Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Pure Mathematics P4 (WMA14) Paper 01
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P72871A
Publications Code WMA14_01_MS_2301
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same

treatment. Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme
not according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark
scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded
and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the
candidate has replaced it with an alternative response.
PEARSON EDEXCEL IAL MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for this paper is 75.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

‘M’ marks
These are marks given for a correct method or an attempt at a correct method. In Mechanics
they are usually awarded for the application of some mechanical principle to produce an
equation.
e.g. resolving in a particular direction, taking moments about a point, applying a suvat
equation, applying the conservation of momentum principle etc.
The following criteria are usually applied to the equation.

To earn the M mark, the equation

(i) should have the correct number of terms
(ii) be dimensionally correct i.e. all the terms need to be dimensionally correct
e.g. in a moments equation, every term must be a ‘force x distance’ term or ‘mass x distance’, if
we allow them to cancel ‘g’ s.
For a resolution, all terms that need to be resolved (multiplied by sin or cos) must be resolved
to earn the M mark.

M marks are sometimes dependent (DM) on previous M marks having been earned.
e.g. when two simultaneous equations have been set up by, for example, resolving in two
directions and there is then an M mark for solving the equations to find a particular quantity –
this M mark is often dependent on the two previous M marks having been earned.

‘A’ marks
These are dependent accuracy (or sometimes answer) marks and can only be awarded if the
previous M mark has been earned. e.g. M0 A1 is impossible.

‘B’ marks
These are independent accuracy marks where there is no method (e.g. often given for a
comment or for a graph).

A few of the A and B marks may be f.t. – follow through – marks.

3. General Abbreviations

These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark schemes.

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the question
to obtain this mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC – special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp – decimal places
• sf – significant figures
•  – The answer is printed on the paper
• – The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. All A marks are ‘correct answer only’ (cao), unless shown, for example as A1 ft to
indicate that previous wrong working is to be followed through. After a misread
however, the subsequent A marks are treated as A ft, but manifestly absurd answers
should never be awarded A marks.

5. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially simplify
it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question affected.

6. If a candidate makes more than one attempt at any question:

• If all but one attempt is crossed out, mark the attempt which is NOT crossed
out.
• If either all attempts are crossed out or none are crossed out, mark all the
attempts and score the highest single attempt.

7. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

General Principles for Pure Mathematics Marking
(But note that specific mark schemes may sometimes override these general priniciples)

Method mark for solving 3 term quadratic:

1. Factorisation
(𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = (𝑥 + 𝑝)(𝑥 + 𝑞), where |𝑝𝑞| = |𝑐| leading to 𝑥 = …
(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) = (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑝)(𝑛𝑥 + 𝑞), where |𝑝𝑞| = |𝑐| and |𝑚𝑛| = |𝑎| leading to 𝑥 = …
2. Formula
Attempt to use the correct formula (with values for a, b and c).
3. Completing the square
𝑏 2
Solving 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0: (𝑥 ± ) ± 𝑞 ± 𝑐 = 0, 𝑞 ≠ 0, leading to 𝑥 = …
2

Method mark for differentiation and integration:

1. Differentiation
Power of at least one term decreased by 1. (𝑥 𝑛 → 𝑥 𝑛−1 )

2. Integration
Power of at least one term increased by 1. (𝑥 𝑛 → 𝑥 𝑛+1 )

Use of a formula
Where a method involves using a formula that has been learnt, the advice given in recent
examiners’ reports is that the formula should be quoted first.

Normal marking procedure is as follows:

Method mark for quoting a correct formula and attempting to use it, even if there are small errors
in the substitution of values. Where the formula is not quoted, the method mark can be gained by
implication from correct working with values but may be lost if there is any mistake in the working.

Exact answers
Examiners’ reports have emphasised that where, for example, an exact answer is asked for, or
working with surds is clearly required, marks will normally be lost if the candidate resorts to using
rounded decimals.

