Elements of art are stylistic features or visual components of art that are included

within an artwork to help the artist communicate. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elements_of_art)

The seven most common elements include:

Line, shape, form, texture, space, colour and value(tone).

Line is defined as a point moving in space.

it is one of the most important elements of art,
becasue everything starts and ends with a dot
in space. ( https://yourartpath.com/types-of-line-in-art-meaning)
The artist Paul Klee said the a line is like a dot
that went for a walk. Paul Klee used line in his
artworks. Let us have a look at some of his
work to learn how to describe line in art.

"A
th l
at ine i
we s a
wa nt f dot
Pa lk
ul ." or a
Kle
e

Who was Paul Klee?

He was a Swiss-born painter, printmaker and

Image A: (above) draughtsman of German nationality.
Self-Portrait He was associated with the German Expres-
Paul Klee sionist group Der Blaue Reiter, and he aught
accessed from: https://www.wikiart.org/en/paul-klee
at the Bauhaus, the influential German art
school.
His paintings are described as fantastic,
childlike and playful. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/klee-
1 paul/
 Answer the following questions to test your understanding.

Write the answers below.

1.1 Define the term (phrase) elements of art. (2)

https://za.pinterest.com/pin/1829656087165479/
_____________________________________________________________________________

We can look at artworks and then use describing _____________________________________________________________________________

words to explain the use of line in an arwork.
Have a look at some of the words above. Which 1.2 List seven elements of art. (7)
words would you use to describe the line use in
the self portrait of Paul Klee (left)? _____________________________________________________________________________
Would you agree that the lines are dark and bold?
Some of the lines are thicker and some of the lines _____________________________________________________________________________
are thin. The lines are also broken and dashed.
We often call these line hatched. 1.3 Define the term line. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________
Image B: (right)
_____________________________________________________________________________
Title: Howling Dog
Artist: Paul Klee
Moon
1.4 How did the artist Paul Klee describe line? Quote. (1)
Date: 1928
Media: Oil paint on canvas
https://collections.artsmia.org/art/1318/howling-dog-paul-klee _____________________________________________________________________________

The artwork on the right can be described _____________________________________________________________________________

as abstract a ( becasue it doesn’t look very
realistic). It is a painting of a dog howling Dog 1.5 Who was Paul Klee? ( Write down two facts) (2)
athe a moon.
The lines that Klee used as continous lines. _____________________________________________________________________________
they are long, twisted and connected.
What other words would you use to de- _____________________________________________________________________________
scribe the lines that Paul Klee used in the
arwtok the howling dog? _____________________________________________________________________________
Image C: (right)
Title: Insula Dulcamara _____________________________________________________________________________
Date: 1938
Media: Oil paint on newsprint 1.6 Use some describing words to discuss the use of line in Paul Klee’s artwork the Howling
Artist: Paul Klee. dog. (2)
VCG Wilson/Corbis Historical/Getty Images, accessed from
https://www.thoughtco.com/paul-klee-biography-4156407
_____________________________________________________________________________
This painting consists of wide black lines
which represent coastlines, the head is _____________________________________________________________________________
an idol. There is a boat sailing on the
horizon. The painting alludes to Greek 3
mythology and the passage of time.
2
 Contour lines Expressive lines
Lines that are used to define the shape or form Lines can be added to an artwork using a range
of an object or to show key details are called of different media such as pencil, charcoal, oil
outlines or contour lines. These lines are also paint and watercolour. These different media
called outilnes. They often look continuous, will give the lines a different quality, they may be
almost like they are joined together. thicker or thinner, bold or smudged.
The drawing of the shoes is made using The way lines are created can be used to
contonuous contour lines. The lines create the express emotions and to create mood. The bold
basic details or outlines of the shoes. lines. They also clearly express the artists
https://sites.google.com/a/apps.district196.org/mrs-constine-s-online-art/home/contour-drawing technique. It is easy to imagine the movement of
his brushes and the energy he put into his work.
Image D: (left) These expressive lines create a dynamic and
Title: The Scream energetic effect.
Artist: Edvard Munch,
Date: 1895 Image F: (left)
Media: Lithograph, print Title: Untitled
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3pp3k7/revision/6 Artist: Agnes Cecile
Contour lines Media: Paint
https://mymodernmet.com/agnes-cecile-dripping-paint-
portraits/
If you look at the artwork by Edvard Munch, the
Image F: (left)
Scream, you will notice it is made up of many dif-
Title: In trouble she will
ferent types of lines. These lines are continuous
Artist: Agnes Cecile
contour lines, they fill the page by creating outlines
Media: Paint
and main details of the objects. There is only a https://mymodernmet.com/agnes-cecile-dripping-paint-
small portion of flat tone. portraits/

