Grade 08

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Chapter Notes
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 Class Notes
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Force and Pressure
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Grade 08
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100
105
 Topics to be Covered

1 Understanding Force
1.1 Push and Pull
1.2 Force as an Interaction
between Bodies

2 Types of Force
2.1 Contact Force
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2.2 Non-contact Force
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3 Effects of Force
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4 Net Force
4.1 Finding Net Force
4.2 Balanced and
Unbalanced Forces

5 Pressure
5.1 Pressure
5.2 Liquid Pressure
5.3 Gaseous and Atmospheric
Pressure

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 Mind Map

Muscular Frictional Magnetic Gravitational

Force Force Force Force

Electrostatic
Force
Contact Non-contact
Force Force

Atmospheric
Pressure
'S Force as
Push or
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Force and Pressure Pull
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Liquid
Pressure

Pressure Effects of Change in

Force Shape
Force
Pressure =
Area
Change in
Direction
Change in
State of Rest
or Motion
Change in
Speed

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 Force

Pull Push

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A force is a push or pull acting on an object.
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Examples of pushing force:
• Pushing a trolley
• Force on keys while typing
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• Inserting a plug in a socket

Examples of pulling force:

• Opening curtains
• Drawing water from a well
• Opening a drawer

• The SI unit of force is newton (N).

• At least two objects must interact for a force to come into

play. For example, to push a trolley, a person has to
interact with the trolley.

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 Types of Force
Forces are broadly classified into two types: Contact forces
and Non-contact forces.

Contact Forces
A force which requires physical contact between bodies and
cannot act from a distance is called a contact force.​

Friction

Muscular Force
'S Frictional Force
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Muscular force is the Friction a force that opposes
force exerted by the action slipping or relative motion
of muscles.
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between surfaces in contact.

Non-contact Forces
A force which can be exerted from a distance without any
physical contact is called a non-contact force.

Gravitational Force
Gravitational force is an attractive force that exists
between any two bodies having mass. 104
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 Magnetic Force Electrostatic Force

Magnetic force is the Electrostatic force is

force exerted by a magnet a force due to electric
on another magnet charge particles at
or magnetic material. rest.

It can be attractive or It can be attractive or

repulsive in nature. 'S repulsive in nature.
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Effects of Force

Change in
Change in Change Change in
state of rest
speed in direction shape
or motion

Examples -
Change in state of rest or motion – A fielder catching a ball
Change in speed – A car slowing down on application of brakes
Change in direction – A car taking a U turn
Change in shape – Kneading dough

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 Net Force

+ =
Net force: Sum of the two applied forces

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=
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+
Net force: Difference between the two applied forces

Balanced Forces Unbalanced Forces

Net force = 0 Net force ≠ 0

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 Pressure

• Pressure is defined as perpendicular force acting on a unit area.

• SI Unit → pascal (Pa) Formula

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
• 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 =
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

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Liquid Pressure
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Just like solids, liquids also exert pressure. Following are the
properties of liquid pressure:

Acts on the walls of Equal at the same Increases with

the container depth depth

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 Gaseous Pressure

Gases also exert pressure. For example: a

balloon bursts when we blow excess air into
it.

Atmospheric Pressure

• The gaseous envelope which surrounds the earth is known

•
as the atmosphere.
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The weight of the air column over a unit area of Earth’s
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surface is known as atmospheric pressure.
• Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
• Generally, atmospheric pressure is measured in atm.
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1 atm = 105 Pa

A straw uses atmospheric

pressure for its working. One end
of the straw is dipped in the
liquid. When we suck at the other
end of the straw, air pressure
inside the straw reduces. But the
pressure on the free surface of
the liquid is equal to the
atmospheric pressure. This
difference in pressure pushes the
liquid up the straw.

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