Answers without working

The rubric says that these may not gain full credit. Individual mark schemes will give details of what
happens in particular cases. General policy is that if it could be done “in your head”, detailed
working would not be required. Most candidates do show working, but there are occasional
awkward cases and if the mark scheme does not cover this, please contact your team leader for
advice.
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
5 x + 10 A B
 +  Value for A or B
1 (a)
(1 − x )( 2 + 3x ) 1 − x 2 + 3x M1

One correct value, either A = 3 or B = 4 A1

3 4
Correct PF form + A1
1 − x 2 + 3x
(3)

( )  
A −1
= A 1− x = A 1 + x + x + ... 
2
(b)(i) B1
1− x  
−1  2   2 
 B 
 3x   B   3x (−1)(−2)  3x   B  3x 9 x 
 2   1 +  =  2  1 + ( −1) +   + ... ; = 1 − + + ... M1; A1
  2 2 2 2  2  2 4 
        
 
 2 
  4  3x 9 x
f (x) = 3  1 + x + x + ...  + 1− + + ... 
2
M1
  2 2 4 
 
15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
2
(b)(ii) x  B1
3
(1)
(9 marks)
(1 − x )
−1
(b)(i)
= 1 + x + x + ...
2
B1
Alt 1
−1  2 
 1 
 3x   1   3x (−1)(−2)  3 x   1  3x 9 2 
 2  1 + 2  =  2  1 + (−1) 2 + 2
  + ...  ; = 1 − + x + ... 
2
M1; A1
         2 2 4

 
 2 
5 x + 10   1  3x 9 x
+ ...  = 5 + ...x + ...x
2 2
= (5 x + 10) 1 + x + x + ...   1 − + M1
(1 − x)(2 + 3 x)   2 2 4 
 
15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
−1 −1
(b)(i) 5 x + 10   2  1  1 2 
= (5 x + 10)  2 +  x − 3x   = (5 x + 10) 1 +  x − 3x   B1
Alt 2 (1 − x)(2 + 3x)     2  2  
 
  1 1 
(1 + p( x) ) (
(−1)(−2)
)
2
−1 2 2 1 2
=  1  p ( x) + p( x) + ...  ; 1 −  x − 3 x  +  x − 3 x  + ...  M1; A1
 2  2 2  4  
   
1 1 3 1  5 35 5 5
(10 + 5 x)  − x + x 2 + x 2 + ...  = 5 − x + x 2 + x − x 2 + ... M1
2 4 4 8  2 4 2 4
 15 2
= 5+ x + ... A1
2
(5)
Notes:
a)
M1: Attempts at correct PF. Correct form identified (may be implicit) and achieves a value for
at least one of the constants.
A1: One correct value or term.
3 4
A1: Correct PF form + . This may be awarded if seen in (b) but the correct final form
1 − x 2 + 3x
( ) ( )
−1 −1
(not just values) must be seen somewhere in the question. Accept at 3 1 − x + 4 2 + 3x
(b)(i)

( )  
A −1
= A 1− x = A 1 + x + x + ...  which may be unsimplified. Allow with their A or
2
B1:
1− x  
with A = 1.
( )
1 −1
M1: Attempts to expand = 2 + 3x binomially either by taking out the factor 2 first,
2 + 3x
 
( ) (−1)(−2)
( )
−1 2
or directly. Look for 1 + kx = ... 1  kx + kx + ...  where k  1 following an
 2 
 
 −1 
( ) (−1)(−2) −3
( )
1 −1 −2 2
attempt at taking out a factor 2, or = 2 + 3 x =  2  2 kx + 2 kx +  by
2 + 3x  2 
 
2
direct expansion. Allow missing brackets on kx in either case.
−1
B B  3x  B  3x 9 2 
A1: = 1 +  =  1 − + x +  oe with their B from (a) or with B = 1
2 + 3x 2  2  2 2 4 
   
