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Advanced Concrete Rheology

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Wahyu Nursamhuda, ST
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31 views

Advanced Concrete Rheology

Uploaded by

Wahyu Nursamhuda, ST
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED

CONCRETE RHEOLOGY
OUTLINE

➢INTRODUCTION

➢WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

➢RHEOLOGY OF CONCRETE

➢RHEOMETERS

➢CONCLUDING REMARKS

➢REFERENCES
Rheology is the study of the flow
of matter, primarily in a fluid
state, but also as "soft solids" or
solids under conditions in which
they respond with the plastic flow
rather than deforming elastically
in response to an applied force.
Concrete Rheology is related to

• LIQUID–TO-SOLID
CHANGE
• CONCRETE PROPERTIES
• CONCRETE FLOW RATE
• VISCOSITY
• DENSITY
Rheology of concrete is related to
concrete workability

Workability is a property of raw or fresh


concrete mixture.
In simple words, workability means ease of
placement and workable concrete.
it means concrete that can be placed and can
be compacted easily without any segregation.
“A Scientific Approach for Determining the Workability of Concrete”

Not too watery


Not too viscous
WORKABILITY

➢ “The ease with which concrete can be


mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished
to a homogenous condition.”

➢ Unless we measure the phenomenon we


cannot understand the properties of
workability.

➢ Abrams suggested determining a “relative


consistency” term calculated by
measuring the distance fresh concrete
slumped after being molded in cylinder—
the slump test.
WORKABILITY (Cont..)

Empirical Tests
WORKABILITY-DRAW BACKS
➢ Widely used test is Slump test. Which is directly related to
workability and is an empirical test.

➢ Difficult to compare results from one test to another.

➢ Early days of concrete- composed of cement, Aggregate & Water.


▪ Lower Water content – Lower slump & higher quality of concrete.

➢ Today - Advance special concrete in industry.


▪ Concrete - Admixture ,Manufacturing Sand, Fibers, GGBS etc.
WORKABILITY-DRAW BACKS (Cont..)
➢ Tattersall Classifies the Workability of Concrete
▪ Class-I , Class-II and Class-III.

➢ Tattersall and Banfill pointed out single-point parameter in


evaluation of by empirical methods.

➢ Tattersall, splits up the workability test as single-point and multi-


point tests based on flow curve relating shear stress and shear rate.
WORKABILITY-DRAW BACKS (Cont..)
➢ So single point tests are incapable for determining the parameter of fresh
concrete.

➢ Multiple tests needed to describe different aspects of workability.

➢ Two concrete with same Slump may flow differently & have different
workability.

▪ Yield stress is related to the force


required breaking down structure and
initiating the flow.
▪ Plastic viscosity describes the resistance
to flow once the concrete is flowing.
WORKABILITY (Cont..)
➢ Draw backs of empirical tests- needs a method based on scientific approach.

➢ Workability of concrete is closely related to flow properties.

➢ Also ACI Subcommittee 236-A recommends, “Workability of Fresh Concrete,”


based on material science- approach to provide better methods for
measuring workability for concretes.

➢ In that approaches several methods are available, but Rheological techniques


are most commonly and widely used methods.
CONCRETE RHEOLOGY
➢ Rheology is the scientific study of the flow and deformation of matter.

➢ Concrete rheology is science which deals with fresh properties of concrete and
concrete it consider as fluid.

➢ Two parameters are namely; yield stress and plastic viscosity are needed to
describe flow properties.

➢ By using various available models or constitutive equations.

➢ Basic Constitute Relationships for flow


• Newtonian fluid is the basic
constitute equation for flow.
CONCRETE RHEOLOGY (Cont..)

➢ The Bingham model is most commonly used to represent concrete flow due to it simplicity
and its ability to represent the majority of concrete mixtures.
RHEOLOGY MEASUREMENT
➢ To determine the Bingham parameters, there are two possibilities:

➢ The fresh concrete is sheared at high rate before the Rheological test. Then, the
shear rate is decreased gradually and the stress is measured. The relationship
between the stress and shear rate is plotted and the intercept at zero-shear
rate is the yield stress, while the slope is the plastic viscosity.

➢ The stress applied to the material is increased slowly and the shear rate is
measured. When the stress is high enough the concrete will start flowing. The
point at which the materials flow is the yield stress and the slope of the curve
above this stress is the plastic viscosity.
FACTORS INFLUENCING
CONCRETE RHEOLOGY
RHEOMETERS
➢ To measure the liquid, suspension or slurry flows in response to applied
forces is measuring by a devices called as Rheometer.

➢ Tattersall for the first time carried out systematic investigations in this field in
1973 and he suggested the use of a 'Two-point test’.

