Element of RAMS and Affecting Factors (Part B)

Civil Engineering Department, Direktorat Sarana Perkeretaapian

Engineering Faculty, Direktorat Jenderal Perkeretaapian (DJKA)
University of Lampung (UNILA) Kementerian Perhubungan (Kemenhub)
Indonesia
 Standards for Railway Application RAMS

EN 50126 Railway Applications: The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS)
EN 50128 Railway Applications: Communication, signaling and processing systems – Software for railway control and protection systems
EN 50129 Railway Applications: Communication, signaling and processing systems – Safety-related electronic systems for signaling
EN 50159 Railway Applications: Communication, signaling and processing systems – Safety-related communication in transmission systems
EN 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems
(IEC 61508)

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 Railway Application RAMS – Standard EN 50126

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 How does EN 50126 helps to increase the quality of transport service ?

EN 50126 helps to

 Identify influence factors to RAMS of a railway system.

 Manage those influence factors, i.e. evaluate the effect of each factor at each phase of the life cycle.
 Perform a risk analysis for various phases of the system life cycle and link tasks to the authority
responsible.

 Structure a system life cycle for the purpose of planning, managing, controlling and monitoring all
aspects of a system, including RAMS, in order to deliver the right product at the right price within the
agreed time scales.

 Support an audit process and to provide a basis for the railway authority and the railway support
industry to agree and implement an audit plan for the railway system.

 … and much more

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 EN 50126 – Factors Influencing Railway RAMS
In order to derive influencing factors to railway RAMS in detail, EN 50126 provides a structured diagram.

Extract from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Chapter 4.4.2.9)

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 EN 50126 – Factors Influencing Railway RAMS
For example EN 50126 provides a checklist that supports the derivation of human factors which influence system
RAMS.

Extract from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Chapter 4.4.2.11)

Similar checklists exist for railway specific factors such as system operation, environment, etc.

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 EN 50126 – Factors Influencing Railway RAMS

EN 50126 recommends to create and to use cause/effect diagrams as part of the process to define those factors
which will affect the successful achievement of a system that complies with specified RAMS requirements.

 Target is to develop a level of

understanding of the system.
The collection of information and data of
influencing factors belong to phase 1 of the
system life cycle: Concept Phase

Extract from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Chapter 4.4.2.12)

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 EN 50126 – Procedures and Control Mechanisms
The influencing factors need to be managed and controlled! Tables from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Annex A)
 EN 50126 provides guidelines to establish mechanisms and
procedures for the effective control of the influencing factors.
Examples:
 Definition of reliability targets in order to meet the required
performance of system failure modes and mean time
between failure (MTBF), e.g.: for rolling stock.
 Description of the maintenance policy and the types of
Revision encountered, e.g. R0-R3 for rolling-stock.
 Description of safety targets and safety policy of the
application; identifying and listing the safety related
functions (e.g. braking) or units (e.g. coach door).
 Specification of the system availability, e.g. in parts
attributed to planned non-availability (Maintenance) or
unplanned non-availability (Repair).
Above tasks belong to phase 2 of the system life cycle:
System Definitions and Application Conditions

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 EN 50126 – System Life Cycle
Risk Asssessment
 EN 50126 introduces a system life cycle which is a
sequence of phases, each containing tasks.
 The tasks cover the total life of a system from
initial concept through to decommissioning and
disposal.
 The life cycle provides a structure for planning,
managing, controlling and monitoring all aspects of
a system, including RAMS.
 The life cycle concept is fundamental to the
successful implementation of EN 50126 and
helps to deliver the right product at the right
price within the agreed time scales.

Extract from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Chapter 5.2.2)

Implementation and demonstration

of compliance with requirements

Operation, maintenance and

performance monitoring

Page 13 Interrelation of RAMS management process and system life cycle(BS EN 50126)
 EN 50126 – System Life Cycle in “V” Presentation

 The top-down branch (left

side) is called development.
 Refining process ending
with the manufacturing.

 The bottom-up branch (right side)

is related to assembly, installation,
receipt and then operation of the
whole system.

 The "V" representation assumes that

acceptance phases are linked to the
development phases: what is actually
designed has to be checked in regard to Extract from EN50126-1:1999-1 (Chapter 5.2.2)
requirements.

 Validation activities for acceptance should be planned in the earlier stages (i.e. starting at the corresponding
development phases of the life cycle) because validation and acceptance is based on the system specification.