M1: Uses their coefficients and attempts to add both series.
15 2
A1cao: 5 + x + ... Condone additional higher order terms. Terms may be either order.
2
(b)(ii)
2
B1: x  or exact equivalent. This must be clearly identified as the answer. B0 if both ranges
3
are given with no choice of which is correct. (But B1 if formal set notation with  used.)
(b)(i) Alt 1:
( )
−1
1− x = 1 + x + x + ... which may be unsimplified.
2
B1:
M1: Same as main scheme.
A1: Correct expansion (see main scheme, B = 1 allowed).
M1: Attempts to expand all three brackets, achieving the correct constant term at least.
15 2
A1cso: 5 + x + ... Condone additional higher order terms. Terms may be either order.
2
(b)(i) Alt 2
−1
  2   2
B1: Writes f(x) as (5 x + 10)  2 +  x − 3x   or with the 2 extracted, with the
   x − 3 x  clear.
    
 ( ) ( )
−1 −1
M1: Attempts the binomial expansion on 1 + p( x) or 2 + p( x) for p(x) of form ax+bx2.
Same conditions as for main scheme.
1 1
( 1
) ( 
)
2
A1: Correct expansion. For direct expansion  − x − 3x 2 + x − 3x 2 + ... 
2 4 8 
M1: Expands the brackets achieving at least the correct constant term.
15 2
A1cao: 5 + x + ... Condone additional higher order terms. Terms may be either order.
2
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2 (a) t −1 x +1 6 6− y
E.g. x = t = or y = t = M1
2t + 1 1− 2x 2t + 1 2y
6− y
−1
6 6 6− y 2y
E.g. y = y= or t = x=
2t + 1  x +1  2y 6− y A1
2 +1 2 +1
 1 − 2 x  2y
 

E.g. y =
6
y=
(
6 1− 2x ) = ax + b
 x +1 
2
 1 − 2 x 
+1 ( ) (
2  x +1 +1 1− 2x ) dM1

 
(
6 1− 2x ) , y = 2 1 − 2x oe
E.g. y=
3 ( ) so linear * A1*

(4)

(b) ( ) ( )
y = 2 1 − 2 x and y = x + 12  2 1 − 2 x = x + 12  x = ... M1
x = −2 A1cao
(2)
Alt (b) 6 t −1  1
= + 12  t =  −  M1
2t + 1 2t + 1  5
 
1
− −1
x= 5 = −2 A1
1
2 − +1
5
(2)
(6 marks)
Notes:
(a) Do not recover marks for part (a) from part (b) if there is an attempt at part (a). If there is no
labelling mark as a whole.
x t −1 6x + y
M1: For an attempt to get t in terms of x or y or x and y = t = or full
y 6 y
method to eliminate t from the equations.
A1: Forms a correct equation linking x and y only. Other forms are possible using t in terms
of x and y in either equation for x or y etc.
dM1: Depends on first M. Attempts to simplify the fraction reaching a linear form in x and y.
Allow if there are slips but an unsimplified equation of form ax + by = c must be achieved.
( )
A1: Achieves y = 2 1 − 2 x o.e. (and isw after a correct linear equation) and states linear or
hence on line etc. There must be a reference to linearity in some form (similarly for the Alts).
(b)
( )
M1: Solves their “ y = 2 (1 − 2 x ) ” (may not be linear) with y = x + 12 , E.g. 2 1 − 2 x = x + 12  x = ...
 10
A1: cao x = −2 (ignore any references to the y coordinate). Do not accept −
5
Alt (b)
M1: Solves the parametric equations simultaneously with the line equation to find a value for t
A1: cao Deduces correct value for x.

