‘A What is Artilicial Intelligence (Al) ? J Domains of Al A Asiliciol Intelligence ond Future 11 Every era has some happening term, which signifies the growth and evolution of soci; and world at that time. At one time, it was ‘Industry Revolution’ ; Last century tet ‘Technology and Computers’ ; and this century has ‘Artificial Intelligence’. The Artifical Intelligence, or Al, is getting advanced and evolved day by day in such a quick way thatt has started impacting nearly all fields around us. In this session, you will learn about what AI is ; what its domains are ; and what its related terminologies are. 1.2 WHATIS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Al) ? Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to application of technology (through machine a application), which carries out a task requiring some degree of intelligence comparable to human intelligence. Let us understand this. Humans have certain types of intelligence (see Fig. 11), which machines and animals and other species do not have, especially machines. For exanpl, humans can learn a language and start interacting in it ; humans lear from expesence and mistakes (animals and birds also do) ; humans can apply mathematical calculations function to solve a problem ; humans can infer from past data and experience and predict and prepare for a possible future event. If a machine or an application also uses similar type of intelligence (as mentioned above) to some degree, we call it Artificially Intelligent Machine. = CditictlInegence ‘Artificial refers to the ability of ¢ machine or aplication carry outa task tha reqezs some degree of ineligrce | Nal comparble 0 her | The term “Anificial Ineligence” was coined by an American ielligence, \ Computer Scientist J ‘McCarthy in 1955. | \ \ aeVerbel/Linguistie Introperronal _pwobemaical ‘The copacty to use Having an understanding ores language to express what's of yourself of knoveng Pp oneting on your mid ond to ‘tho you are, and epee of understand olher peopl what youcan do ete. pore ind of Existential Incination towards ‘questions about ite, death and ultmate reatives Visual/Spotial ‘Tho ably to present how The capacity to think in ferent objects fin musi, tobe able to hear lnterally and externally UTC ‘patterns and recognise them FFlaenMtMISIGe My, 2% perhaps manipulate them Figure 1.1. Types of Human Intelligence 12.) Understanding Artificial Intelligence (Al) Let us try to understand AI in comparison to normal machines’ and humans’ intelligence and working. 12.1A How Normel Machines Work Normal machines work as per the instructions given. They work strictly as per the instructions and cannot deviate from the instructions or take decisions, if required. Consider the following examples : (i) You log in to your office computer, type your password ; it grants you access and start working on it, Scenario. But what if the keyboard got stuck ? Is there any alternate way to gain| access to computer, legitimately ? No, the computer cannot deviate from its instructions (its program). It cannot make new decisions, even in case a new development takes place (eg., here the keyboard got stuck) to allow you access. (ii) You are solving a problem through a software application. You give the required data as input and it solves it, and shows you the result on monitor or through printer. half the problem ? Would the software application solve half the , Scenario, But what if the input data was incomplete, but it was enough to solve / problem or nothing at all ? | No, if a software application is designed to work with full data, it cannot! alter its program and solve half the problem, even if it knows the steps and | has data to do so, 1 crest ennai} ee6 aRrnc AL NTLIGENCE (ii) You setup time and choose a preprogrammed recipe in a micr cooks food accordingly sve/oven and » Soowray But what if you realise that you put two bowls rather than one and t temperature/time ? ‘out the extra one ? Would the microwave/oven reduce the cookii : fl No, even if you reduce the quantity of the food, the cannot reduce the cook: 7 microwave/oven! temperature/time on its own. You have to do this manuall i) You have created a shopping Uist and typed it in an email and scheduled up 2 ti tine. on wich it wil be sent, and your email application will send it at the schedules ‘Scores, What If just at the time of sending, you realise that list needs to be changed ? Can you shout at the email application to stop it or ask it to amend the list as per you tell it? Can it understand your language and act accordingly 2 ¥ pre-programmed instructions. ~ No, 8 normal machine would not be able to do anything different from iF Note 4 a eee eeneneney erent inp’ Smterveation, 4 set of instructions (mosuy fixed) to complete the 1.2.18 How Humans (Human Intelligence) Work Let us now see how human intelligence behaves in different situations. (i) You work in an office and use 2 biometric machine where you put your finger and the door opens after verifying your fingerprint, The guard sitting on the door greets you with a smile end you gain entry in the office. | Scenarno What if the finger print scanner linked to the door, is not working ? How, ‘would the door open now ? ‘open the door for you. Well, the guard on the door can recognize your face, check your ID-card and eet etenemenne rnn net (fi) You are solving a problem in an exam. The problem also carries some data which @ solution method. is required to solve it fully. You use the data and solve the problem after applying half the problem only ? so°on. “Well, in that case you can solve half the problem using the given data. You can also write a note intimating the examiner about the incomplete data, and |, cl " Scot Whatif the data accompanying the problem is incomplete and can solve!recipe and now are trying to cn recipe to cook for & pen Bavaria What if your family orly has 4 people ? Would re make changes acorns} ? Yes, of course, You car time accordingly. | Reena fand adjust the ¢ en examples, humans cere able to 1ecnge , make adjustments when requted ( “How Afifciol Intelligence Wores et us now see how Artifical intelligence works in different situa () You have installed a face ec use keys as well as this cemeza for s ‘Scenario What if you lose the keys ? Would you gain entry in the house ? Yes, of course. The face recognising ca recognise your face and open the dcot for to allow people in office when “(You installed an Al poweed AC in ous com and eet get back home ftom office, So, i chilled room, just a cozy-cold "Scenario What if one day your office colleagues also accompany you home ? With so many people around, your preferred temperature setting will feel hot for everyone in the room. Wellin such a case, the AI powered AC can determine the appropuiate temperature setting by determining the people around and change the temperature setting accordingly, just like a human would do :} (if) You have bought an AI powered cooking range. You enjay cooking on thing as it auto- matically adjusts temperature depending upon