Contour lines show the figure and its expression Expressive lines
as well as outlining the bridge, the land, water and
sky. If you look at these two artowrks, the emotional
There is no tone or shading so actual lines are also effect is emphasized by the use of energetic,
used to show the texture of the wooden bridge and expressive lines. The emotion is further
to suggest clouds, hills and waves. emphasized by adding more lines near to the
eyes to create a dramatic effect.

Do you think that changing the colour of the art-

wro will add more emotional value?
Descriptive lines
These lines tell us more about a subject
by adding details to the artwork.. They Emotional Value and Colour
help make a shape look more like a three-
dimensional object by showing light, shade Do you think that changing the colour of the artwro will add more emotional value? Imagine if
and texture. Light and shade is created Image F was blue, instead of black. How would the viewer read the colour information differently?
using hatched and cross-hatched lines. ... We associate colours with certain emotions or moods. For example, blue represents somehting
Thin lines are used to create the detail of the cold, distant, depressed and sad. Therefore, if we sue blue, the artwork would have a different
rhino’s features. symbolic meaning. What emotions and moods are associated with the colour red?
Thin contour lines show the overall form and
the outline of sections of the armour. More
Image E: (above)
detailed lines that are close together, com-
Title: The Rhinocerous
bine to show hard ridges, spikey hair and
Artist: Albrecht Durer
areas of smooth and rough texture.
ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros Date: 1515
4 Media: Woodcut print 5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros
Reflection Questions
Answer the following questions to test your understanding.

2.1 Define the term Contour line (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
Subject Matter
2.2 Describe or explain what descriptive lines are. (2)
Subject matter refers to what the art work is about. It is
the visual or narrative focus of the work. it is the theme
_____________________________________________________________________________
of the artwork. In some cases the title might give you a
clue. For example, in a self-portrait the subject matter is
_____________________________________________________________________________
you, or the artist who made the artwork.
_____________________________________________________________________________ Subject Matter
If you look at the artwork to the left, you will notice that Image G ( above )
2.3 Describe how Albrecht Durer uses descriptive lines in his artwork the Rhinocerous. (2) the title is You and Me, this gives a clue that the artwork Title:You and Me
is about a couple. Artist: Dimitri Spiros
_____________________________________________________________________________ If we look at the visual clues, we see a couple walking Media: OIl Paint on canvas
https://za.pinterest.com/pin/393431717430660439/
down the street in the rain. The subject matter is the
_____________________________________________________________________________ theme of the artwork, in this case it is the couple
walking in the rain.
_____________________________________________________________________________

2.4 Explain what expressive lines are. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

2.5 Describe how Agnes Cecile uses expressive lines in her artworks. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________ Image H ( left)

Title:Emphasis using colour
http://schs-art.weebly.com/emphasis.html
_____________________________________________________________________________
A focal point is that area of a picture that attracts the eye. For example, in the painting in Image
_____________________________________________________________________________ G, the focal point is the couple walking with the umbrella. The artist has used a bright red colour
to make the couple stand out against the mostly blue and yellow rainy background. The couple
2.6 Explain how colour changes the meaning of artworks. (2) are also place at the centre of the artwork. Usually our eye tends to be drawn to the centre of the
artwork first. This further emphasisez the couple as the focal point. When selecting a focal point
_____________________________________________________________________________ always provide a reason for your answer. For example, in the picture of the umbrellas the yellow
umbrella is the focal point. This is because the bright yellow colour stands out and catches the
_____________________________________________________________________________ attention of the viewer. The yellow umbrella is further emphasized because it is in the centre, it is
bigger than the other items and it is the only item of colour. Always give as much detail as possi-
_____________________________________________________________________________ ble when describing a focal point.
6 7
Reflection Questions
Answer the following questions to test your understanding.

