INSTITUT KEMAHIRAN MARA SUNGAI PETANI

DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE SITE SUPERVISION

DTJ 50183 BUILDING REGULATION & PRACTICE
T1 (A)- ASSIGNMENT THEORY – 20%

JULY – DECEMBER 2023

UNIT 1: UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAW 1984
UNIT 2: CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION

PREPARED BY :MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN MOHAMAD PUZI (DSJ 5B)

MARKED BY : PN .KASURIA HIDAYAH BINTI MAT DAUD
SUBMISSION DATE :1 OCT 2023

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NO CONTENTS PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. UNIT 1:Q1 (SUBMISSION OF PLAN APPROVAL 4
3. Q2 (SPACE LIGHT AND VENTILATION) 5-6
4. Q3 (FIRE REQUIREMENT) 7-9
5. UNIT 2: Q1 (DEFINITION OF CONTRACT) 10
6. Q2 (EXPLAIN 5 PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACT) 10-11
7. Q3 (DESCRIBE TYPES OF CONTACT BASED ON 12
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA
8. Q4 (EXPLAIN THE DEFINITION OF TERM BELOW 13
-QUOTATION
-TENDER
9. Q5 ( DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 14-15
DRAWINGS TYPES IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
OR ARCHITECTURAL TERMS BELOW
-ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
-STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
-PLUMBING DRAWING
-FINISHINGS DRAWING
10. CONCLUSION 16

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 INTRODUCTION

With this subject, we learn about aspects related to construction laws in Malaysia. We can
also identify some items on how to design for a specific house or building in accordance with
the standard of what we have learned. The topic this time includes a number of topics,
including topics that have been studied, such as Unit 1 regarding UNIFORM BUILDING BY
LAW 1984 and Unit 2 regarding CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION. Regarding contract
paperwork, we were able to locate Malaysian contracts such Tender, Quotation, Contract
Principles, and contract based on Malaysia's construction sector.

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 UNIT 1 : UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAW 1984
Q1: SUBMISSION OF PLAN APPROVAL

DEFINITION OF ARCHITECT
A person who plans, designs, and supervises the construction of buildings is known as an
architect. To practice architecture is to offer services related to the planning of structures with
a primary focus on human habitation or usage, as well as the area surrounding such
structures.
Different regions have different standards for architects' professional qualifications. Because
an architect's choices can have an impact on public safety, they must complete specialized
training that includes advanced study and a practicum (or internship) to gain real-world
experience. Although there are different practical, technical, and academic criteria for
becoming an architect depending on the jurisdiction, formal academic study of architecture
has been essential to the growth of the field.

DEFINE WHERE AND TO WHOM THE PLAN SHOULD BE SUBMITTED

All plans for building submitted to the local authority for approval in addition to the
requirement of section 70 of the act shall
a) Be deposited at the office of the local authority together with the fees prescribed for
the submission of such plans in accordance with the first schedule to these by laws;
b) Bear upon them a statement showing for what purpose the building for which the
plans are submitted is to be erected and used:
c) Bear the certification of the principal submitting persons or submitting persons on
these plans together with form a as set out in the second schedule to these by-laws for
which they are respectively responsible.
Every plan,drawing or calculation in respect of any building shall be submitted by a principal
submitting person or submitting person.
Return of plan, a local authority may if it is of the view that any plan ,drawing or calculation
is beyond the competence of such principal submitting person or submitting person
submitting the same ,return such plan ,drawing or calculation.

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Q2: SPACE LIGHT AND VENTILATION

DEFINITION OF NATURAL AND VENTILATION LIGHTING

May function better in a setting with lots of sunlight and fresh air than one with less natural
lighting and ventilation. People are happier and more motivated in an environment that is
appropriately illuminated and ventilated. This applies to everyone, from office workers to
industry workers to students. Because of this, appropriate natural ventilation and daylighting
can drastically improve your facility.
Natural ventilation and lighting are important aspects of architectural design that can improve
the health, comfort and energy efficiency of buildings. However, design for natural
ventilation and lighting requires careful planning, analysis and integration of various
strategies and technologies. In this article, you will learn some best practices for designing
natural ventilation and lighting in buildings, such as.

MINIMUM AREA AND DIMENSION BUILDING TERMS ROOMS AND BEDROOM

Standard bedroom sizes
Standard-size bedrooms range from 12′ x 12′ to 13′ x 16′, depending on the room. The width of
the room is typically more than the length, though there are some exceptions. Bedrooms that
are 10′ wide by 11′ long are considered “standard size.” These rooms have a lot of storage
space or other features you may want in your bedroom.