the quantity of food being cooked. "Scenario One day while cooking, you receive a phone call and leave the kitchen. ‘At that time you had put the vessel on high flame. What would happen| now ? Would the food be burnt ? \ An AT powered cooking range can determine if the person is not around and | can lower the flame automatically and thus avoiding the food-buming \ totally, somewhat like human intelligence renner enn8 ARnFICIAL INTELUGENCE-IK 4 {iv) You have bought an Al powered assistant. You inform it to collect an order which is to be delivered in your absence. It notes down the order number and required confirmation pin so that it can receive the order in your absence. Scenario What if the order is not delivered in time ? What would your Al assistant, : do now ? ‘An AT powered assistant can track the order if not delivered in time or even| send an email intimating the same to the company delivering the order. It may even ask fora specific date and time by when the order should get delivered. en ™ Inall the above given examples, you se that Al can recognise faces, people, determine things, make decisions, receive your voice input, converse with you and so on — Note ‘exhibiting human like intelligence despite bei Activity 1 OREAM SMART HOME IDEA You must be knowing what a smart home means. Well, itis a home with smart devices using a specialised technology called JoT (Internet of Things). A smart device (called a thing in this context) is an electronic device that is able to connect, share and interact with its user and other smart devices and IoT is a technology that forms a network of smart devices (things). Let us play a game where you will design a dream smart home for you. Make groups of 4 students and discuss what should be your answer for the below given questions. functionalities available today : https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u9kqhHC60k hitps//www.youtube.comVwatch?v=F-mEASRN_yo ) @ w) ©. a machine or a software application, © Smart Home oc A smart home is a residence equipped with a number of Internet-enabled Interconnected devices (using 1oT) that automate tasks normally handled by humans. (i) List the most important things, which you need to connect with these devices. (You may refer to: https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyMC_HAlzpg, @0.33seconds) (i) Now think of the functionality you would want for your home. (You may refer to the following videos to check for various technologies and sinenussi anit Astesicesihntdaasin sivas ina atenaiaa tiameeibadiaenmeer—meeSeison Ts WNTRODUCTION TOAD 9) fick the devices you want for your dream smatt home ———— i American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. One of the founders of Al. He coined the term ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE in 1955, { The creator of one of the longeshlived computer | languages in use - LSP jre © 10 agnricun wreuisesct-x / | i | | | i i \ 1.3 DOMAINS OF AI Artificial Intelligence is nota single technology, It is a mix of technologies. Broadly they. ate three domains of Al: (i) Data (Data Science) (ii) Computer Vision (ii) NLP (Natural Language Processing) (i) Date / Data Science This domain of AI may deal with data (structured and Bi unstructured data) and specific methods to useitin AL = 7 | > Ty applications, Data scence is afield that uses scientific ( wp —\ Al) / CS) methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract Local) knowledge and insights from many structural and ihione Al unstructured data, So, if your Al powered refrigerator knotes in adoance thal what types of food you would prefer in sumarers its bevause it has all your past data and it applied data science methods to determine your choice this summer, Data science is related to data mining, machine learning and big data. ‘© Data Mining is a process of finding potentially useful patterns from huge data sets. © Machine Learning (ML) is a process of automatic — ais science earning of computers and machines by dis- ““y.2, science is a field that covering insights from data with experience, ML is uses scientific methods, also used to make predictions about future outcomes. processes, algorithms and . systems to extract knowledge Big Data refers to huge amounts of data, which is and. insights from many regularly growing at an exponential rate, e.g., data _structural and unstructured data ‘of social media (posts, pictures, responses, users, ‘© @Pply in Al applications. etc.). Big data cannot be handled without AI. {il) Computer Vision (CV) [Computer Vision Computer vision isa field of anf inteligence that yg outer Vivion refers to ‘trains computers to interpret and understand the visual have a vision somewhat like word, Using digital images from cameras and videos and humans so that machines can deep learning models, computers and machines can 3€curately identify and classify accurately identity and classify objects — and then Pies an Produce. specific react to what they “see”, . So, if your AP powered lock with camera can identify people and then opens door only for authentic members, itis all because of computer vision, ‘Note, DeepFace (Facebook's deep learning Al specialising in computer vision) has 97.25% accuracy, regardless of lighting conditions or angles,Sesion | wtrooucrion 19.4 11 rye te Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a sublield of imgialy concerned with the inter~ actions between computers and human Janguages in the form of speech (natural Language) input and speech (natural langeage) ‘output. ‘two sub-categories : Natural-Language Understanding, which helps machine recognise natural speech ~ (e.g., we instruct Google Assistant or Siri in our speech) and understand its meaning. Natural-Language Generation, which helps in producing a response in natural language e.g., speech response by a virtual assistant like Cortana, Google Assistant or Siri, It is closely related to Automated Speech Recognition (ASR). if you buy a robot to assist you in awork and its capable of understanding your language aed peech, andl can carry out work anc also falk to you ~ itis ll thanks to NLP. and virtual assistants (such as Siri, Alexa etc.) are based on NLP slogy. Indian humanoid robot, Shalu, developed by Mr. Dinesh Patel ¥) can converse in 47 languages, all thanks to NLP. AL is used today in many sectors such as : 4 Virtual Assistants (Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana and so forth) Finance (Trade and investment, auditing, underwriting and so forth) Health (Scanning of images, sound analysis ofthe heart and so forth) ‘Service sector (HR and hiring, job search, marketing and so forth) ‘Media and e-commerce (Deepfakes, music, video games and so forth) ‘Transportation (simulators, autonomous vehicles, selfdrivng cars, rout planning and so forth) © Industry (damage analysis, sediment monitoring and so forth) ple released Siri, a virtual assistant on Apple 10S operating systems, Siri uses a uage user interface to infer, observe, answer, and recommend things tots human }, Amazon