➢ All the rheometers measure the resistance to flow of concrete at varying


shear rate conditions.

➢ Rheometers for concrete fall into one of three configurations: coaxial


cylinders, parallel plate, and impeller-type.
TYPES OF RHEOMETERS
➢ Two-Point Test

➢ BML

➢ BTRHEOM

➢ CEMAGREF-IMG

➢ IBB
THE TWO-POINT RHEOMETER

FIGURE : GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE TWO-POINT TEST

➢Impeller imparts stirring action in a bowl of concrete, and driving


torque (T) is measured.
THE BML RHEOMETER

FIGURE(A) SHOWS THE CONTEC BML (B) INNER AND OUTER CYLINDER

➢Inner cylinder measures torque as the outer cylinder rotates at


variable angular velocity.

➢Fully automated and is controlled by computer software called


FreshWin.
THE BTRHEOM RHEOMETER

FIGURE : THE BTRHEOM RHEOMETER SHOWING THE BLADES AT THE TOP


AND BOTTOM OF THE BUCKET CONTAINING THE CONCRETE.

➢Software program, ADRHEO, operates the device, records data, and computes
the rheological parameters.
THE IBB RHEOMETER

FIGURE : PICTURE OF IBB RHEOMETER

➢ Fully automated and uses a data acquisition system to drive an impeller


rotating in fresh concrete.
➢ The yield stress and plastic viscosity, are displayed on the screen.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
➢ Measuring workability of fresh concrete based rheological properties is a more
basic fundamental scientific approach to address an limitation of empirical test
in the back drop of development of new type of special concrete.

➢ Mixes can be differentiate based on the values of rheological parameters.

➢ Using rheological parameters new mathematical models and mix design


procedure can be proposed.
REFERENCES
1. K.T. Yucel1 etal,” Comparing Fresh Concrete Workability Using Experimental
Studies and Theoretical Statements”.
2. Koehler, P. Eric and Fowler, W. David, “Quality of Qualification of Concrete
Workability By Means of the Vibrating Slope Apparatus”, ICAR 105-2, 2003.
3. G. Sam Wong, etal “Portland-Cement Concrete Rheology and Workability: Final
Report”, FHWA-RD-00-025, January 2000.
4. Koehler, P. Eric and Fowler, W. David, “Summary of Concrete Workability Test
Methods”, ICAR 105-2003.
5. P.F.G. Banfill, “The rheology of fresh cement and concrete-A review” 11th
international Cement Chemistry Congress, Durban, 2003.
6. Tattersall.G.H. Workability and Quality Control of Concrete. London: E. & F. N.
Spon; 1991.
7. Ferraris C.F, “Measurement of rheological properties of high-performance
concrete: state-of-the-art report, National Institute of Standards and
Technology”, NISTIR 5869, Vol.104, pp 461-478, September–October 1999.
8. F. de Larrard, C. F. Ferraris, and T. Sedran, “Fresh Concrete: A Herschel-Bulkley
Material”, Mater. Struct. 31, 494-498 (1998).
9. Q.D. Nguyen and D.V. Boger, “Yield stress measurement for concentrated
suspensions”, Journal of Rheology, Vol. 27, No. 4, Pp 321-349, 1983.
REFERENCES
10. V. Hackley and C.F. Ferraris, “The Use of Nomenclature in Dispersion Science and
Technology”, (Special Report 960-3). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of
Standards and Technology, 2001.
11. Ferraris, Chiara. F., and Brower, Lynn E., Comparison of concrete rheometers
Concrete International, pp 1-66, 2000.
12. Tattersall.G.H., Banfill, P.F.G.: The rheology of fresh concrete, First edition,
Pitman, Boston, London, Melbourne, 1983.
13. P.J.M. Bartos, Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete: Compendium of
Tests, Report of Technical CommitteeTC145 WSM, RILEM.
14. S. Girish, C. Indumathi, JagadishVengala and R.V. Ranganath, “Rheological
Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete using Direct Shear Box”, The Indian
Concrete Journal, Vol. 83, No. 8, pp 47-53, 2009.
15. S.Girish and B.S. Santhosh, ”A Unique Procedure for Finding the Rheological
Properties of Fresh Portland Cement Concrete using Concrete Shear Tests”,
RILEM, pp365-372.
16. S.Girish and B.S. Santhosh, “Determination of Bingham Parameters of Fresh
Portland Cement Concrete Using Concrete Shear Box”, Bonfring International
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, No.4, pp 84-90,
December 2012.
17. S.Girish and B.S. Santhosh, “Concrete Shear Test: A new tool for determining
rheological properties of fresh Portland cement concrete”, Advance in Civil
Engineering and Building Materials, pp289-293, 2013.
Thank you

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