Student Name/ ID

Number

Unit Number and Unit 4: Leadership and Management

Title

Unit Code: L/618/5036

Type: Core
Level: 4
Credit Value: 15
Academic Year 2021/2022

Unit Tutor Peter Kottayil, Saheed Ayinde

Assignment Title Task 1: Leadership and Management in the Workplace

Task 2: Presenting Motivational Strategy

Issue Date 24/01/2022

Submission Date 13/03/2022

Learner Declaration:
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources
are fully acknowledged.
Student signature: Date:
Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................4

Business Overview......................................................................................................................5

Part 1................................................................................................................................................6

P1 Discuss different theories of leadership in relation to the management activities in different

organisations................................................................................................................................6

P2 Explore different theories of management in relation to the management and leadership

activities in different organisations..............................................................................................7

P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations..............................................................................8

P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations.............9

M1 Analyse the impact of the application of leadership and management theories on the
effectiveness of a large organisation..........................................................................................10

M2 Compare the impact of leadership and management styles on decision making in different
organisations..............................................................................................................................11

M3 Evaluate the importance of organisational culture on the performance of different

organisations..............................................................................................................................12

D1 Critically evaluate the impact of different approaches to leadership and management......13

Part-2..............................................................................................................................................14

P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of

organisational objectives...........................................................................................................14

M4 Produce a detailed motivational strategy for an organisation that addresses intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation...................................................................................................................15

D2 Produce a comprehensive motivational strategy that effectively addresses all variables of

motivation to enhance organisational performance...................................................................16

P6 Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management

approaches for managing performance and continuous improvement......................................17
M5 Assess how leadership and management approaches for managing performance support
continuous improvement...........................................................................................................18

D3 Make recommendations to improve performance management that will ensure continuous

improvement..............................................................................................................................19

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................20

References..................................................................................................................................21
 Introduction
I am writing this paper as the newly appointed trainee executive search consultant in “Hays”.
This paper is a collaboration of two tasks which are a report and a presentation on leadership and
management. The report will focus on workplace management and leadership where the theories
and principles will be explained with effectiveness based on the operations of “Hays”. This will
also review the culture based on the leadership and management in the workplace. The
presentation will present a motivational strategy where the performance management and the
continuous improvement system with management and leadership.
 Business Overview
“Hays” is one of the best leadership consulting, executive search, recruitment, and culture
shaping company in the UK which is also a listed public limited company. The organisation was
founded in 1867 and headquartered in London, England. This multinational company operates in
33 countries with 11,377 employees. The net income in 2020 was £63.57 million (Aboramadan,
et al, 2021).

Figure: “Hays” logo (Wu, et al, 2021)

Mission

To provide the best employees and shape the culture and leadership of the business world

Vision

To generate the best value with the best executive search services
 Part 1
P1 Discuss different theories of leadership to the management activities in different
organisations.
Leadership is one of the most important skills that enable one to make people work together for
the achievement of the shared goals in an organisation. People are not good leaders since birth
but develop with practice, self-study, and hard work (Mahne, 2021). In leadership, four basic
elements are considered which are leaders, followers. The situation, and communication. These
are vital in any organisation like “Hays”.

Figure: leadership factors (Etse, et al, 2021)

There are various kinds of leadership theories that are compatible with the managers and can be
used in the management of “Hays”. Here are those presented below:

Great Man Theory

This theory is focused on the birth belief of being a leader where some of the managers in
“Hays” are leaders from the starting. They can survive and lead in every situation with their
intellect, skill, charm, confidence, intuition, and courage. These characteristics make them the
best fit for any situation to manage the people in the organisation (Wu, et al, 2021).
 Figure: Leadership theories (Mahne, 2021)

Contingency Theory

This theory focuses on the contingency in the leadership in “Hays” where leaders are considered
effective based on their response and reaction in different circumstances. This makes the
managers in the company suitable for different tasks and the leading facility in the organisation.
This can bring up better positioning (Hewitt, et al, 2021).

Trait Theory

This is mainly based on the leadership qualities of a person where the managers are considered
as the leaders. They may have one of the qualities of leaders to be called as a leader where they
may lack others in leadership for the process of “Hays” (Nani, et al, 2021).