created Amazon Alexa, 3 home assistant that developed into smart function as personal assistants. ' Pros and Cons of Artificial Intelligence -Aitis expensive to amplement. -1Nidepencs on hrcnate's ard softwares ficay it can replace humans some areas (such as factory workers) {Can perorm restncted work only18 ARTIFICIAL INTELUIGENCE- 14 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FUTURE Artificial Intelligence (Al) is no longer a thing of science fiction, It exists in the world all around us, automating simple tasks and dramatically improving our lives. Artificial Intelligence can be applied to virtually any industry. When you develop AI that can understand language, recognise pattems, and solve problems, disruption isn't contained, e.g., Al that can predict your possible medical requirements, diagnose disease and handle medications, address lawsuits, and write articles and so forth. The future is impossible to imagine without Al. Industries Impacted by AI Revolution Thus, in future every field or sector will diectly and indirectly benefit from AI and for the future jobs, following AI skills will be required and be in demand : ® Data Analytics and Data Sciences. © Creating User Experience using different Al technologies like NLP, data sciences etc. Developing Natural Language Processing based technologies and applications. Virtual reality and Augmented Realty based technologies and applications. © Skills pertaining to Computer Vision, data and NLP. and so on.Sesvon 1 ANTRODUCTION TOA 19 ty 2. WRITING A LETTER TO FUTURE SELF to your future self, keeping in mind the impact of Alin future lives. What type of be leading with Al in future ? is a sample letter written to her future-self by Ahan. You can write a different your future-self taking a cue from this or your letter could be entirely diferent. fe with correct imagination © a ou doing ? 1am sure you must be enjoying life with such an advanced technology nd you. our health keeping ? 1 am sure that using your past medical history, predictive st be taking place, eg, automatic reminders of routine tests, booking an ound you. ut the education in your times ? The online education started itself in my time only, ithe scene in your time ? Robot teachers, timed and scheduled follow ups by virtual tants and so on. Am I right or am I right ? our house-help ? 1am sure you must be having a Robot house-help to help you household chores. military in your times ? 1 am sure, now there would be Robo wing in your Army be Al-assisted missions taking place. But humanoids - a mix of human end robot ? Have they developed by now or still in stage ? How have they impacted your life? Please write back. Also, let me know future technologies that are being developed in your time, of all these AI based technologies were planted in my time only but you are now fruit now. Keep Enjoying !!20 AvTFICAL INTELUGENCEAK (i) Ability to identify different objects even with minute differences (@) Ability to walk over water () Ability to hibernate during winters {g) Ability to lear from experience 2. Which of the following intelligence types have been implemented through Astificial Intelligence ? (a) Ability to use language for conversing (input as well as output) (b) Ability to recognize objects (€ Ability to learn from experience k (@) Allof the above t (0) None of the above 3. Statement 1. AL is getting integrated into our lives seamlessly, ‘Statement 2. Often we do not even realize that we are using Al. (a) Statement 2 Is correct and Statement 1 is incorrect (H) Statement 1 is correct and Statement 2 is incorrect (6) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct (d) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect [CBSE Sample Paper 2021-22, Term f 4, The branch of Al that works with understanding language bused audio inputs and producing languagy based audio output, is called __. (2) Audio Input Output Processing (b) Natural Language Processing (6) Audio Language Processing (@) Natural Language Input Output 5. By repeatedly telling « computer about some facts if the computer leams to understand andy interpret it ~ is an example of ___. (NUP () ML (¢) Computer Vision (0) All ofthese 6, Which of the following is not an example of AI based technology/application ? (a) Lock-camera able to identify the authentic family members and intruders. (b) Refrigerator automatically adding items to grocery list. (c) Automatic temperature control of the room in case people in the room increase or decrease- (d) Automatic gear control of the car when the speed increases. 7. A-smart home comprises of these components : {@) The Internet (b) Smart Devices (oT (@) All of these 8 A computer scientist namely __ coined the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’. ‘9. An Al field which uses scientific algorithms and methods on data to extract knowledge so as use it in various applications, is called 2 (@) Computer Vision (0) Data Science (¢) Machine Learning, (d) None of these 10. A robot in a restaurant makes you sit on a table and goes to fetch your order. In the meantime you change the seat but Robot was able to come to your table to find you and identify you. This is an ‘example of __ technology of Al. (2) Computer Vision (6) Data Science (0) Machine Learning, (@) None of theseSesvon 1 INtRODUCHON TO AL 21 7 Jets you search what you see, get things done faster and understand the world | You ~ using just your camera or a photo, Which domain does this app belong to? Language Processing {b) Data Sciences puter Vision (4) Antifical Language Processing {CBSE Sunple Paper 2021-22, fers a called a company’s customer care office. An application there responded you, spoke to you, pd broadly about your issue andi then transferred your cll to appropriate department. This is an technology of AL. h (by Big Data (4) Data Science Assistants like Siri, Alexa, Cortana are based on (t) Big Data (i) Data Science insurance company has asked all its customers to deposit bi-yearly reports of health some time, it is able to recommend to your doctors by predicting your possible ailment This is an example of technology of Al. Science (6) Computer Vision (0) All of these [CUSE Sample Paper 2021-2, Term I] (b) Internet of Things organized Table (a) Inter-operability Test ' Match column A with Column B {CUSE Sample Paper 2021-22, Term t technology of Al, Column B (0) Simulate how a human would behave as a conversational partner, (0) Uses knowledge stored in a knowledge base but requires the intervention of human exper. Digital Assistant | (c) Autonomous vehicle (fo) Selfsiving car_| (¢) Works on various mobile platforms Y=) 5 (i) (0) 2G} = (4) (in) -() YL ~ (0) (i) 0) MH) 2) ()~( i =) 5 Gr) C—O ~ (0 Kit) ~ C2); it) - ) + (io) - 0) Competency Based Questions tion about three games is given below. Identify the game and the respective domain | {CBSE Sample Paper 2921-22. Term of this game have to guess what the opponents will choose and make an shape to defeat them. ‘game, the computer asks the player to find the objects that match certain