[This question paper contains 4 printed pages.] |. No. of Question Paper 4794 E » Dnique Paper Code : 32221602 Name of the Paper Statistical Mechanics Name of the Course : BSc, (Hons) Physies Semester : VW Duration : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75 Instructions for Candidates Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper. 2. Attempt five questions in all. 3. Question No. 1 is compulsory. 4, All questions carry equal marks. j¢ calculators are allowed. © 5. Non- programmable Sei 1. Attempt any five of the following: i i ci of mass (a) Draw a phase space for a one-dimensional classical linear harmonic oscillator of mas Calculate the total number of mhaving total energy E = p?/2m + mex" / ae inicrostates available to it, ifthe energy of a harmonic oseillator Ties berween 0 S08 (6) Discusswhether law of equiparttion of energy can be applied fe the following systems or not: P.T.O. Your Roll No2 0068.56 4009,4794 v ( classical harmonic oscillators (i) gas consisting of free particles moving non- relativistically (iii) nucleons in a nucleus. (c) Assume a system of N bosons, each of mass m, is confined to a one-dimensional box of length L at temperature T = 0 K. The energy levels of the system are given by F, of the = n?h2/(8mL2), where n= 1, 2,... and his Planck's constant, Find the total ener} system in terms of N, L, and h nstein gas and (@) Plot the variation of specific heat with temperature for ideal Bose: explain s behavior in the strongly degenerate and classical regions. (e) For Silver atom, with one electron per atom at room temperature, the number density n= 5.86% 100, Find the nature of the degeneracy of the system under considersti0n ji er of (®) A cubical cavity of side 1m is filled with black body radiation. Calculate the number independent standing waves with wavelengths in the range 8.0 mm and 9 0 mm (g) Calculate the normal radiation pressure generated by an incandescent bull a distance of Im sist of N (a) Using the partition function of classical ideal monoatomie £38 € particles at fixed temperature Tin volume V: Z(,V.T) = C : ' y how that the entropy Derive the Sackur-Tetrode relation assuming N>>1. Show" the Sackur- Tetrode equation is an extensive parameter:4794 5 (b) A partition divides a box into two chambers 1 and 2, each of volume V7. Assume that chamber 1 and 2 chamber contain the same ideal gas consisting of 2Nparticlesand particles respectively attemperature T. Using the Sackur-Tetrode relation, calculate the entropy of mixing after the partition is removed and the contents are allowed to mix to reach at equilibrium (Assume that the temperature remain constant throughout the process). (8, 7) 3. (a) Consider an isolated paramagnetic salt consisting of dipoles of magnetic moment plocated in an external magnetic field B. Out of these N dipoles, » dipoles are parallel to B and rest are anti-parallel. Show that the total energy £, the entropy S and the absolute temperature T of the system are given respectively as * @ E = (N-2n) 0B (5 = — Nkg [xin @) + A=) n= Dhwhere x= n/N (iii) 1/7 = [ke/2 ¥B] In (n/(N-n)) (b) A system consists of 12 jdentical butdistinguishable particles which can occupy non degenerate energy levels. Initially, the system is in the macrostate which is defined by (6,3,2,1) particles in the enersy levels (0,¢, 36,58): umber of microstates and entropy of the system in 1S initial state. (i) Calculate the m entioned system such that only energy is added to the abov' from the ground level (zero energy) (0 Fist © ostate.Henee, find the (i) Ifa small amount of sha ‘one particle is raised + of microstates available in this final mi from initial to final state. (8, 7) calculate the numbe change of entropy when system under 4. (a) Consider erate non-ri ic gas of electrons in3 ~dimensions. i ely degenerate non ie 8 ider a completely 4 : =n , ae h ons for average energy Per par icle, Fermi velocity and Fermi pressure. tain the expressi P.T.O.4 ing of helium gas of mass a white dwarf star: a sphere consi jder the model of T of the order of 10°K. of p= 10! kg mr? and temperature M = 10° &g at a density -arf star. (Given: ma: nature of electron gas inside a white dw : (8, 7) Using these data. find the kg) kg, mass of electron = 10> iven temperature (U) and (S) entropy ati gas. internal ene 5. (a) Prove that for photon Tare related by the following relation: TS=4U in the superfluid properties of liquid 4//e? oes Bose-Einstein condensation explai (10.5) (b) How 4 _.. oscillators having Hed with Nj, Ny. Nz 6. @) A blackbody cavity at temperature Tis fl e total number of oscillators and respectively. Calculate th energies 0. hv. 2hv, Planck’s constant tends to zero, what determine average energy of the oscillators. If ‘would be the effect on the average energy of the oscillators? > (b) Calculate the average energy of a Planck oscillator, vibrating with frequency 3 = 10" He at 2000 K. Compare it with a classical oscillator. (10,5) Constants: k, = 138 x 10733 jK-* m, = 911 X 10kg h = 6.626% 107 Js 3% 10° ms~* © o = S67 x 10° J m= (2000)