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GED Science Physics (Work and Power)

The document provides information about work, power, and the six basic types of simple machines. It defines work, power, and efficiency. It then describes each type of simple machine - lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, and gears. It provides examples and illustrations of each.

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715 views18 pages

GED Science Physics (Work and Power)

The document provides information about work, power, and the six basic types of simple machines. It defines work, power, and efficiency. It then describes each type of simple machine - lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, and gears. It provides examples and illustrations of each.

Uploaded by

Mg Aike
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Test Preparation For GED Test

Physical science
Physics
Work , Power and Machine
May Oo Khaing
B.Sc (Hons: Physics)
M.Sc ( Physics)
Ph.D ( Nuclear Technology)
W = Fs cos (0)

W = Fs

W = Fs cos (30◦)

W = Fs cosѲ
W = work done W = Fs cos (90◦)
F = applied force
S = distance moved
Unit – joule (J)
Ѳ = angle between applied force and the distance
moved
Six basic types of simple machines
• A simple machine is a device that changes
the direction or magnitude of a force.
• A simple machine can be defined as a
mechanism that provides mechanical
advantage or leverage.
• In other words, simple machines make it
easier to do work.

• Examples of simple machines include levers,


pulleys, ramps, wedges, gears, and
chain/sprockets.

• More complex machines include such


examples as electric motors, heat engines,
pumps, compressors, and refrigerators.
Six basic types of simple machines
Efficiency
The efficiency of any machine is defined
as the ratio of output energy to input
energy:
𝑬 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕
Efficiency % = x 100
𝑬 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕

(No machine is perfectly efficient although some


simple machines come very close to achieving
100% efficiency.)
Six basic types of simple machines

Fixed pulley
A fixed pulley can make it easier to lift an
object. Although the same amount of
force is needed to lift an object with a
fixed single pulley as without the pulley,
giving it no mechanical advantage, certain
types of pulleys do produce a mechanical
advantage.
The more pulleys that are added to the system, the less force that is needed to move the
object. The mechanical advantage is increased because the force is distributed over the
length of the pulley ropes.
Double pulley Triple pulley Four-pulley
single pulley system system
system
Lever Wheel and axle
A lever produces a mechanical A wheel and axle assembly is formed by two
advantage by transferring an applied disks, or cylinders, of different diameters that
force over a distance and exerting an rotate together around the same axis. Forces
output force on an object (example: applied to the edges of the two disks, or
think of a crowbar). cylinders, provide mechanical advantage
(example: think of a steering wheel in a car or a
doorknob).
Inclined plane

An inclined plane produces a mechanical advantage by allowing a smaller


force to be applied to increase the vertical distance of an object (for
example, think of pushing a cart up a hill versus lifting it straight up).
Wedge
A wedge produces a mechanical advantage by concentrating force on a
small area (for example, think of an ax splitting a log).
Screw Gears
A screw, which is an inclined plane A gear set is another type of simple
wrapped around a cylinder, produces a machine, part of a whole class of simple
mechanical advantage by amplifying the machines converting one form of rotary
force applied. A small rotational force on motion into another forms of rotary
the shaft can exert a large force on the motion.
load (for example, think of a corkscrew).
Mechanical Advantage Calculation
Extra Practice-1 Extra Practice-2
A man does a push-up by applying a force, Which is an example of someone using a
which results in 0.50 J of work. If it takes 2 simple machine to do work?
seconds to do the push-up, what is his A. A boy runs across a football field.
power? B. A banker counts money.
A. 0.50 W C. A mother pushes a stroller up a ramp
B. 0.25 W into a building.
C. 1.25 W D. A girl eats a sandwich.
D. 0.025 W
Extra Practice-3 Extra Practice - 4
The power of a motor pump is 2 kW. How
Vivian is using a screwdriver to insert a
much water per minute can the pump raise
screw. The screwdriver functions
to a height of 10 m? (Under the influence
as a
of gravitational force, work = mass (m) ×
gravitational field strength (g) × height (h),
where
g = 10 ms–2.)
A. 1,200 kg
B. 1,200 g
C. 120 kg
D. 120 kg
Extra Practice-5 Extra Practice-6

A is an example of a wedge. What is the mechanical advantage of a


lever with an effort arm of 1 m and
a load arm of 20 cm?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 20
D. 100
Extra Practice-7
Cassie uses a ramp to load a heavy box from the street into a truck.
The bed of the truck is 1.26 m above the street. If the ramp is 5.3 m
long, what is the mechanical advantage of the ramp (ignoring
friction)? Round your answer to the nearest tenth:
……………………………………..

Extra Practice-8
Which phrase best describes the principle involved in using an
inclined plane?
A. greater force, shorter distance
B. greater force, longer distance
C. less force, shorter distance
D. less force, longer distance
Wishing you to

With high marks

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