images na time limit. i SS vf22 narisicin, muTeNUKGENNCE-W. {@) () Emojt Scavenger Hunt -» Computer vision ; (ii) Rock, Paper, Scissor —» Naturay Language Processing ; (i) Mystery Animal -» Data Sciences (0) (i) Mystery Animal ~» Data Sciences ; (if) Emoji Scavenger Hunt > Natural Language Processing ; (i) Rock, Paper, Scissor ~» Computer vision {e) () Rock, Paper, Scissor -» Data Sciences ; (i) Emoji Scavenger Hunt + Natural Language Processing ; (xi) Mystery Animal -» Computer vision. (4) (i) Rock, Paper, Scissor -> Data Sciences ; {ii) Mystery Animal -» > Processing. ; (i) Emaji Scavenger Hunt -» Computer vision 18 Choose the Al applications among the ones given below: {C1ISE Sample Mayr (i) Gmail uses Smart Compose feature that can help you type emails faster as Jt offers ‘suggestions for words and phrases as you type. {ii) Websites make use of a software that simulates human-like conversations with users via Text messages on chat. (ii) Soap dispensers use infrared sensors with which when hands are placed in the: proximity of the aensor, dispense the designated amount of soap. (0) Face ecogriton technology that identifies and verifies a person using the person’ facial features and automatically marks attendance. (2) (0, (8) and (i) (0) (0, (tl) and (i) {ey (i, (i) and (7) (4) (9, Gai) and (é) 19. Aria is an intelligent gitl who enjoys all her subjects. She has just started her class 11 and Rebotics and artificial intelligence seer to have caught her eye. With the help of her teacher, online courses and resources, she is able to create a small robot which opens the doot after recognising the face of the housemates and friends. Initially the robot made quite a lot of mistakes but after a year now it is performing very good. Now there are very less mistakes and bloopers. What type of technology{ies), do you think robot has used that its capability of recognising faces correctly ral Language 2021-22, Term fj improved with time ? (a) NUP (6) Computer Vision (a ML (2) All of the above {) None of these 20. Your school has bought a robot namely Gamer, which plays chess. Your school management has ‘installed it m the sports room where the students, especially the chess players of school team, can play chess with Gamer. Your chess team captain, Xerier, was initially able to defeat Gamer but with {ime Gamer seldom loses. Gamer has fine tuned its playing strategy with every game with Xavier Which Al technology is behind Gamer's improved performance ? NUP (0) Computer Vision (om (@) Data Science 21. Mr. Dinesh Patel, a Computer Science teacher at Kendriya Vidyalya, has developed an educational ‘humanoid namely Shalu, which can converse in 47 languages. Which Al technology helps Shala, the robot converse with us humans ? (a) NUP (¢) Computer Vision ML (@) Data ScienceSeon} waTRooUcTION TOA 23 Anteltigence refers to ability of a machine or application to camy out a task that requires some of intelligence comparable to human intelience term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined by on American Computer Scientist John McCarthy in 1985, three domains : Data and Data Science, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. sclence is a field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems fo extract and insights from many structural and unstructured data to apply in Al opplications. vision refers to the training of computers to have a vision somewhat like humans so that can accurately identify and classify objects ~ and then react to what they “see”. ‘Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of Al, mainly concerned with the interactions between ‘and human languages in the form of speech (naturol languoge) input ond speech (natural ‘output, DeepFace technology is based on Computer Vision AI. dey chatbots and virtual assistants ore based on NLP. Astifcial Intelligence (Al) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are d to think like humans and mimic thet actions. are the Urce major domains of A? ‘The three major domains of Al are: Data/Data Science. [tis the domain which deals with data and extracting insights from Computer Vision. It isthe domain that deals with training computers such that they have a vision like power, like humans. Natural Language Processing (NLP) It isthe domain that deals with interpreting speech Input and give voice based output recognition and response by machines is revolutionary concrpt. Which dain of Ai dos it belong to? ‘The speech recognition and response belongs to NLP - Natural Language Processing domain of chis aimed at developing the natural language related intelligence similar to humans. mn day chatbots and virtual asstants ike Sir, Ales, Cortona, Coole Asistent ae based on example of Al epplictionitecknology tht has used end implemented various domains of Al ss. Humanoid Sophia. pexample of computer-vision based Al application which has capability to change the tay we live nets Rh tld aN a heen, cone ee ee Nees) aha pean aangemeanens ape oe” Ans. Self-driving cars. The selfdriving cars would have computer-vision based technology using ey can identity which objects rein ft of het what tance, moving a we pend ‘based on this information, they can make decisions lke drivers. t would change the future scene as then we would not have to worry about the driving witions, vehicles and people around it and so on. We could jus ston the backseat and doing out ed work/ 24 ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE-IK ¢ GLOssARY AL Artificial Intetigence ; Simulation of human inteligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions, [NLP Natural Language Procesing ; Abit of machines to understand and interpret natural-language-based Input and respond in naturalanguage based form, Computer Vision Abity of machines and computes to have a vision somewhat like humans so that machines can accurately identify and classify objects, Date Sclence A field of Al that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data, ‘Smart Home A home with interconnected smart devices able to take decisions. Assignment Ts 1. What are some types of human intelligence ? ive some examples of real world human intelligence, 3. Define ariticil intelligence, Give some examples of applications where artifical intelligence has exhibited human like intelligence. 4 5. Give some examples of modern machines which use advanced technology but are not artificially intelligent. 6. Given below are some applications/situations. Identify which of these use or are based on Al ? (0) Selbdsiving cars (i) Amazon Alexa (ii), Smart refrigerators (io) Predictive medical assistants (0) Facebook's DeepFace 7. Name the scientist who first used the term “Artificial Intelligence”. ‘8. List some advantages and disadvantages of Al. 9. What is a smart home ? 10. What are basic necesities for creating a smart Al based home ? 11, What are the domains of AI? 12, What is data scence ? How does it use AI? Give examples. 13. What is Computer Vision ? Give some examples of computer-vision based AI applications. 