2 (a) dx (2t + 1) − 2(t − 1) dy −12

Alt 1 = 2 and = o.e. M1
dt (2t + 1) dt (2t + 1) 2 A1
dy dy dx
=  dM1
dx dt dt
dy −12 3
=  = −4 (which is a constant,) hence linear A1*
2
dx (2t + 1) (2t + 1) 2 (4)
Alt 1 (a) via differentiation Notes:
dx dy
M1: Attempts and using appropriate rule for at least one.
dt dt
A1: Both correct
dy dy dx
dM1: Depends on first M. Attempts =  leading to constant.
dx dt dt
dy
A1: Achieves = −4 and makes suitable conclusion e.g. “hence linear” *
dx
2 (a)
t −1 B 1 3 M1;
Alt 2 x=  x = A− ; x= −
2t + 1 2t + 1 2 2(2t + 1) A1

1 3
x= −
( )
2 2 6/ y dM1

1 1
x= − y hence linear * A1* (4)
2 4
Alt 2 (a) via division Notes:
t −1 B
M1: Attempts to write x in terms of just 2t+1. E.g x =  x = A− .
2t + 1 2t + 1
1 3
A1: x = −
2 2(2t + 1)
6
dM1: Uses y = to form an equation linking x and y
2t + 1
1 1
A1: x = − y and states linear*
2 4
2 (a)
Alt 3 ax + by = =
(
at − a + 6b k 2t + 1 )
 a = 2k , 6b − a = k M1
2t + 1 2t + 1
a = 12b − 2a  a = 4b A1

E.g. 4 x + y =
( ) = ...
2 2t + 1
dM1
2t + 1
4 x + y = 2 (oe) hence linear * A1* (4)
Alt 3 (a) via elimination Notes:
M1: Writes ax + by = ... as a single fraction and attempts to compare coefficients of numerator
with the denominator.
A1: Correct ratio between a and b deduced.
dM1: Uses their ratio to eliminate t from the equation.
A1: 4 x + y = 2 (oe) and states linear*
Note: It is possible to spot the correct values for a and b directly so the following would gain
1 2t − 2 + 3 2t + 1
full marks: 2 x + y = = = 1 hence linear. *
2 2t + 1 2t + 1
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
2
 


5

3. States or implies Volume = π  3x 

dx B1
 3x 2 + 5 
5
 
2
 

 

3x  3x 1
dx = dx = ln(3x + 5)
2
M1A1
 3x 2 + 5  (3x + 5)
2 2
 
 
Volume =   12 ln(3  25 + 5) − 12 ln(3  5 + 5)  M1
 
=  ln 2 A1

(5 marks)
Notes:
2
 


5

B1: States or implies Volume = π  3x 

dx o.e. The limits may be implied by
 3x 2 + 5 
5
 
subsequent work, and the dx may be missing. This is for knowing the correct formula rather
than for notation. The π may be implied by later work.
2
 

  3x 
to achieve k ln(3x + 5) (oe). May use substitution, either u =
2
M1: Attempts dx
 3x 2 + 5 
 
3x or u = 3x + 5 , in which case they should achieve k ln(u + 5) or k ln(u ) (oe) respectively.
2 2

Allow if the brackets are missing.

A1: Correct result of integration, which may be left unsimplified. May be in terms of u if a
substitution has been used. Allow if missing brackets are recovered, but A0 if never recovered.
M1: Having achieved an integral of the form p( x) ln(3x 2 + 5) (allowing for missing brackets)
where p(x) is constant or a polynomial in x (oe in terms of u for substitution), uses the limits
within their integral - substitutes correct limits for their variable and subtracts, allowing either
way round. The π may be missing for this mark.

A1:  ln 2 cao. Note ln 4 is A0 as form is not as specified.
2
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
4 (a) a = 3, b = 5 B1
1
dx du −
E.g u = 2 x + 1  = u or = ( 2 x + 1) 2 o.e. B1
du dx

 
2 x +1 u
8x + 4 e dx = 2u e u du M1


5
u
=
2
2u e du A1
3

(4)

  2u
2 x +1 u
(b) 8x + 4 e dx = 2
e du


u u
= 2u 2e − 4u e du M1

= = 2u 2e −  4ue − 4e  = 2u 2e − 4ue + 4e
u u u u u u
dM1 A1ft
 
5
 2 u u  5  3


12 2 x +1 u 5 5 3 3
8x + 4 e dx =  2u e − 4ue + 4e  =  50e − 20e + 4e  − 18e − 12e + 4e  ddM1
4  3    
5 3
= 34e − 10e A1
(5)
(9 marks)
Notes:
(a)
B1: For both a = 3, b = 5 seen in their solution. Allow if these are recovered in (b).
du dx
B1: For a correct expression involving or or du and dx separately. May be unsimplified
dx du