3.1 Explain the term subject matter. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________ Shape in art is a flat two-dimensional area that has

an edge or outline. We use shape to create artworks.
_____________________________________________________________________________ We can use Organic shapes, which are shapes that
are irregular. They are natural and associated with
3.2 Explain the term focal point. . (2) life or nature.
Our basic shapes are called Geometric shapes. for
_____________________________________________________________________________ example a triangle, square and circle.
https://www.virtualartacademy.com/shape-in-art/
_____________________________________________________________________________ https://www.dafideff.com/2018/05/visual-element-of-graphic-
design-shape.html

_____________________________________________________________________________ Form in art is a three -dimensional area of that

has no outline. It has height, shape and width.
3.3 What is the subject matter in Paul Klee’s artwork, Howling Dog, Image B, page 2? (2) In an artwork it is the illusion of volume on a flat
page.
_____________________________________________________________________________
When we add tonal value and dimansion to
_____________________________________________________________________________ shapes they appear 3-dimensional instead of 2-di-
mensional.
_____________________________________________________________________________ See the sphere below has a variety of tones and
highlights ke a gradient of tone from light to dark,
3.4 What is the focal point in the artwork by Paul Klee’s artwork, Howling Dog? Expalin as well as a drop shadow., li his makes it look
by giving two reasons for your answer. (3) 3-dimensional instead of flat.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
3.5 Task: Create a Contour draing of your face.

Step1: Print out a picture of your face. Try to create a contour drawing of your face on an A4
Page in your visual diary or sketchbook. See Example below. (10)

https://seven-elements-of-art.trubox.ca/form/

The highlight is the area where light is hitting

the object directly.

The midtone is the middle value of the local

color of the object. https://thevirtualinstructor.com/form.html

The cast shadow is the area(s) that is

https://drawing-with-lena.tumblr.com/post/166060939440/lesson-five-contours-art-like-morality
shaded on surrounding objects and surfaces
8 because of blocked light. 9
 Reflection Questions
Image I( left) Answer the following questions to test your understanding.
Title:Spanish Cubist
Artist: Pablo Picasso 4.1 Define the term shape. (2)
Media: OIl Paint on canvas
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.
php?title=3dq-what-do-you-know-about-cubism _____________________________________________________________________________

Pablo Ruiz Picasso _____________________________________________________________________________

(25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973)
He was a Spanish painter, sculp- 4.2 Explain the term form. . (2)
tor, printmaker, ceramicist and
theatre designer who spent most _____________________________________________________________________________
of his adult life in France.
_____________________________________________________________________________
He was regarded as one of the most influential artists of
the 20th century. He is known for co-founding the Cubist
_____________________________________________________________________________
movement, for the invention of constructed sculpture and