14. What is NLP ? Give some examples of NLP based applications. 15. Af given a chance, what type of Al applications would you like to develop or get developed ? Discuss. PRACTICAL ASSISTANT 1. Try the folowing Al games and try to identify the domain they belong to : (0) hitpsifwwwcodemonkey.com/ (@) https:/ukeout. github io! (0, bitps!/ivww.pandorabots com/mitsuku! (4) htps:/fexperiments.withgoogle.com/thing translatorf Session T= INTRODUCTION TO Al 25 Ei | , 1 bs a . olen _ Autonomous ship Face recogniton Drona delivery GL {7 —, cs its Rrcmos | — ‘Applications of Alin Real if. Future Self following incomplete letter by adding appropriate Al technologies and features wherever reputed (CBSE Handbook) ‘world in 2030 and write a letter to your future self. Be sure to mention things that you it fature self would probably be doing and experiencing in dail nt am very interested in and am sure this is a hobby that has eficial and I am now a ‘have things changed a lot ? Do we still have alot of. intelligence proved to be i i ' i i i ' ‘ i ' i i i i ' i26. ARTIFICIAL INTELUGENCE-1 ' 1 ' ‘ ‘ ' ' ' t i ' ' ‘ ‘ ‘ ' ' ' ' ' i 1 , i i 1 1 i i i i i fi ‘You must be so used to while we struggle to Is our Pet doing well or have you replaced it with Hal Hat Its 90 much easier, right? Hovis your preparation forthe new job ? Must be really nice to be Have you changed the ‘Am sure things have tured out well for you in 2030. Great t's been nice writing to you Hope this letter brings back old memories...o now you know what Al is and how it impacts our lives, Previous session also talked out various AI domains and some applications based on these. Let us talk more about ts applications and their impact in our lives. In this session, we shall talk about Al's tions in terms of smart cities, smart schools and smart homes. RT CITIES your family got transferred to a new city. There you find that the ‘life’ is ihat different. You observe that the street lamps light brightly only when needed ; there are some people in the street. The traffic lights adjust time automatically as changing traffic load on the crossing. You go out for shopping but your car screen the nearest parking slot for you, automatically. Your household trash goes into a blic bin installed in your lane and amazingly, the municipal vehicle comes to collect it imazed? Well, you should be. Welcome to the smart cities of 21" century. Let us now define and talk about smart cities. Sma ci ‘smart city is a city that uses technology with AI to ae™"C ovide services ; anticipate and solve city problems and Be mance the lives of citizens, smart ty offers: peeps pal technology and Al in a smart way. tteractive control and voice to its citizens. See Se Se Se ee ~ https:/www-youtube.com/watch?v=BrSafa6MkBc https://www-youtube.com/watch?v=bANinYDTzxE j X pttew, youtube.com/watch?v=A lfcDP8L4gs woe ei 7/ 28 "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-IK SaiLID LUWWS aod SNOILN1TOS Lavws swiy pur wonsowp = ‘ipeouiters Savas Povauine: uw eves Gungonsog a © puny "ebeen ABsoue “Cunwoy e8 Yone seoju8s jo ‘uoupsjunde pue vonewoury Qa:Sesson 2 ALIN DALY UVES 29 | i AaB oUt eS0798 010m | | der yo Aurend cur Buuowwoyy | 7 SNO! ‘ { suSinoeas enadopesouieom ue 1Ue6 EIU) 1 ' 130) ApTIFICIAL INTELUGENCE.0 2.2.1 San Cities’ Functioning Let us now have a look at how the moder age smart cities function and make its citizens’ lives better. Some examples of smart cities’ functioning are : © Connected traffic lights receive data from sensors and cars adjusting light cadence and timing to respond to real-time traffic, reducing road congestion. © Connected cars communicate with parking meters and direct drivers to the nearest available spot. ® Blectric vehicles (EV) get charging docks at their parking spots — smart charging (charging while parking). © Over speeding cars automatically get challans and automatically fine is debited from theit linked accounts. © Smazt garbage cans automatically send data to waste management companies and schedule pick-up as needed versus on a pre-planned schedule, © Citizens’ smartphone acts as the legit document holder with information such as their mobile driver's license and ID card with digital credentials. ‘© Smartphones act as one point access system for the city and local government services. Smartphones act as smart wallets linked to the bank accounts and capable of making payments on the fly. } x9 @= Note naan + , oy Om bullng Asmar cry uses techaologles be 1oT enabled Devices, Video cae @ Cameras, Socal Media, Anitical wacogy irsity Intelligence etc. issn fig 2.1 Smart city structure 2.2.2 Technologies for Sman Cities A smart city is possible only because of the technologies and AI, which are the real systems behind its functioning. A smart city uses the following technologies : ‘© Io Enabled Devices. The Internet of Things (lof) is a special type of network of physical objects, called “things”, which are embedded with smart sensors and software (and other technologies). The things (IoT devices) connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools,ft Session 2: ALIN Daly uves 31 4 © Video Cameras. Innovative surveillance cameras with integrated IoT technology and software capture and collect data. © Social Media. Social media posts, location ete. give an idea about how people are using places (and hence can help city planners). © Artificial Intelligence. Various AI based technologies and algorithms help analyse collected data and provide efficient services. These all together act as a nervous system for the smart city and help in providing the stakeholders with constant feedback so they can make informed decisions. Asmart city collects and analyses data from IoT sensors, Internet of Things video cameras, social media etc. In essence, it “senses” ol the environment so that the city operator can decide how and when to take action. Some actions can be performed automatically. For example, a public waste bin can contact the city for service when it is near capacity instead of waiting for a scheduled pickup. 