2 x +1
M1: Attempts to fully change 8x + 4 e dx into an integral with respect to u. Must
include an attempt at replacing dx to get du so M0 if there are no d terms present or dx becomes
du
du without an attempt at connecting them first (ie there must have been an attempt at oe).
dx


5
2 u
A1: Complete method to show I = 2u e du. Must include the correct limits and the du.
3

(b) Note: you may see different ways of presenting the application of parts e.g D/I method.


2 u u
M1: Use of integration by parts once to obtain pu e − qu e du , where p, q > 0 (if k is
positive, otherwise signs will be opposite) and may be in terms of k (as can the dM mark).
2 u u u
dM1: Completely integrates by parts twice to a form pu e − que  re where p, q > 0 (if k >0
as before). Note they may evaluate in stages, but look for the complete integration overall.


b
2 u 2 u u u
A1ft: ku e du = ku e − 2kue + 2ke (oe) accepted with k or their value for k. May have
a
the last two terms bracketed but must be seen as a complete answer in their work.
2 u u u
ddM1: Substitutes their a and b into a form pu e − que  re and subtracts (either way), but
must be using a value for k at this stage. May be done in stages.
 ( )
5 3
A1: 34e − 10e or exact equivalent in a simplified form such as 2e3 17e2 − 5
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
dy dy
y = 2 x + 15 x + 10 y  2 y = 4 x + 15 + 10
2 2
5 (a) M1 A1
dx dx
dy dy 4 x + 15
( 2 y − 10 ) dx = 4 x + 15  dx = 2 y − 10 oe M1, A1

(4)

(b) Deduces that 2 y − 10 = 0  y = 5 B1ft

Substitutes y = 5 into y = 2 x + 15 x + 10 y  2 x + 15 x + 25 = 0 and
2 2 2
M1
solves for x

( ) ( )
p = − 5, q = −
5
2
A1
(3)
(7 marks)
Notes:
(a)
dy dy
M1: Correct differentiation of one of the y terms, ie y 2 → 2 y or 10y → 10 .
dx dx
dy dy
A1: Fully correct differentiation 2 y = 4 x + 15 + 10 o.e.
dx dx
dy dy
M1: Rearranges to make the subject. The differentiated expression must contain exactly two
dx dx
dy
terms - one from each y term, not an extra = ... .
dx
dy 4 x + 15
A1: = oe
dx 2 y − 10
(b)
B1ft: Deduces that 2 y − 10 = 0  y = 5. Follow through on a denominator of form ay + b, a, b  0
. This deduction may arise from use of the symmetry of a hyperbola.
E.g. x = 0  y 2 − 10 y = 0  y = 0,10 so p, q when y = 5
2 2
( 2
)
M1: Substitutes their y = 5 into y = 2 x + 15 x + 10 y  2 x + 15 x + 25 = 0 and solves for x
(usual rules, if no working shown (by calculator) they must give correct values for their quadratic).

A1: ( p = ) − 5, ( q = ) − 52 Correct values, do not be concerned about the labels and accept if they
 5
give as the end points of the interval (ie accept if they give  −5, −  as their answer).
 2
(b) Alt method 1
2 2 2
(
y = 2 x + 15 x + 10 y  y − 10 y − 2 x + 15 x = 0
2
)
 2 
B1: Deduces that roots for x don't exist when 100 + 4   2 x + 15 x   0
 
M1: Solves their 2 x 2 + 15 x + 25  0

A1: ( p = ) − 5, ( q = ) − 52 Correct values, see note on main scheme.