Behavioural Theory

This is based on the personal influence by nature where they lead a team in their styles. This
theory also talks about the behaviour of a person based on the external factors where the course
of actions is driven out. Whatever the situation is in “Hays” the managers must lead in their
specific leadership styles (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).

The Situational Theory

This is based on the organisation situation for different organisations like “Hays” where the
managers will survive as leaders. These leaders will be very flexible in their tasks to complete
those productively. These leaders can adapt to any kind of leadership theory where the objectives
will be achieved in any situation (Briggs, 2021).

Figure: Hard skills vs soft skills (Hewitt, et al, 2021)

These leadership theories can bring up very good results through proper fit and usage with the
strategies to turn the managers into efficient leaders. This will make “Hays” more successful in
the market. The leaders and managers focus on mainly two skills to be effective and those are:

Soft Skills: These are the skills of managers or leaders that are very hard and unclear for
measuring and defining. These include good interpersonal ability, teamwork skills, critical
thinking skills, adaptability skills, etc. These create better effectiveness in jobs for effectiveness.

Hard Skills: These are the skills of managers or leaders that are easy and clear for measuring
and defining. These are the backbone of a job and is assisted by soft skills which include skills
like sales, technology skills, coding, cashflow management, and others (Mahne, 2021).
P2 Explore different theories of management with the management and leadership
activities in different organisations.
Management is one kind of resource utilisation process of an organisation like where a person
creates proper utilisation of human, machine, materials, and other resources to achieve the goals
and objectives of the organisation. Managers works on influencing people on completing the
tasks productively to bring up the best results for the organisation through instructions and
support. Here various theories of management are presented below for leadership and
management activities:

Figure: Management theories (Nani, et al, 2021)

Scientific Management Theory

The process through which a manager follows the best suitable method based on scientific
assistance and analysis. This theory focuses on more optimisation of the processes through
scientific advancement and analysis in “Hays”. For example, executive recruitment,
manufacturing, etc. Here, managers focus more on advancing the employees where the best
results can be driven for achieving success. This theory prioritises hiring, training, delegation,
and other human-based processes (Etse, et al, 2021).

System Management Theory

This theory more focuses on the systematic approach where the input and output are compared
and measured for better results. Here, inputs are included as capital, human resources,
technology, information, and raw materials whereas the outputs are considered as financial state,
service, products, and customer satisfaction. This property maintains the transformational
process for the achievement of the goals and objectives. The total system is affected by a culture
where the feedback is used in “Hays” for better evaluation. For example, human resources are
managed based on the objectives and work process (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).

Contingency Theory of Management

This theory of management is based on the effectiveness of the management with the factor that
influences the outcomes or the factors of the outcomes for “Hays”. This is more suitable in
various situations where the company works on competitive advantages in the market. The
company always have such managers that work on the strategies based on the situations in the
market. This brings up the best actions to achieve the goals and objectives more efficiently (Wu,
et al, 2021).

Authoritarian and Participative Theory of Management

This theory is based on the stakeholders where they are considered more by the managers to
bring up the best results in the market. The decisions are made by managers in such a way so that
they can be affected positively in achieving the business goals. This is a more democratic
management style where the manager and leaders listen to the opinions of the employees where
the innovation in the process is more considered. This is more followed by the leaders and
managers in “Hays” for achieving the goals and objectives successfully (Mahne, 2021).

Employees can be higher productive and responsible in their jobs for “Hays” through these
theories where the objectives can be achieved. This will also bring up the competitive advantages
for better growth in the market.
 M1 Analyse the impact of the application of leadership and management theories
on the effectiveness of a large organisation.
Leadership is the practice of persuading people to work together to accomplish a shared
objective. Leaders are developed by a combination of self-study, training, dedication, and
experience. Organisational management and leadership come with various difficulties with the
occurrence that have emerged in the post-Covid-19 era. Workplace motivation is evolving at a
fast pace. Rather than ordering workers to do a task, the leader demonstrated true leadership in
“Hays”. A leader directs his or her followers toward achieving certain objectives. The inability of
leaders to identify and implement the appropriate kind of management and leadership is also a
concern (Wu, et al, 2021).