Average bedroom sizes

A bedroom is often thought of as a stylish living space where you can rest your head after a
long day at work or in the kitchen. The square footage must be large enough to accommodate
the bed and a small storage area. This is whether it is the master bedroom, kids’ room, guest
room, or small bedroom.
Most homeowners envision a large room with a California king or queen-size bed and a
closet, preferably a walk-in closet. In smaller homes with small bedrooms, this may only
sometimes be possible. Your dream home, you do not have to miss out on that beautiful
bedroom you covet. All it takes is some planning based on the room’s square footage to make
it work.
Average master bedroom size
The average size of a master bedroom is between 200 and 250 square feet. Beds, chests of
drawers, and other large furniture can be accommodated in these rooms, which average 14
feet by 16 feet. It is common for master bedrooms to be located near a bathroom, and they are
often included in the layout of the house. They are considered master suites if that is the case.
Space requirements for a bedroom

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A well-organised and aesthetically pleasing bedroom is the ideal place to start and end your
day. When remodelling a bedroom, it is imperative to keep certain furniture and space
requirements in mind.
Minimum bedroom size
According to the International Residential Building Code, a bedroom must be at least 70
square feet, with a maximum height of 7 feet. Added 130 square feet to this minimum is
required for a double bedroom (at least 150 square feet total).

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Q3 : FIRE REQUIREMENT

a) Fire alarm

A piece of equipment that makes a loud noise to warn people of a fire in a building, or a
switch connected to this equipment: An electrical fault had set off the fire alarm. If the fire
alarm sounds, leave the building immediately

b) Alarm system

This system is required to be provided in high building , in automatic systems

,detectors will be grouped in zones so that location of the fire can be identified and the alarm
in the zone will be activated.

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 c) FIRE STAIRCASE

A fire fighting staircase shall be provided to give direct access to each fire fighting access
lobby and accessible from outside of the building at fire appliances access level,
- Dead end limit =10m
- Un-sprinkered = 30m
- Sprinklered =45m

d) EMERGENCY LIGHTING

The exit signage with light also importance to lead the occupant to escape the building when
fire,emergency lighting is required to provide a minimum level of illumination in the event of
failure of the normal lighting.

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 e) WET RISER

Wet rising mains are fitted in tall buildings due to the excessive pressures required to pump
water to high levels. A Wet riser is a supply system intended to distribute water to multiple
levels or compartments of a building, as a component of its fire fighting systems.
They are advantageous to the fire service in two respects. Firstly they provide a fixed
distribution system within the building that requires no fire service resources or equipment.
Secondly it is designed as part of, and to maintain, the compartmentation of the building.

EXPLAIN THE DEFINITION OF:

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Components or systems that delay or hinder the spread of smoke or fire without activating the
system and typically without movement are referred to as passive fire protection (PFP).Floor-
ceiling-and-roof assemblies, fire doors, windows, and wall assemblies, fire-resistant coatings,
and other fire and smoke control assemblies are a few examples of passive systems. Active
elements like fire dampers can be used in passive fire protection systems.

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection. AFP is characterized by
items and/or systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to
work, contrary to passive fire protection.

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 UNIT 2: CONTRACT DOCUMENTATION
Q1 : DEFINITION OF CONTRACT
A construction contract is an agreement between two or more parties to perform construction
on a project according to certain terms and conditions. These contracts are comprised of
general and special conditions. They address topics such as scope of work, payments,
schedule, and quality to address each party’s rights and obligations. There are many types of
construction contracts available in the industry, but here are four types with which all
professionals should be familiar.

Q2 :EXPLAIN 5 PRINCIPLES OF CONTRACT

- Offer and acceptance

The meaning of offer and acceptance is the basis of a contract. To form a contract, there must
be an offer made by one party which is, in turn, accepted by another party, and then, in most
cases goods and/or services must be exchanged between the two.

- An intention to create a legal relationship

Intention to create legal relations indicates the intention of parties to enter into a legally
binding agreement. It shows that the parties are ready to accept the legal consequences of the
agreement, which means that they are serious about it.

- Consideration to be paid for the promise made

Consideration is a promise, performance, or forbearance bargained by a promisor in exchange
for their promise. Consideration is the main element of a contract. Without consideration by
both parties, a contract cannot be enforceable.

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 - Legal capacity of the parties to act
An individual or company must have minimal mental capacity to understand the terms and
ramifications of a contract in order to enter a contract. As long as an individual is a person
over the age of eighteen, not under the influence of drugs or alcohol (in certain situations),
and mentally competent, they are considered to have the legal capacity to enter a contract. As
far as a business goes, it depends on the type of business and the laws of the state where it is
located. This is where the internal company documents come into play. Bylaws, articles of
incorporation, business agreements, and other documents should state which officer(s) may
enter into contracts on behalf of the company.

- Legality of the agreement

Legality is an involved warranty that an agreement or contract strictly follows the law of a
particular jurisdiction. For example, for insurance contracts, the assumption is that all
involved risks are covered under the policy are legal ventures.