(b) Alt method 2

15
B1: y = 0  2 x 2 + 15 x = 0  x = 0, − Correct values found for x when y = 0
2
M1: Full method to use symmetry to deduce the required values of x. E.g. by symmetry, values
1 15 2 15
required are one third and two thirds way between these  x =  − ,  −
3 2 3 2
( ) ( ) 5
A1: p = − 5, q = − Correct values, see note on main scheme.
2
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

6 (a)(i) ( )(

) ( 
)
AB =   8i + 3 j − 7k − 2i − 3 j + 5k  = ...
 
M1

AB = 6i + 6j − 12k A1
 2  1  8  6
       
(ii) r =  −3  +   1 o.e. such as r =  3 +   6  B1ft
 5  −2   −7   −12 
       
(3)
 2 +  −3 
 
(b) Attempts CP =   −3 +  − 5  M1
 5 − 2 − 2
 
 1   −1   1 
     
( ) ( ) ( )
CP • k  1  = 0    − 8  • k  1  = 0  1  − 1 + 1  − 8 − 2 −2 + 3 = 0
 −2   −2 + 3   −2 
      dM1
2
 5  73
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
Alt:  − 1 +  − 8 + −2 + 3 = 6 − 30 + 74 = 6   −  +
2

 2 2
5  5 −7 −7 
=  use of AB in CP gives  = , use of OB  = or  A1
2  12 2 12 
 2  1
  5  9 1 ddM1, A1
OP =  −3  +  1 = i − j
2 2 2
 5  −2 
    (5)
(8 marks)
Notes:
Accept either form of vector notation throughout. Accept with i,j and k in their column vectors.
(a)(i)
M1: Attempts to subtract vectors OA and OB either way around. May be implied by two
correct components.
A1: AB = 6i + 6j − 12k o.e.
(a)(ii)
B1ft: Any correct equation for the line, may use a correct or follow through multiple of AB for
direction and with any point on the line. Must start r = … or accept xi + yj + zk = ... (l = … is B0).
(b)
M1: Attempts CP using point C and a general point on their l
dM1: Sets the scalar product of their CP (either direction) and their direction of l (or AB ) to 0
and proceeds to an equation in  . Condone sign slips in components if the intention is clear.
Alternatively attempts to minimise the distance CP (by completing square as shown, or
by differentiation) to obtain a linear equation in λ.
 5
A1: Finds a correct value of  for their l. Note if they use AB the correct value is
12
ddM1: Substitutes their  (from a correct method) into their l
9 1
A1: OP = i − j Accept as coordinates, and accept P = … instead of OP .
2 2
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
7 (a) dV 2 B1
= 4 r
dr (1)
(b) (i) dV 900 450
= V = − + c (oe) M1 A1
dt (2t + 3) 2
2t + 3
450
t = 0,V = 0  0 = − + c  c = ... M1
3
450 300t + 450 − 450 300t
V = 150 − = = * A1 *
2t + 3 2t + 3 2t + 3
(ii) 150 cm3 B1
(5)
(c) t = 3V =
300  3
23 + 3
= 100 ( ) M1
4 3 dM1 A1cao
100 =  r  r = 2.88 cm
3 (3)
(d) dV dV dr 900 2 dr
=   2
= 4r  M1
dt dr dt (2t + 3) dt
900 2 dr dr
t = 3, r = ''2.88''  = 4 2.88   = ... dM1
81 dt dt
dr A1
 = awrt 0.11 cm s−1
dt (3)
(12 marks)
Notes: Mark the question as a whole. Penalise only once for missing/incorrect units in the question.
(a)
B1: cao See scheme.
(b)(i)
M1: Integrates to a form V = k (oe) with or without + c. Condone a sign error in 2t − 3.
2t + 3
A1: V = −
450
( )
2t + 3
+c (oe). There is no need for + c
M1: Substitutes V = 0, t = 0 and proceeds to find a value for c. There must have been an
attempt at integrating to achieve a function in V and t with a constant of integration.
A1*: Correct integration and value for c with at least one intermediate step with c substituted
back in the equation before proceeding to the given answer.
(b)(ii)
B1: 150 cm3. Must include units.
(c)
M1: Attempts to substitute t = 3 into the equation for V. Allow if there is a slip in substitution.
4 3
dM1: Uses their V in V =  r to find a value for r
3
A1: cao r = 2.88 cm. Must be to 3 s.f.. Must include units unless already penalised in (b)(ii).
(d)
dV dV dr
M1: Attempts to use =  (oe) with the given formula for dV and an attempt at
dt dr dt dt
dV
substituting their (allow if this substitution is not in the correct place if a correct chain rule
dr
has been stated.)
 dr
dM1: Substitutes both t = 3 and their value for r and proceeds to find a value for . If no
dt
substitution shown, the answer must be correct for their r to imply the method (may need to check).
A1: awrt 0.11 cm s−1. Must include units unless already penalised in (b)(ii) or (c).
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
8 (a)  1 
At t = P =  , 2 B1
4 2 
 
