in the
Covid-19 outbreak.
 References
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Organizations

Barber, A., 2021, HSBC: Learning Without Change?. In: UK Banks and the Lessons of the Great
Financial Crisis. Building a Sustainable Political Economy: SPERI Research & Policy.

Bilginoğlu, E., 2021, Equine-Assisted Experiential Learning on Leadership Development,

International Journal of Organizational Leadership, Vol. 10, Issue 2021, pp. 3-16

Campbell-Stephens, R. M., 2021, Culturally Competent Leadership. In: Educational Leadership

and the Global Majority.

Daryanto, W. M., 2021, Audit, Accounting, and Finance Training for Management Trainees of
PT HSBC Jakarta

Delanoy, N., and Kasztelnik, K., 2020, Business Open Big Data Analytics to Support Innovative
Leadership and Management Decision in Canada

Dinesen, C., 2020, Bank Failures Cause Crisis: How Absent Management in Banks Can Cause a
Crisis. In: Absent Management in Banking.

Habib, S. M. A., Islam, S. N., Pandit, A. C., Ezaz, S., and Islam. M., 2021, Leadership
Approaches, Governance and Emotional Intelligence: The Case of the Banking Industry of
Bangladesh

Halkias, D., and Neubert, M., 2020, Extension of Theory in Leadership and Management Studies
Using the Multiple Case Study Design

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mediate the impact of servant leadership on management innovation and innovative behavior in
the hotel industry?", International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 32,
Issue 8, pp. 2497-2517.

Nayak, B. S., and Lai, H., 2021, Strategies and Transformations in Chinese Banking Industry: A
Study of the HSBC Bank (China) Ltd. from 2010 to 2019.
Rizvi, S. K. A., Mirza, N., and Naqvi, B., 2020, Covid-19 and asset management in EU: a
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