For example, the helpful leadership idea increases staff enthusiasm and productivity. Their
leaders lead them. Communication helps ensure the job gets completed as directed in “Hays”. It
allows the organisation to be more productive and efficient (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).
 P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a
range of business situations in different organisations.
Various leadership and management styles are present which are very helpful to achieve the
organisational goals and objectives for organisations like “Hays”. Here are some of the
leadership and management styles presented below:

Figure: Charismatic leadership (Nani, et al, 2021)

Charismatic Leadership

This leadership style is based on the display of charisma which is one kind of special quality in a
critical time. This is shown through high intellect, good interpersonal skills, great sense of
humour, etc. For example, the CEO and the MD in “Hays” use this leadership style where they
impress and influence all the employees through a good sense of humour and intellect. The
organisation gets at real risk when a leader using this style makes a minimal mistake which is the
only dreadful con of this leadership style (Hewitt, et al, 2021).

Figure: Transformational leadership (Etse, et al, 2021)

Transformational Leadership

This is the leadership style based on leading the employees through developing and enhancing
them with enthusiasm and skills. Here the leaders are cooperative and motivative and the
employees have the authority on making innovative decisions based on the situation to create
better results in achieving the objectives of the job based on the situation. Here, the managers can
be strict when the time comes. For example, the functional managers in “Hays” bring up both
long term and short-term goals for employees and manage them according to that. This brings up
continuous improvement and situation based democratic and autocratic management. The main
drawback of this style is the demotivation and exhausting tasks for continuous improvement (Al-
Swidi, et al, 2021).

Democratic Management

This can be considered as one of the best management styles for long term results where the
managers take the opinions of the employees and help them to think for the solution. This brings
up better motivation and support in the job of the employees to bring up better results. The
managers in “Hays” focus on this kind of management style for better results in the market to
bring up the best results for competitive advantages and growth for the company. The employees
are expected by managers to bring up their skills and knowledge through the participation of
employees’. The motivation brings up a better work process with higher innovation and
productivity (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).

Autocratic Management

This is the management style with the authority to be centralised only for the boss where the
subordinates have no power at all in decision making. This is best suitable and used by the
managers and leaders in “Hays” throughout the critical moments in the market. This seems to be
bad where the manager has the only spot for making decisions but it can be useful in some
moments. As the employees don’t have enough choice, they often get dissatisfied with the
process and they may lose interest and effectiveness in their job (Wu, et al, 2021).
 P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in
organisations.
Culture is the most important thing in a company which makes an employee behave properly and
perform the tasks in an organisation. Several factors bring up different results through affecting
the development of the culture in an organisation like “Hays”. Here are those described below:

Figure: Cultural factors (Hewitt, et al, 2021)

Strategic Planning

Bringing up necessary development and changes strategic planning is vital which makes an
organisation like “Hays” successful in achieving the goals and objectives. These are the activities
that focus on long-term success and competitive advantages. This shapes the culture where the
employees act according to that and creates their relation, communication, and behaviour
according to the strategic planning (Mahne, 2021).

Leadership Development

Leadership is one of the important things in a culture where the policies and the benchmarks are
set by the leaders. The leadership style makes the employees act according to them because
leaders are the role models. The seriousness and standards set by the leaders can shape the
behaviours of the employees. The employees in “Hays” always know their roles and
responsibilities in the organisations with the objectives that they are working on because the
leaders explain those properly to shape effective behaviours (Wu, et al, 2021).
Team Dynamics

The collaborative working portfolio among the employees is considered as the team dynamics in
“Hays” where the objectives are properly positioned to the employees. This brings up the best
results for the organisation through productiveness which makes the employees develop more
through enough learning and observing with peer support. This also brings up better behaviour
and responsibility in the culture to bring up the best interconnection and step by step goal
achievement through different tasks for organisational development and growth (Aboramadan, et
al, 2021).
M2 Compare the impact of leadership and management styles on decision making
in different organisations.
The management style of a company has a significant impact on decision-making. Teamwork is
referred to as team dynamics in the industry. When the aims of the organisation are fully
matched. Employees in this company are dependent on one another. Each department is reliant
on the other departments. As a result, work performance will be connected to compensation.
Employee relationships are critical to the success of a firm. As a result, team dynamics have a
greater impact on corporate culture in companies like “Hays” (Hewitt, et al, 2021).