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TABLE 1.1 TABLE 1.1 (CONTINUED)
Summary of the Project Phase-Related Requirements, Management, and Processes Summary of the Project Phase-Related Requirements, Management, and Processes
Life Cycle Phases RAM Tasks Safety Tasks General Tasks Life Cycle Phases RAM Tasks Safety Tasks General Tasks
1. Concept • Consider previously • Consider previously • Establish and define the 5. Apportionment • Apportionment of • Apportionment of • Apportionment of system
achieved RAM achieved safety scope and purpose of of system system RAM system safety targets requirements
performance of performance of project requirements requirements to the and requirements for • Define subsystem and
similar projects similar project and • Define project concept specific subsystem specific subsystems components requirements
• Consider and define application • Carry out financial and component and components and acceptance criteria
RAM implications conditions analysis and feasibility RAM requirements • Define subsystem
of new project • Consider and define studies • Define subsystem and components
• Review RAM safety implications of • Set up management and components safety acceptance
targets new project RAM acceptance criteria
• Safety policy and criteria • Update system safety
safety targets are plan, if necessary
reviewed 6. Design and • Implement RAM • Implement safety • Planning
2. System definition • Perform preliminary • Perform preliminary • Define system mission implementation program by review, plan by review, • Design and development
and application RAM analysis, hazard analysis, profile analysis, testing and analysis, testing, and • Design analysis and
conditions based on historical based on the • Prepare system-level data assessment, data assessment. It testing
data of RAM historical data of technical description reliability, includes: • Design certification
• Define RAM policy safety • Identify operation and availability, • Hazard log • Implementation and
• Identify life • Create safety plan maintenance strategies maintainability and • Hazard analysis and validation
cycle-based • Define risk • Identify operating and maintenance, and risk assessment • Design of logistic support
operation and acceptance criteria maintenance conditions analysis logistic • Undertake program resources
maintenance • Identification of the • Identify influence of support control for safety
conditions influences on safety existing interfaces of • Control programs: management and
• Identification of the of existing interfaces infrastructure and local RAM program supplier control
influences on RAM of infrastructure and constraints management, • Preparation of
of existing interfaces further constraints control of suppliers generic safety case
of infrastructure and and contractors • Preparation of
other constraints generic application
3. Risk analysis • Not relevant • Perform systematic • Project-level risk analysis safety case, if
hazard analysis and (may have to be repeated required
safety risk analysis at several stages) 7. Manufacturing • Requires • Implement safety • Production planning
on system level environmental plan (by following • Manufacture
• Set up central hazard stress screening review, analysis, • Manufacture and test
log • Requires RAM testing and data subassembly of
• Make complete risk improvement assessment) components
assessment (= risk testing • Use and update • Documentation
analysis + risk • Initiate failure hazard log management
evaluation) reporting and • Design associated
4. System • Specify system • Specify system safety • Requirements analysis corrective action trainings
requirements RAM requirements requirements • System specific system (FRACAS)
• Define RAM • Define safety • Specify local environment 8. Installation • Start trainings for • Establish installation • Subsystem assembly and
acceptance criteria acceptance criteria • Define system assurance, the maintenance program system-level integration
• Define system • Define safety-related demonstration, and people from a • Implement • Multiple subsystem
functional concept functional concept acceptance criteria maintainer installation program installations
and structure and requirements • Establish verification and • Establish spare parts
• Establish RAM • Establish safety validation plan and tool provision-
program on system management on • Establish management, related (inventory)
level system level quality, integration, and lists
• Establish RAM organization (Continued)
management on requirements
system level • Introduce and implement
change control procedure
(Continued)
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 TABLE 1.1 (CONTINUED)
Summary of the Project Phase-Related Requirements, Management, and Processes
Life Cycle Phases RAM Tasks Safety Tasks General Tasks
9. System validation • RAM demonstration • Establish and then • System-level
(and evaluation in commission program commissioning
reference to the • Preparation of • Perform transition or
penalty criteria, e.g., application-specific probationary period of
trip losses during safety case begins operation
operation times) • Carry out related
trainings
10. System • Assess RAM • Assess application- • Observe acceptance
acceptance demonstration in specific safety case in procedures, based on
reference to the reference to the given acceptance criteria
acceptance criteria acceptance criteria • Documented evidence for
acceptance
• System bringing into
service
• Continue transition or
probationary period of
operation, if necessary
11. Operation and • Procurement of • Safety-centered • System operation for
maintenance spare parts and maintenance long-term basis
tools • Safety performance • Maintenance activities
• Apply reliability- monitoring based on system-level
centered • Continuous considerations
maintenance, management and
logistic support maintenance of
hazard log
12. Performance • Through FRACAS • Through FRACAS • Through FRACAS (and
monitoring (and SCADA, if (and SCADA, if SCADA, if relevant)
relevant) collect, relevant) collect, collect operational
analyze, evaluate, analyze, evaluate, performance statistics and
and use and use performance analyze and evaluate
performance and and safety statistics collected data
RAM statistics
13. Modification • Reconsider RAM • Reconsider safety • Take care of change
and retrofit implications for implications for request procedures
modification and modification and • Take care of modification
retrofit and revise retrofit and revise and retrofit procedures
and update the and update the
necessary necessary
requirements requirements
14. Decommissioning • Not relevant • Safety plan for the • Planning and procedure
and disposal decommissioning of decommissioning and
and disposal and its disposal
implementation
• Decommissioning
and disposal-based
hazard analysis and
risk assessment
Source: CEN, EN 50126. Railway Applications—The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability, Availability,
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Maintainability and Safety (RAMS), CEN, Brussels, 2003.
[email protected]

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