the co-invention of collage. He is also known for the wide
4.3 What is the difference between shape and form? (4)
variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Cubism Defined: As the name hints, Cubism involves
the use of geometric shapes and patterns to represent a _____________________________________________________________________________
specific form. It was not only cubes, but other shapes thet
were used. _____________________________________________________________________________
The Cubist painters rejected the idea that art should copy
nature. This they did not paint in the realistic manner of _____________________________________________________________________________
that was expected of artists at the time.
This was done by breaking a picture down into its _____________________________________________________________________________
geometric components; almost as if reducing its essence
to a series of lines and angles. Their objects appeared 3.4 How does an artist create form? (3)
flat or 2-dimensional.
In order to achieve more depth, many artists such as _____________________________________________________________________________
Picasso would paint these cubes and shapes from
multiple perspectives or viewpoints. For example you _____________________________________________________________________________
may see the front view and side views of the face at the
same time. _____________________________________________________________________________
In the artwork the spanish cubist, Picasso painted geo-
metric and organic shapes that seem to overlap each 3.5 What is Cubism? (3)
other. He paints the objects from different angles, for ex-
ample the chair appears to be depicted from the front and _____________________________________________________________________________
Image J ( above) the top view at the same time. The head and face of the
Title:Girl with a Mandolin person on the chair also have more than one viewpoint or _____________________________________________________________________________
Artist: Pablo Picasso angle. I seems like the person is facing the side and the
Media: OIl Paint on canvas front at the same time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
10 11
Task: Research task
Research Cubism.
RUBRIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: MUSIC THEMED CUBISM ARTWORK.
Choose one Cubist Artist other than Picasso and find at least two artworks created in the cubist
style. Criteria (8 - 10) (5 - 7) (2 - 4) (0 – 1) Mark
Illustration / Artwork Drawing
For the artist write down the following information:
Name of Artist (2) Creativity Excellent, Good, Fair creativity, Fair creativity,
Biographical Information ( have a look at the information about Picasso and find similar creativity, creativity, some use of very little use
information about the artist you select. (5)
lovely use of good use of patterns/ of patterns/
interesting interesting shapes. shapes.
For each artwork find the following information:
Title of the artwork. (2) patterns/ patterns/
Media used: eg oil paint (2) shapes. shapes.
Date created. (2) Drawing Highly Accurate, Recognizable, Unrecognizabl
Describe the artworks subject matter in two sentences. (4) techniques accurate, clear and little too no e, inaccurate.
clear and detailed. detail. Average Poor use of
Print out the images and then create an A3 Poster using your information and the images. detailed. Good use of use of texture. texture.
Excellent use texture.
Task: PAT TASK of texture.
Research Cubism. Have a look at musically themed cubist artworks. Composition Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
https://createartwithme.com/cubism-art-lesson/cubism-guitar10/ of space, space, space. Attempt space.
filled the partially filled has been Drawing is too
space on the space on made to fill the small.
page. page. page.
Design Great, well Good, some Fair, little Poor, little or
thought out consideration consideration no
design of of design of of design of consideration
music music music of design of
instruments instruments instruments music
and other and other and other instruments
elements. elements. elements. and other
elements.
Finished work Complete Complete Partially Illustration/
illustration / illustration/ complete artwork not
artwork, artwork, illustration/ complete or
highly aesthetically artwork, fairly aesthetically
Task: PAT TASK aesthetically appealing. aesthetically appealing.
Draw two to three musical instruments. Cut them out and arrange them in a collage format from
appealing. appealing.
various angels. Trace your final outlines onto an A3 mixed media paper. Find some interesting
textured paper to add to the surface, or background areas of your artwork. Use of medium Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
Stick the paper in the negative spaces. Colour and shade the remaining objects on the canvas / media selected selected selected selected
usig your choice of colour markers, pencil crayons, pastels etc. Outline the objects to make them medium. medium. medium.. medium.
look more two dimensional. Total: 60

12 13 Total: 60
 Tonal Value refers to the degree of light and dark in
an artwork. Forms do not have outlines, but are defined RUBRIC ASSESSMENT: TONAL DRAWING
by light. When adding tone to an artwork it appears Criteria (8 - 10) (5 - 7) (2 - 4) (0 – 1) Mark
more 3 dimensional.
Illustration / Artwork Drawing
Maurits Cornelis Escher
(17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972) Drawing Highly Accurate, Recognizable, Unrecognizabl
He was a Dutch graphic artist techniques accurate, clear and little too no e, inaccurate.
who made mathematically clear and detailed. detail.
(10)
inspired woodcuts, lithographs detailed..
and mezzotints. Composition Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
Escher creates the illusion of form on
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._C._Escher of space, space, space. Attempt space.
a 2-dimensional page by adding tonal Image K ( below ) filled the partially filled has been Drawing is too
(10)
value to his artwork. Title: Hand with a Reflecting space on the space on made to fill the small.
He does this by using a variety of Sphere page. page. page.
tones and highlights in his artwork. Artist: MC Escher Tonal Variation Excellent Good, some Fair, little use Poor, little or
If you look Carefully he also does not Date: 1935 tonal use of tonal of tonal no use of tonal
Print, and texture
outline the objects as this would make variation and variation and variation and variation and
them look flat. The other thing that you (10)
use of implied use of implied use of implied use of implied
will notice is that there are drop https://www.theguardian.com/artand-
design/2015/jun/20/the-impossible- texture. texture. texture. texture.
shadows under or next to the objects world-of-mc-escher
to create the illusion that they are Use of medium Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
raised off of the surface of the page. / media selected selected selected selected
medium. medium. medium.. medium.
Task: PAT TASK (10)
Have a look at the drawing of the
Aesthetic Lovely work. Aesthetically Fairly Not
forms below. Redraw the forms on an
A4 page in your visual diary or sketch (10) Extremely pleasing. aesthetically aesthetically
book. aesthetically pleasing. pleasing.
Add tonal value using pencil or pleasing.
charcoal. Total: 50

