Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

SOME STUDIES ON IDENTITIES WITH UNITY OR WITHOUT UNITY IN THE CENTER OF

THE NON-ASSOCIATIVE RINGS.

Dr. K. Madhu sudhan Reddy

Mathematics Section, Department of Information Technology
University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Shinas, Sultanate of Oman

Abstract- In this paper, we study some properties by taking certain identities with unity or without unity in the center of
Non - Associative Rings and hence we prove the commutative exist.

Keywords – Center, Non-Associative Ring, Prime ring,Alternative Ring. Char.≠n

I. INTRODUCTION

Introduction: “The center U of R is defined as U = {uR / [u, R] = 0}. A ring R is of characteristic ≠ n if nx = 0 implies x = 0
for all x in R and n a natural number. An alternative ring R is a ring in which (x, x, y) = 0 = (x, y, y) for all x, y in R. A ring R is
said to be prime if whenever A and B are ideals of R such that AB = 0, then either A = 0 or B = 0.”

Throughout this paper R represents non - associative ring. In 1973 [10] RamAwtar proved commutativity of a prime associative
ring by taking xy2x – yx2y in the center U. In 1975 [11] Awtar has proved the commutativity of a nonassociative ring with 1
satisfying any one of the identity (xy)n = (yx)n, (xy)n = xnyn and (xy)n = ynxn.

In 1988 [9] Quadri, Khan and Ashraf proved the commutativity of an associative ring R satisfying the identity (xy)2 =
yx for all x, y. R.D.Giri and Modi [1] generalized this result and proved certain results on the commutativity of nonassociative
rings of char. ≠ 2 with unity satisfying (xy)2  U or (xy)2 – xy  U or ((xy)z)2 – (xy)z  U or [(xy)2 – yx, x] = 0 or [(xy)2 – yx, y] =
0.

Yuanchun [12] proved that a semisimple ring R is commutative if and only if (xy)2 – xy2x is central and in 2000 [4]
Khan proved that commutativity of a nonassociative ring with unity satisfying (xy)2 = (xy2)x or (xy)2 = (yx2)y.

K.Suvarna and K.Madhusudhan Reddy[5,6,7] proved commutativity in prime alternative ring by taking identities in the
center and they studied commutativity without using Herstein theorem and unity. Based on the above results we have proved
commutativity with unity and without unity in the non asoociative rings..

We prove some results on commutativity with unity.

Theorem1: Let R be a nonassociative ring of char.  2 with unity satisfying x2  U for all x in R. Then R is commutative.
Proof: By hypothesis x2  U (1)
Put x = x + 1 in (1) and using (1), we get
2x U.
By taking char.  2 we get x U
Therefore xy = yx for all x in R.
Hence R is commutative
Theorem2: Let R be a nonassociative ring with unity satisfying xy  U for all x,y in R. Then R is commutative.

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Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

Proof: By hypothesis xy  U (2)

Now we take y = y + 1 in (2) and using (2), we get
x U
Therefore xy = yx for all x in R.
Hence R is commutative
Theorem3: Let R be a nonassociative ring with unity satisfying (xy)z  U for all x,y and z in R. Then R is commutative.
Proof: By hypothesis(xy)z  U (3)
take z with z + 1 in (3) and using (3), we get
xy  U
by using theorem (2), we obtain commutative .
Theorem 4 :Let R be an alternative ring with char.  2 satisfying (x  y)  U for all x, y in R. Then R is commutative.
Proof: By hypothesis (x  y)  U , i.e., xy + yx  U. (4)
Now by replacing x = x + 1 in (4) and using (4), we get
2x U.
Using char.  2 we get x U
Therefore xy = yx for all x in R.
Hence R is commutative.
We prove the commutativity without unity.
First we prove the following Lemmas:
Lemma 1: Let R be an alternative ring with [x, [x, y]] = 0. Then 2[x, y]2 = [x, [x, y2]].

Proof : We have [x, [x, y2]] – 2[x, y]2 = [x, xy2 – y2x] – 2(xy – yx)2
= x(xy2 – y2x) – (xy2 – y2x)x – 2(xy)2 – 2(yx)2
+ 2(xy)(yx) + 2(yx)(xy)
= x2y2 – x(y2x) – x(y2x) + y2x2 – 2(xy)2 – 2(yx)2
+ 2x(y2x) + 2y(x2y)
= x2y2 + y2x2 – 2(xy)2 – 2(yx)2 + 2y(x2y)
= (x2y2 – 2 (xy)2 + (yx2)y) + (y2x2 – 2(yx)2 + y(x2y))
= (x2y – 2(xy)x + yx2)y + y(yx2 – 2x(yx) + x2y)
= [x, [x, y]]y + y[x, [x, y]] = 0.
Therefore 2[x, y]2 = [x, [x, y2]].

Lemma 2 : Let R be a prime alternative ring satisfying the condition [x, y]2 – [x2, y2]  U for all x, y in R. Then R has no
nonzero nilpotent elements.