dy
dy 2sec 2 t 
= dt = = 4 when t = M1 A1
dx dx 2sin t cos t 4
dt
Equation of l: dM1 A1 *
1 1 cso
y − 2 = −  x −   8 y − 16 = −2 x + 1  8 y + 2 x = 17 *
4 2
 
(5)

  2 tan t  2sin t cos t dt

dx
(b) y dt = M1
dt


= 4sin t dt
2
A1


= 2 − 2 cos 2t dt = 2t − sin 2t dM1 A1
π
1  
Total area of S =  2t − sin 2t  4 +  8  2 = − 1 + 8 = + 7 M1 A1
 0 2 2 2
(6)
(11 marks)
Notes:
(a)
B1: Correct coordinates for P stated or implied by working.
dy
M1: Attempts to find
dy
using dt at t =  . Condone poor differentiation. Substitution of
dx dx 4
dt
 dx dx
the is sufficient for the method. Alternatively, may attempt or − . Accept a value
4 dy dy
dy 
following finding (or its reciprocal etc) as an attempt to evaluate at t = if no contrary
dx 4
working is shown but check carefully as the correct answer may arise from incorrect working.
dy
A1: Correct = 4 (oe equation) following correct differentiation. May be implied.
dx

dM1: Attempts to find the equation of the normal at t = . It is dependent upon the previous
4
M and use of their P. The value of the gradient used must be correct for their differential.
A1*: cso Correct proof leading to 8 y + 2 x = 17
(b)

 
dx dx
M1: Attempts y dt = 2 tan t  "2sin t cos t " dt with their condoning slips on coefficients.
dt dt

 4sin t dt
2
A1:
dM1: Uses cos 2t = 1  2sin 2 t and integrates   p  q cos 2t dt to a form  at  b sin 2t
See note below.


dx
A1: y dt = 2t − sin 2t See note below.
dt



4 dx
M1: Full method to find area of region S. Finds the sum of their values for y dt and
0 dt
1  17 
 − Px   Py . Condone poor integration for this mark as long as they are attempting to apply
2 2
 
the correct limits to their result. They may attempt the area under the line by integration:
17


2
1 17
− x + dx In such a method condone minor slips, but must be attempting correct limits.
4 8
Px


A1: +7
2
Note: If the t’s becomes x’s during the integration, then allow the M’s and the A’s if recovered but
if 2 x − sin 2 x or with mixed variables is found and x values substituted then it is M1A0 for the
integral and M0 for the method for area.
8 (a)  1 
Alt At t = P =  , 2 B1
4 2 
 
2sin t 2 x 2 4x
y= = y =
cos t 1− x 1− x
1
− 1 1 1

dy x 2
(1 − x ) 2 − 2 x  − (1 − x )− 2 dy
= 2  = 4 or M1 A1
dx 1− x dx x=
1
2

dy 4(1 − x) − 4 x  −1 dy
2y =  = 4 oe
( )
2
dx 1− x dx 1
x = , y =2
2
Equation of l: dM1 A1 *
1 1 cso
y − 2 = −  x −   8 y − 16 = −2 x + 1  8 y + 2 x = 17 *
4 2
 
(5)