Some helpful hints: Percentage

1. Avoid dark outlnes, this will make

your artwork look flat.
2. Blend the pencil neatly, and observe the details of the shadows in the foreground and
background carefully.
3. Fill the page with a
basic outline before Reflection Questions
adding tone so that Answer the following questions to test your understanding.
you can ensure to filll
the entire page. 5.1 Define the term tonal value (2)

See the rubric on the _____________________________________________________________________________

next page.
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

15
14
 What Is Color in Art?

When light waves strike an object and reflect back to

the optic nerve in a human’s eyes, the sensation they
perceive is called color. In works of art, artists use
color to depict and describe the subject.

Primary Colours:
It means “first”. With pigments, it means that colours
that are primary cannot be made from another colour,
thus they are “first”. The 3 primary colours are red,
yellow and blue.
5.2 Who was Escher. Discuss three facts. (3)
Secondary Colours:
_____________________________________________________________________________ A secondary colour is a colour made by mixing of two
primary colour For example green, as a pigment, CAN be
_____________________________________________________________________________ made by mixing blue and yellow. Therefore, green cannot
be called a primary and is called a secondary colour.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Complimentary colours: are colours that are opposite
_____________________________________________________________________________ on the colour wheel. When placed next to each other,
they create the strongest contrast for those two colours.
_____________________________________________________________________________ Complementary colours may also be called “opposite
colours”. Examples of complementary colour
_____________________________________________________________________________ combinations are: Red and green; yellow and purple;
orange and blue; green and magenta.
5.3 Explain how Escher creates the illusion of form in his artworks.Mention 3 ways. (3)
Tints: are colours mixed with white. When we mix a colour with black and white and only
_____________________________________________________________________________ use that colour in an artwork it is called Monochromatic.
Shades: are colours mixed with black.
_____________________________________________________________________________ Monochromatic colour scheme: this is when we use
one hue of colour and mix it with black and white to
_____________________________________________________________________________ created tints and shades. The artwork with the trees
alongside is created using hues of blue. Mono means
_____________________________________________________________________________ one, therefore monochromatic means one hue

_____________________________________________________________________________ Image L (left)

Title:Evergreen Trees
_____________________________________________________________________________ Artist: KitsuneKage13 on DeviantArt

_____________________________________________________________________________
Polychromatic colour scheme: this is when we use
5.4 Other than tone, name another element of art that Escher used to make hia artwork seem more than hue of colour.
realistic. Explain your answer by reffering to one of his artworks. (3)
The artwork with DC Spring, sunset above is polychro-
_____________________________________________________________________________ matic. It has many colours or hues. This artwork is a
recreation print of an i
_____________________________________________________________________________ mpressionist painting.
Image M ( above )
_____________________________________________________________________________ Title: DC Spring sunset print,
Artist: Karen Tarlton
_____________________________________________________________________________ https://www.karensfineart.net/listing/965998883/dc-spring
14 15 -sunset-print-tidal-basin-ar
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Impressionism-Word-Wall-4012339

Oscar-Claude Monet

He was a French painter and the

founder of impressionist painting . .
Born: 14 November 1840,
Died: 5 December 1926, Giverny,
France
https://myhero.com/C_Monet_dnhs_ky_US_2017_ul
Image M ( above) Vincent van Gogh
Image N ( left) Title: Starry Night
Title: Impression Sunrise Artist: Vincent van Gogh He was known for pioneering a pioneering Post-Impressionist
Artist: Claude Monet Media: OIl Paint on canvas and he played a key role in the evolution of modern art. One
Media: OIl Paint on canvas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Starry_Night pf his many world-famous paintings is called the Starry Night
https://myhero.com/C_Monet_dnhs_ky_US_2017_ul (1889),