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Q3 :DESCRIBE TYPES OF CONTRACT BASED ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN
MALAYSIA
- Cost-plus contract
Cost plus contract,this type of contract involves payment of the actual costs,purchases,or
other expenses generated directly from the construction
- Lump sum contract
A lump sum contract sets one determined price for all work done for the project,these
construction contract are also called,fixed price .
- Time and materials contract
Time and material contracts are usually preferred it the project scope is not clear,or has not
been defined,the owner and the contractor must establish
- Cost plus contract
This type of contract involves payment of the actual costs, purchases, or other expenses
generated directly from the construction activity. Cost plus contracts must contain specific
information about a certain pre-negotiated amount (some percentage of the material and labor
cost) covering contractor’s overhead and profit. Costs must be detailed and should be
classified as direct or indirect costs.

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Q4 : EXPLAIN THE DEFINITION OF TERM BELOW:
Quatation
A general contractor may request an estimate from a supplier for the cost of the supplies
needed for a task. These frequently have a limited shelf life (typically about 30 days), giving
the builder just that much time to get the supplies at the price offered. Outside of that
timeframe, the materials cost is subject to fluctuate. Because of this, there is frequently a set
amount of time for quotations. Because the proposed construction materials are commodities
and their prices are subject to supply and demand fluctuations, quotations expire.
A quotation, as opposed to an estimate, offers a definite price for a building project subject to
a given deadline. The client must finish the task as specified once they accept your price
quote.

Tender
This invitation is formally known as a Request for or Invitation to Tender and the process is
known as tendering for business when an organization has a need for goods and/or services
and invites other parties to submit a proposal or bid to provide these goods and/or services.
Tenders can be used to describe any request for goods and/or services that a buyer publishes
and allows suppliers to respond to, whether they are providing a formal contract, requesting
pricing information, or just seeking information on what can be provided. The documentation
needed and the request's conclusion, however, can vary depending on the type of request.
Tendering is more prevalent in some industries, with governments, councils, other public
sector organizations, and non-profit organizations particularly using it frequently. To ensure a
fair and impartial process, using the public tendering process for contracts exceeding a
predetermined value level is typically mandated by law or specified in procurement policy.
Tendering is also increasingly prevalent in other industries, including engineering,
construction, business consultancy, and information technology (IT).

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Q5 :DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTIC OF DRAWINGS TYPES IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION OR ARCHITECTURAL TERMS BELOW:
- Architectural drawings
Technical drawings of a structure (or construction project) that meet the concept of
architecture are referred to as architectural drawings or architect's drawings. Architectural
drawings are used by architects and others for a variety of reasons, including developing a
design concept into a convincing proposal, communicating ideas and concepts, persuading
clients that a design is worthwhile, helping a building contractor build it in accordance with
the design intent, serving as a record of the design and planned development, or creating a
record of an existing structure.
A set of norms is followed when creating architectural drawings, including specific views
(floor plan, section, etc.), sheet sizes, scales, annotation, and cross-referencing.
- Strutural drawings
An engineering drawing called a structural drawing is a set of plans and details that show
how a building or other structure will be constructed. Architectural drawings offer the
information for structural designs, which are typically created by licensed professional
engineers. The load-bearing components of a structure are the main focus of the structural
drawings. In addition to outlining the fundamental requirements for connections, they also
specify the size and types of materials to be utilized. They don't include architectural specifics
like partition walls, surface coatings, or mechanical systems. The building authority can
assess the structural design of the building thanks to the structural drawings. The contract
paperwork for a planned building also contain structural drawings, which serve as
instructions for contractors during the detailing, fabrication, and installation phases.

- Plumbing drawings
A plumbing drawing, a type of technical drawing, shows the system of piping for fresh water
going into the building and waste going out, both solid and liquid.
It also includes fuel gas drawings. Mainly plumbing drawing consist of water supply system
drawings, drainage system drawings, irrigation system drawings, storm water system
drawings. In water supply system drawing there will be hot water piping and cold water
piping and hot water return piping also. In drainage system drawings there will be waste
piping , Soil piping and vent piping. The set of drawing of each system like water supply ,
drainage etc is consist of Plans, Riser diagram, Installation details, Legends, Notes.
Every pipes should me marked with pipe sizes. If the drawing is detailed , fixture units also
should be marked along with the pipe. If it is shop drawing, sections also should be shown
where there pipes are crossing.

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 - Finishings drawings
Like detail drawings, finish drawings show smaller specifications for a construction project.
The difference is that while detail drawings focus on structural elements of the building, such
as door and window frames, finish drawings focus more on design elements, which may
include:
Floor pattern Plaster
texture Wall paint
color
If we know, for example, that you want your building to have a floor pattern that
matches the wall paint, we'll show that on the finish drawings.

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 CONCLUSION
The conclusion that can be made as a whole from this assignment is that it gains knowledge
about assignments that can be made based on topics related to, Unit 1: Uniform Buildings
According to the 1984 LawUnit 2: Contract Documentation, may otherwise understand the
Submission of Plans for ApprovalSpace, Light and VentilationFire Requirements Definition
of Contract Principles of Contract Standard Form of Contract for Building Works Tender,
therefore all these assignments can help us understand more relevantly about the topic that
has been studied.

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