13 Benefits of a Smart City There are many practical and economic benefits in smart cities and smart technologies. Smart cities offer benefits to all its stakeholders in different forms. These are listed below. Making more Effective and Data-based Decisions Smart cities can access and analyse a large amount of data, and extract meaningful and useful information in real time. All this leads to enhanced service levels. Better Transport Services Smart cities use AI and other smart technologies (IoT, computer vision etc.) to provide improved traffic management, easy availability and tracking of trains, buses and taxies, even to large population. Safer Communities A smart city is a safer city with reduced criminal activities, Technologies such as license plate recognition, shooting detectors, connected crime centres, the next generation of the emergency telephone systems and body cameras give police authorities an advantage while they work. Efficient Public Services As natural resources are limited, smart cities effectively conserve and reduce involuntary waste of water and electricity by carefully analysing the usage and wastage. Reduction of the Environmental Footprint Smart cities use energy-efficient buildings, alr quatity sensors and renewable energy sources and thus control the production of harmful gases etc., thereby reducing thelr ecological impact. |32 satiric nmTewicence New Economic Devalopment Opportunities ‘Smart cities provide an open data platform with access to city information, attracting new investments and business as now they can make informed decisions through data analysis, of the smart city integrated technologies. faclusion A smart city ensures that there are no physical or digital barriers for any segment, group ot person of the society, irrespective of their income, strata or age. Infrastructure Improvement Roads, bridges and old buildings often requize massive investments to be maintained and repaired during their useful life, Smart technology can provide cities with predictive analytical Teports to identify areas that need to be solved before an infrastructure failure occurs. oh, ip i ®, ¢ Ul 2.2.4 Disadvantages of Smart Cities Even though Smart cities offer so much and make the lives easier, both for the citizens and for the authorities, there are some challenges/disadvantages of smart cities as listed below. Very Limited Privacy With video suvellance cameras, moitoring of socal media posts and other people activities, it is very difficult to maintain anonymity for anyone. With technologies such as facial recognition, especially at public places, there would not be any personal privacy. Now people just cannot think of going out for a small cosy outing without informing the installed surveillance eyes ©.Seson 2. ALIN DALY Lives 33 Sociel Control Smart city means huge data of people, their functioning, their opinions, choices and preferences etc. Whether it is a government or a private agency, whoever has access to citizens’ data, can control, frighten and try to manipulate public opinion. Exces: e Dependency on Network Smart cities are excessively dependent on networks and electronics and could become incompetent to react or act in a situation when network goes down or these tools are not available. SMART SCHOOLS A smart school is a school, which uses moder technology along with AI to manage all functions of a school. A school has broadly following functional components : Teaching and Learning > Imparting Education —— Exominaton and Evaluation Result an Repo cord generaton ‘Admission Timetable and Attendance Feo collection Provide required service Employee payroll > Transportation > set bun ond oer transport management > Administration mart 5 >mart School, A school broadly has the following stakeholders : A smart schoo! 's a schoo!, which oses modern techaology ® Teachers © Students nepenry meyer. | © Administrative staff 3 ‘functions of a school. © Parents A smart school uses technology with data and AI to automate each of the functional components and make it easy-to-use and much more useful for each of the stakeholder.34 sen - 2.3.1 Functioning of Sinart Schools (Features and Technologies) Consider @ school which has the following features and facilities : @ Its classtooms ae fitted with multimedia courseware and presentation facilities. © Ithas arrangements and media centres for multimedia and AR/VR based teaching and learning resources. All its rooms, labs, offices and staff rooms are continuously connected through network and the Internet. @ Ithas multimedia development centre for helping teachers create multimedia/AR-VR based teaching materials. ¢ It has proper setup for centralized teaching and video-conferencing. © Ithas multiple Ubraries and access points that provide online access to courseware catalogues and databases, information and resource management systems. Its administration offices have high performance computers connected with networks and databases for managing students’ data and facilities for tracking student and teacher performance or resources, @ Ithas intelligent AI based software installed which keeps an eye on teachers’ and students’ posts and usage pattern to identify problematic or attention seeking areas beforehand. @ Its transport system is fully connected with school network and with parents through GPS and provides real-time monitoring of school buses and taxis. © It has specialised server room(s) to handle applications, management databases, and web servers; provide security. Yes, you guessed it right. The above listed are the features, facilities and technologies of a modem-age smart school. Let us now see how smart school uses technology for its functional components. 2.3.14 Smart Schooling in mporting Education A smart school uses moder age technology and Al for conducting various teaching and learning activities using digital tools and collects data and analyses it to make informed decisions for teachers and students. UUTELIGENCE-F ng ad Leaning ‘© Use of Digital tools (Presentations, Animations, VR and AR) for explanation. It makes easier fcSeton 2. ALIN DANY UVES 35 al Notes taking. It makes easier for students to store and reuse the notes. © Availability of notes and other learning resources on the Internet. It makes easier to share and access plethora of information shared by other teachers on the Intemet. ® Interactive teaching and learning environment. Modern age technology offers enhanced interaction among teachers and students and peers. AI based software can analyze the work-pattern and pinpoint the problematic areas. valuation © Use of digital tools and media for exams. The digital tools and media offer varied methods of conducting exams with increased flexibility. © Digital proctoring. Modern age technology offers monitored exams through modem tools of motion and gesture sensing, recording the students, analysing their body language etc. Real time online and offline examination. With modem technology tools, it is easier to conduct offline as well online exams in real time. e t Card Generation ° pa evaluation and generation of marks through digital exams. Modem technology offer tools and software for evaluation of exams, which ensure consistent marking and evaluation. Although this field requires continuous evolution and improvement, which is happening at a fast face. © Result preparation software and databases. There are many smart technology tools, which aid in quick and efficient result preparation. Result and °21B Smart Schooling in Administration Since the administrative office of the school has to manage and administer various school functions, it uses smart tools for the following : Automated admission process (online application to online result) © Digital tools for timetable and attendance of teachers, students and other staff © & OC - wt —<—_ Fa ee oo AS ‘SMS Alert SF i RFID reader Parents Ceti phone hook Bus and Children Tracking Sotutions| ¢ © Automated Digital Fee collection system @ Automated employee payroll © Avtomated system for