(a)
1 
B1: Correct coordinate for P  , 2  stated or implied by working.
2 
 
dy
M1: Attempts to find Cartesian equation for C, any form, and attempts (or an equivalent as
dx
main scheme) with appropriate differentiation methods for their Cartesian form, allowing for slips

and finds x and/or y using t = and evaluate the derivative with these values.
4
 dy
A1: Correct = 4 (oe equation) following correct differentiation and from correct work.
dx
dM1: Attempts to find the equation of the normal at their x and y values.
It is dependent upon the previous M and use of their P.
A1*: cso Correct proof leading to 8 y + 2 x = 17
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

( )
3
9 (a) 3 2
Let p = 3k + 2 then 3k + 2 = 27k + 54k + 36k + 8 M1
 3 2  A1
= 3   9k + 18k + 12k + 3  − 1 not a multiple of 3
 
3
So p cannot be of form 3k + 1 or 3k + 2, since p is a multiple of 3. Hence
p must be a multiple of 3, a contradiction of our assumption, hence for all A1
3
integers p, when p is a multiple of 3, then p is a multiple of 3
(3)
p
Assumption: there exist (integers) p and q such that 3 3=
(b) q B1
(where p and q have no (non-trivial) common factors.)
3 3 =
p 3 3 M1
Then  p = 3q
q
3
So p is a multiple of 3 and (so) p is a multiple of 3 A1
3 3 3 3 dM1
But p = 3k  27 k = 3q  q = 9k
Hence q3 is a multiple of 3 so q is a multiple of 3, but as p and q have no A1*
(non-trivial) common factors, this is a contradiction.
Hence 3 3 is an irrational number.*
(5)
(8 marks)
Notes:
(a)
( ) ( )
3 3
M1: Attempts to expand 3k + 2 or 3k − 1 .
Look for a cubic expression with 4 terms with at least two correct (allowing for incorrect
signs).
A1: Achieves a correct 3  (...) + r ,| r | 10 form for the expansion and states not a multiple of 3.

( )
 3   3 
3 2 2
Suitable forms include 3k + 2 = 3  9k + 18k + 12k + 2  + 2 = 3  9k + 18k + 12k + 3  − 1 or
   
 3 
(  3
) 
2 3 2
3  9k + 18k + 12k  + 8 or 3k − 1 = 3  9k − 9k + 3k  − 1 etc.
   

( ) ( )
3 3 2 3 3 2
Alternatively, achieves correct 3k + 2 = 27k + 54k + 36k + 8 or 3k − 1 = 27k − 27k + 9k − 1
with a reason why it is not a multiple of 3 e.g 3 divides 27, 54 and 36, but not 8 hence not
divisible by 3.
A1: Completes the proof. Must have scored both previous marks and a reference to both cases (in
some form) leading to a “contradiction” and some indication that proof is complete. It is unlikely
to be as complete as that shown in the scheme, but all three bold points must be conveyed. E.g. as
a minimum after satisfying the first A “both cases give a contradiction hence the original statement
is true”.
(b)
May use different letters throughout.
B1: Sets up algebraically the initial statement to be contradicted. Essentially for showing they
know what a rational number is algebraically. There is no requirement for this mark to state that p
and q are integers with no (non-trivial) common factors (this may be implied for this mark).
M1: Cubes correctly and multiplies through by q3
A1: Deduces that both p3 is a multiple of 3 and hence p is a multiple of 3. Jumping directly to p is
a multiple of 3 is A0.
dM1: Sets p = 3k and proceeds to find q3 in terms of k. (May use a different letter.)
A1: Completes the proof. This requires
• Correct algebraic statements
• Correct deductions in correct order. E.g. p3 is a multiple of 3 so p is a multiple of 3
• initial statement must have included that p and q are integers (or accept natural
p
numbers or a is a fraction) and have no common factors (or are co-prime, or in
q
simplest form)
• correct reason for contradiction and acceptable conclusion
• There must have been no contrary statements during the proof (e.g. that p and q are
prime)
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