The employee decides under charismatic leadership. While transformative leadership typically
depends on delegation, it does not force. The situation will also affect leadership. Leadership has
many faces. Leadership style should be determined by the circumstances in “Hays”. As a
consequence, democratic management empowers people to make decisions, while autocratic
management creates fear (Etse, et al, 2021).
 M3 Evaluate the importance of organisational culture on the performance of
different organisations.
Organizations such as "Hays" function in a distinctive manner. The operations of a technology-
based firm must be adaptable to changing circumstances. Leaders who can adjust to changing
circumstances are known as situational leaders. Strategic planning is for altering the basics of a
company's operations. Everything a business does is geared at gaining a competitive advantage.
The plan is geared toward the long-term growth and improvement of the company. The strategic
strategy of the firm has an impact on its culture (Mahne, 2021).

These managers are passionate about the quality of their job. They can adapt to any leadership
ideology depending on their assessments of the current situation. However, a stricter structure is
required for conventional executive search organisations, which are not as prevalent nowadays
(Aboramadan, et al, 2021).
 D1 Critically evaluate the impact of different approaches to leadership and
management.
Organizations must develop effective leadership and management abilities to succeed. When
starting a successful business venture or organisation, these are the two most important
considerations to keep in mind at all times. This situation is likely to result in a variety of
leadership styles emerging in any given organisation as a result of this occurrence. Before
putting their leadership into action, the leaders of "Hays" should investigate the current situation
and surrounding conditions (Hewitt, et al, 2021).
Part-2
 P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports the optimal
achievement of organisational objectives.

What is Motivation?

Motivation is one kind of tool for the leaders and managers to influence the employees
effectively in an organisation like “Hays” to make them work according to the plan through
satisfying the employee needs which is done to direct towards achieving the desired goals
effectively in the market for growth and profitability. The equation of motivation can be
presented as below:

Motivation = Direction + Persistent Effort + Intensity

Motivational Theories

There are so many theories of motivation were presented by the researchers and the scholars
which can be used for organisations like “Hays”. These are mainly presented for making the
humans in an organisation effective and enthusiastic for better results which can be divided into
two types. These are presented below:

Content Theories: These are theories based on the factors that motivate a person o0r a group of
persons to bring up their effectiveness in achieving the goals and objectives. These theories
include Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Motivational Theory, McClelland’s Needs
Theory, Alfred’s ERG Theory, and others (Hewitt, et al, 2021).

Process Theories: These are the theories based on the psychology and behaviour of an employee
or a group of employees so that the motivation can be provided through their will and managers’
influence. These include Goal-Setting Theory, Adam’s Equity Theory, Reinforcement Theory,
and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (Mahne, 2021).
Performance Management and Continuous Improvement

Performance management is the process of creating higher effectiveness in the job of the
employees so that the standards can be met based on the goals and objectives of a company like
“Hays”. People in charge in the company are responsible for setting the standards in the
company based on the task on goal achievement through designing the whole work process.
They establish and propagate a culture of commitment, which involves, among other things,
fulfilling deadlines and complying with all applicable standards. Employees behave in a certain
manner because their managers are true in their intentions. It often entails making use of
available resources and opportunities in “Hays”, as well as integrating those resources and
possibilities with the abilities of everyone on the team (Wu, et al, 2021). The equation for
motivation is as below:

Performance = Function {Motivation × Opportunity × Ability}

Individual Motivational Strategy

Different people can be influenced by two types of rewards which are presented below:

Intrinsic Rewards: When an employee in “Hays” distributes the incentive on their own, it is
referred to as an intrinsic reward. People working with an employee may help them feel better if
they believe they are excellent at their job or have a strong handle on it. Those workers may be
enthusiastic about the emphasis on personal improvement in the job as well (Nani, et al, 2021).