complaints, suggestions, grievances and other services 36 ARTFICIA, INTELUGENCE IK Transporteton ‘The uansportation system of a school is responsible for picking and dropping students and ensures their security, A smart school uses smart buses connected to school network and parents through GPS and offers complete monitoring through following features and services : © Alert to parents for successful pickup and drop Alect to parents in case of delays and any other issues © Faclity of vehicle monitoring © Usable via smartphones and other digital tools} 4 Emergency-tesponse smart technology Ss A es of Smart Schools ‘A smart school offers the following advantages : { © Increased Interaction. It improves student leaming through interactive methods. © 24 « 7 Connectivity. Teachers and school authorities are always connected with students through digital means, © More and Interactive Teaching Resources. Digital teaching tools like smart boards and multimedia resources give added power to teachers for teaching. © Hands on Approach. Smart schools give students a hands-on approach to classroom pts through simulations, animations and AR/VR (Augmented Reality/Virtual reelity) learning resources. Flexible. Smart schools offer flexibility by using digital tools for examination and result preparation. Also, the curriculum offered is more flexible and open, € Predictive Monitoring of Student Progress. Smart schools use the student data and use predictive Al algorithms to predict the actual progress and needs of students. © Preventive Monitoring of Student Progress. Smart schools can monitor the activity data of students and study their interest profile and take corrective actions if any student isin a bad company or needs some help from disorders like Internet Addiction Disorder etc. © Increased Faith, With the use of connected and monitored teaching along with monitored transportation, parents have heightened sense of security and more faith. 2.3.3 Drsodvantoges of Smart Schools Despite offering many advantages, there are some disadvantages of smart schools. These are: we Costly. Smart schools incur a higher cost for its digital tools, network, electronics, Internet connectivity and other required software.Session 2: ALIN DAILY UVES 37 © Scope of Manipulation, Digital examination is not fool proof and hence is not as secure as offline examination can be. © Excessive Dependency on Network. Smart schools are excessively dependent on networks and electronics and could become incompetent to react or act in a situation when network goes down or these tools are not available. se See See See Se Se Se J| Smart School Digital Resource Links https://www-youtube.com/watch?v=QPblmwicqlE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InYNpUIg)5g, { wee 14 SMART HOME Smart home is a network of hardware, communication, electronic interfaces coupled with AI based algorithms that work to integrate everyday devices with one another via the Internet. A smart home gives its users a ‘emote’ control over devices at home (even if the user is away from home) and enhanced security features. This allows you to tum on the lights, lock the front door, or even tum down the heat, no matter where you devices at hame and enhanced ‘security features, are. 14.1 Components of Smart Home There are three main elements of a smart home that work with the help of oT and the Internet, which are : (i) Sensors. A sensor is a device that is capable of identifying gestures or monitor changes and convert them in electrical form. Sensors can monitor changes in daylight, temperature, or motion detection. (ii) Controllers. Controllers refer to the smart devices of today ~ personal computers, tablets or smartphones ~ used to send and receive messages about the status of automated features in your home. (iii) Actuators. Actuators may be light switches, motors, or motorized vatves that control the actual mechanism, or function, of a home automation system: They are programmed to be activated by a remote command from a controller, 24.2. Features of Smart Homes Smart homes offer a variety of services and functions. Some of the these include : © Fire and carbon monoxide monitoring ‘© Smart lighting © Remote lighting control! / 38 ARUFICIAL INTELIGENCE-0 © Thermostat control © Appliance control © Remote Locking © Home automation security systems and cameras ‘© Live video surveillance © Alarm systems ® Real-time text and email alerts ‘© Digital personal assistant integration © Keyless entry © Voice-activated control Examples : ‘© You are out of your house. Your smart home is in security mode and someone tries to enter your house. Your smast home turns on lights & rings alarm and also sends notification/email etc. to pre-assigned individuals. ‘© When you are out of station, and the house in “secure-mode”, the lights in the house at different places will turn on/off randomly during evenings to create an impression that someone is at home, © Your smart home comes with predefined modes like leaving house, evening, night etc. Where you can pre-program which lights/devices to tun on/off. © Your AC has scheduled time and thermostat so that you get cooled room when you reach home, It starts and cools your home just before your reaching home. ‘© Your outdoor lights turn on automatically in evening and turn-off at dawn. ‘© You get notifications when your kids (carrying tags in the bags) reach home.Session 2 : Al IN DAILY LIVES oh © You get notification when your pet with tagged collar leaves home. © Your smart home alerts you who (maid/kids) are accessing your wardrobes/cabinets in your absence. This gives you a power to keep tab on your maids/servants/kids. ® You can view your home live from anywhere on your mobile phone. Other than the above listed ones, your smart home can switch on lights/AC/washing machine/Coffee machine etc. at scheduled times ; Bathroom lights switch on automatically when you enter in bathroom in the night, sensing your motion; elderly people can be properly monitored through smart devices and much more. ee { Smart Homes _ Digital Resource Links Y_nttpsufwww.vimar.comvervint/features-of-smart-homes-15310122.html \ hittps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcCH_8TaGtk Noe eee 1.4.3 Advantages of Smart Homes ‘A smart home offers many advantages and benefits. Some of these are : Remote Access. A smart home offers control of your home from mobile devices, including your laptop, tablet, or smartphone, ® Comfort. A smart home makes your home more comfortable and liveable space, e.9., pre-programmed thermostat for maintaining comfortable temperature at home ; smart speakers to play music when you get home from work ; or adjustment of lights to soften or brighten based on the time of day. © Convenience. A smart home allows you to program devices to tum on automatically at certain times, or access their settings remotely from anywhere with an Internet connection. When you don't have to remember to lock the door behind you or switch off the lights, you can turn your attention to more important