Proof : By hypothesis [x, y]2 – [x2, y2]  U

i.e., (xy – yx)2 – (x2y2 – y2x2)  U. (5)
Now we replace x with x + y. Then
((x + y)y – y(x + y))2 – (x + y)2y2 + y2(x + y)2  U
or (xy – yx)2 – x2y2 – (xy)y2 – (yx)y2 – y4 + y2x2 + y2(xy) + y2(yx) + y4  U.
Using (5), we get
y2(xy) – (yx)y2 + y2(yx) – (xy)y2  U. (6)

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Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

Thus for y  R, we have

(y2(xy) – (yx)y2 + y2(yx) – (xy)y2)y = y(y2(xy) – (yx)y2 + y2(yx) – (xy)y2). (7)
Without loss of generality let 0  x  R and x2 = 0.
Now by replacing y with yx in (7), we get
((yx)2(x(yx)) – ((yx)x)(yx)2 + (yx)2((yx)x) – (x(yx))(yx)2) (yx) =
(yx) ((yx)2(x(yx))– ((yx)x)(yx)2 + (yx)2((yx)x) – (x(yx))(yx)2).
i.e., yxyxxyxyx – yxxyxyxyx + yxyxyxxyx – xyxyxyxyx =
yxyxyxxyx – yxyxxyxyx + yxyxyxyxx –yxxyxyxyx .
Now using the fact x2 = 0 in the above equation, we obtain (xy)4x = 0, that is (xy)5 = 0 for all y in R.
By Lemma 1.1 of [3] it follows that xR is a nonzero right ideal of R in which z5 = 0 where z  xR. But (xy)5 = 0 implies xR = 0,
since x2 = 0. Then xRx = 0. Hence x = 0, by primeness of R.

Theorem 5: Let R be a prime alternative ring of char.  2 satisfying [x, y]2 – [x2, y2]  U for all x, y in R. Then R is
commutative.

Proof: Refer the proof as in [7].

Theorem 6: Let R be a prime alternative ring with char.  2 satisfying (i) [x2y2 + xy, z]  U or (ii) [x2y2 + yx, z]  U for all x, y in
R and for fixed z in R. Then R is commutative.
Proof : (i) By hypothesis [x2y2 + xy, z]  U. (8)
We take x with x + y in (8). Then
[(x + y)2y2 + (x + y)y, z]  U
or [x2y2 + (xy)y2 + (yx)y2 + xy + y4 + y2, z]  U. (9)
Using (8) in (9), we get
[(xy)y2 + (yx)y2 + y4 + y2, z]  U. (10)
By replacing x with y in (8), we obtain
[y4 + y2, z]  U. (11)
Using (11)in (10), we get
[(xy)y2 + (yx)y2, z]  U. (12)
Now put x = x + y in (12), we have
[(xy)y2 + (yx)y2 +2y4, z]  U.
Using (12)in above and using char.  2, we get
[y4, z]  U. (13)
From (11) and (13), we have
[y2, z]  U. (14)
By placing y = x + y in (14) and using (14), we get
[xy + yx, z]  U. (15)
Now by replacing z = yx in , we get
[xy, yx]  U or (xy2)x – (yx2)y  U.
Now applying the same argument as in the Theorem 5, we conclude that R is commutative.
(ii) By hypothesis
[x2y2 + yx, z] U. (16)
We replace x with x + y and use (16). Then

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Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930

[(xy)y2 + (yx)y2 + y4 + y2, z]  U.

Now applying the same argument as in Theorem 6(i), we conclude that R is commutative

REFERENCES
[1] Giri, R.D. and Modi, A.K. “Some results on commutativity of nonassociative rings”, The Alligarh Bull. of Maths., vol. 14 (1992–93),39-42.
[2] Herstein, I.N. “Power maps in rings”, Mirchigan Math. J.”, 8 (1960), 29–32.
[3] Herstein, I.N.“Topics in Ring theory”, Univ. of Chicago press, London (1969).
[4] Khan, M.S.S.“A note on commutativity of nonassociative rings”, Internal. J. Math & Math. Sci., 23 (3) (2000), 223–224.
[5] K. Madhusudhan Reddy, Nonassociative rings with some Jordan product identities in the center, Research J. Pharm. and Tech.(2016)
2319 – 2321 9(12).
[6] K. Madhusudhan Reddy Commutativity of nonassociative rings with identities in the center, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and
Engineering 263 (2017),
[7] K. Madhusudhan Reddy Alternative rings with some Lie and Jordan product identities in the center, International Journal of Pure and
Applied Mathematics, Volume 116 No. 24 2017, 559-566.
[8] Posner, E.C.“Derivations in prime rings”, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 8 (1957), 1093–1100.
[9] Quadri, M.A., Khan, M.A. and Ashraf, M.“Some elementary theorems for rings”, Math. Stud., 56 (1988) 223–226.
[10] RamAwtar.“A remark on the commutativity of certain rings”, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 41 (1973), 370–372.
[11] RamAwtar. “On the commutativity of nonassociative rings”, Publicationes Mathematicae, 22 (1975) 177–185.
[12] Yuanchun, G “Some commutativity theorems of rings”, Acta. Sci. Natur. Univ. Jilin., 3 (1998), 11–18.

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