Extrinsic Rewards: When someone else provides or approves an incentive, such as a boss or
supervisor in the case of “Hays”, it is known as extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic incentives include
bonuses, overtime pay, pay off, promotions for doing a good job, and prizes for achieving a
particular goal or accomplishment (Etse, et al, 2021).
 M4 Produce a detailed motivational strategy for an organisation that addresses
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Self-Esteem and Locus of Control

It refers to a person's perception of control on the job or outside circumstances. Employees

perceive disproportionate power over their work lives as a result of their external foundation of
control. Those who believe that their activities, abilities, and knowledge influence the outcome
of their effort in “Hays” (Hewitt, et al, 2021).

Employee Needs

Identifying an employee’s intrinsic or extrinsic motivational features, or whether the individual

has an internal or external locus of control, is the manager’s duty. The management must then
combine these criteria with the employee's benefits (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).

Cultural Differences

It is necessary to define the cultural variations amongst workers in “Hays” for better
comprehending what drives them on a personal level for motivation. Even in today's society, the
globe has become more interconnected (Mahne, 2021).
 D2 Produce a comprehensive motivational strategy that effectively addresses all
variables of motivation to enhance organisational performance.

Empowering Employees

This can bring up better motivation and respect for the employees in “Hays” where the
employees will engage more in the tasks. The empowerment process must be done in two ways
either autonomy or authority (Mahne, 2021).

Reward System

When rewarding an employee, managers must differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation. The same incentive may not be regarded equally by all workers. This idea is further
discussed in the following section.

Redesigning Jobs

Properly designing jobs is another strategy to inspire people. Today, with the advent of digital
technology, there are several options for changing careers. Jobs may be changed to make them
larger or relocate. They may improve their employment in “Hays” to improve the whole process
(Aboramadan, et al, 2021).
Creating Flexibility

When it comes to working, flexibility is a management approach that may be utilised to motivate
and inspire staff. More flexible work schedules include shorter working days, job sharing, and
remote jobs from home (Hewitt, et al, 2021).
P6 Apply to a range of business situations, appropriate leadership and management
approach for managing performance and continuous improvement.

Practical Examples

“Accenture” has enhanced the workforce performance appraisal system to provide workers real-
time feedback from their immediate supervisors. The company’s intranet software also focuses
on staff development. All of this has resulted in a 90% reduction in performance management
difficulty (Wu, et al, 2021).

“Cargill” has created a staff continuous improvement process called Everyday Performance
Management, which is centred on an interesting manager-employee connection in which tasks
and feedback are blended into scheduled interactions (Aboramadan, et al, 2021).

Listed below are methods for continuous improvement as well as performance control that can
be used to “Hays” for better results of profit and growth in the market:

1. Identification of specific aims and goals

2. Roles are defined and delegated.

3. Development of a performance strategy based on goals

4. Proper performance improvement monitoring

5. Workplace performance-based culture development

6. A proper and ongoing feedback mechanism is required.

7. Systems of recognition and reward based on performance.

 M5 Assess how leadership and management approach for managing performance
support continuous improvement.

Performance Management

Most of the time for managers, performance management is used to strategically monitor their
workers’ actions to guarantee good performance. When workers perform better, the firm
performs better and “Hays” succeeds more (Mahne, 2021).

Continuous Improvement and Leadership Vision

Continuous improvement requires a long-term leadership vision. Employee performance could

only develop if the leader considers the long-term aims of “Hays”. These objectives must also be
conveyed to staff and monitored over time (Hewitt, et al, 2021).
D3 Make recommendations to improve performance management that will ensure
continuous improvement.

Listed below are some suggestions for improving the overall performance of the system in
“Hays”:

1. The development of transferrable abilities

2. Communication system that is well described

3. Communication channels and characteristics that are appropriate for the situation

4. Assuring the success of cooperation through the use of performance monitoring and analysis
tools and software is essential.

5. Improvement of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities (Aboramadan, et al, 2021)

 Conclusion
After all the discussions on leadership and management in “Hays”, it can be concluded that the
leadership and management in the company are effective enough for the employees and the
process where all the situations can be handled properly. The motivational strategies can bring
up better results where employees will be more dedicated and responsible. This will make the
company higher effective. But the whole business needs better leadership development to make
proper directions for employees during the Covid-19 outbreak where the employee and
management relation will also be developed.
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