things. ® Increased Safety. Smart fire detectors, carbon monoxide monitors, pressure sensors, and other home automation security features help protect your home from disaster. ¢ Energy Efficiency. A smart home allows you to be more watchful of your power usage. For example, you can save on energy bills by reducing the length of time that lights stay on, or by lowering temperatures when you leave a room. © Older Generation- and Disabled-Friendly. Smart homes offer many tools and features that make the lives of older generation very easy such as automatic switching on/off of lights and devices, pre-programmed cleaning schedules, pre-programmed devices to monitor medicine-intake, timely informing of any mishap (if happens) to pre-assigned contacts and much more.r QQ. ARTIFICIAL INTELUGENCE-1N ¢~ 244 Disa vantages of Smen Homes Although smart homes offer many advantages, yet they too, like other systems, also suffer from some disadvantages. ‘These are : ® Cost. The biggest problem, con or disadvantage of a smart home system is the cost. It really costs high to get installed smart devices and connect them to make it a smart home network, Dependency on Internet. Without a good and strong Internet connection, smart home devices and appliances won't be able to function as intended. If there is no Internet connection for some reason, there is no other way through which you can access and control your system. Dependency on Professionals. A smart home is made by advanced smart devices, which require the services of professionals every time, you are stuck up. It won't be as simple as changing a light bulb ; there is certain level of expertise required to maintain these devices. Only company professionals can help you handle the problems. © Unexpected Issues. Sometimes smart home devices aren’t prepared for unexpected situations and it may backfire, e.g., if your voice control house security system refuses to recognise your voice in case you have some cold or any other medical issue, it might create unforeseen problems. © Privacy Issues. A smart home has everything monitored which may be too intruding for private people. What ts Interactive Story 7 Interactive story, also known as Interactive namative, isa litetaetive Story form of digital interactive experience in which users Interactive story (Interactive | a interactively influence @ dramatic storyline through their MaFFative/fiction) Is a form of ~ ee digital interactive experience in sehich users interactively (nflagnsea ‘The story unfolds and progresses as per the choiows of the a dramatic storyline through thelr users and the sser's actions can significantly alter the actions, direction and/or outcome of the story. ‘The post ofan interactive arate syste sto innerse the use ina virtual world such that he of she betieves that they are an integral part of an unfolding story. Sofware for Creating Interptive Stones a There are many different software available for creating interactive storiewfiction, Some popular one are: Google Docs’ Story Speaker, Google Docs Presentation, Ms PowerPoint ‘etc. Some popular fee and open source soltware for creating interactive stories are : Twine (https://twinery.o1g/), Quest(http://textadventures.co.uk/quest/), . Squiffy(hitp://Aextadventuses.co.uk/squitfy ) etc. :Session 2: ALIN DANY LIVES 41 Your syllabus recommends to use Google Docs’ Story Speaker, which is installed as an extension to google Chrome web browser. But, unfortunately, this extension is not available for our country jee below), = Appnot alowed Sony. mis apo's net avaabn rye corey Thus, we shall create interactive story using other software like Google docs’ Presentation or MS. PowerPoint. You can choose any of these ~ the process is similar for both of these, which is : (i) Decide the plot of your story with multiple directions. (i) Decide about the subplot and its branches for each of the direction of step 1. (iil) Create Title slide for your story. (iv) Create initial pages(slides) of your pages until you reach a page which displays multiple branching directions for your story. (0) For each of the branching direction of a story, add a name and add a hyperlink to it, inking it to slide that carries forward the story for this branch. (vi) Repeat step 5 for each of the branching direction. (vii) Create slides for each of the branching directions. Add images, sounds, links as per your” story line, (viii) Now save your work and run your story. {ix) The story will progress as per the directions/links chosen by the user, (2) The end/outcome of the story will be different for each user as per their chosen directiony/tinks. Sac Se Ser Se Sc SS oe oe Creating Interactive Story using Google Docs - Digital Resource Links i hutps/Avww.youtube.com/watch?vag}8IDHapPRS: hitps://www.youtube.conywatch?v=22297a-4d3s K hutps://www.youtube.com/watch?vemkaiNUobpY Se a ws a we ee ee alGA ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE 1K \ tide 10) Balcony of Bedroom 2 tf The balcony of bedroom 2 has seating of 34 people with plants kept here and fairy lights around them. » The Smart Speakers of balcony automatically start playing lovely soothing melodies whenever someone goes to sit there. Unk (Back to besroom 2) Side 10 Slide 11 Thank you for visiting my smart home. Hope you enjoyed the tour. ‘Sue 12 Your passcode or card is invalid, Please leave fast else the burglar alarm will go off in 7 seconds and the police will be notified. Note ‘You may add more smart home devices and gadgets to this interactive story. You ‘refer to many sites such as : Jp ww home-desigoing com/2016:09/50-insanely-useful- ectseyo-can-buy-tight-now, seuan-home: |. From the statements given below, identify the context of the statements out of these three + ‘smart city, smart home (i) Connected cars communicate with parking meters and direct drivers to the nearest available spot (i) Parents yet real-time Jacation of their children’s van or bus. (ii) Electric vebucles (EV) get charging, docks at their parking spots ~ smart charging, (charging, while parking) (0) The blinds automatically cover door and windows in the evening time. (0) Teachers use the Internet, multimedia and AR/VR based teaching, resources. (01) No une can enter the house without speaking the right passcode. (ot) Over speeding, cars automatically get challany and automatically fine is debited from their linked acovunts (vuiy Multiple ibraties and access points provide online access to courseware catalogues and databases, information and reanurce management systems, (bx) Stnart garbage cans automatically send data to waste management companies and schedule pid-up as needed versus on a pre planned schedule. (2) edrigerators automatically order milk whenever thew ts very less quantity of milk in the fridge. (1) The temperature automatically increases or decreases as per the weather and as the number of ! guests at home. Gai) High pe uance computers are connected with networks and databases for managing, data and facilities for tracking student and teacher performance of resources.