With swirling brushstrokes, Van Gogh created a revolutionary

oil painting of the night sky. Pops of vibrant yellow stars pierce
through the deep blue sky, which is shown blanketing a village.
Impressionism Defined: The village itself is important because it alludes to where this
Impressionism is a style of painting that was pioneered by Claude Monet. He was one of the troubled genius was located when he painted the masterpiece.
founders of the movement that came to be known as “Impressionism.” The name was invented The painter’s well-known mental health issues have a large
by a critic after viewing Monet’s painting, Impression, Sunrise. role in his creative output and The Starry Night is no different.
In fact, the village is based on the view from his window in a
Impressionism: was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet vis- mental asylum in Southern France.
ible brush strokes. https://www.sothebys.com/en/art-movements/post-impressionism

The artists emphasised (focused on) the depiction of light in its changing qualities. They often
Other Post Impressionist artists include:Paul Gauguin,
painted the effects of light over a passage of time, in other words they would paint a landscape
Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat
at various time of the day to show how the light on the landscape changed over time. They
depicted ordinary subject matter and often focused on the movement of objects. Impressionism
The differences between Impressionsim and
originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to
Post-Impressionism
prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
Other Impressionist artists include: Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Édouard Manet . Impressionism used thin visible brushstrokes, natural colour and depicted the qualities of
changin light in their artworks.
The arwork above uses warm and cool colours. Warm colurs are red, yellow and orange and Post-Impressionist artists use thick visible brushstrokes, and sometimes Impasto Paint. They
cool colours are blues and greens. Warm colour seem to stand out on the page while cool col- used vivid, unnatural colours unlike the natural colours of Impressionism.
ours seem to recede to wards the background.
17
16
 Task: PAT TASK
Research Post Impressionism. Have a look at landscapes painted in the Post - Impressionistic
style..

6.1 Define the following terms:

Monochromatic Colour scheme (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________
https://za.pinterest.com/ https://www.fizdi.com/a-rainy-day-land- https://canoeracing.org.uk/sprint/sunset-
_____________________________________________________________________________ pin/395402042284315087/ scape-painting-art_3319_73725-hand- and-swan-ww-39329418
painted-art-painting-36in-x-24in/

_____________________________________________________________________________
Task: PAT TASK
Polychromatic Colour scheme (2) Select one of the provided ladscapes to recreate. You may choose your own, but it must be a
lanscape without to much detail.. For example a sunset over some hills, or at the beach, etc.
_____________________________________________________________________________ If you choose your own one your teacher must approve of the choice before you begin the
artwork. You may also choose to combine the ideas and make your own original landscape.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Once you have selected the artwork / artwork that you want to recreate, then print it out and
_____________________________________________________________________________ paste it below. Prepare a a mixed media paper and oil pastels. Draw the artwork. ( Page / Can-
vas size A3).

6.2 Discuss the differences between Impressionism and Post Impressionism. (3) Paste a colour print of your selected artwork below.

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6.3 Name and describe one Impressionist artwork. (3)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

6.3 Name and describe one Post - Impressionist artwork. (3)

Title of Artwork:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Artist Name:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Accessed from: (15)
18
_____________________________________________________________________________
19
 RUBRIC ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
IMPRESSIONISTIC / POST-IMPRESSIONISTIC OIL PASTEL DRAWING
Criteria (8 - 10) (5 - 7) (2 - 4) (0 – 1) Mark
Illustration / Artwork Drawing

Drawing Highly Accurate, Recognizable, Unrecognizable,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RN4HIpDbdVw
accurate, clear and little too no inaccurate. Poor Image O ( right )
techniques
clear and detailed. detail. Average use of texture Title: Woman with Hat
detailed. Good use of use of texture and colour Artist: Henri Matisse
Media: OIl Paint on
Excellent use texture and and colour.
canvas
of texture and colour.
colour. Henri Matisse
31 December 1869
Composition Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
of space, space, space. Attempt space. Drawing He was a French
painter known for his vi-
filled the partially filled has been is too small.
brant use of colour and
space on the space on made to fill the
his Fauvist artworks.
page. page. page.
Fauvism: is the style of les Fauves (French for “the wild
Finished work Complete Complete Partially Illustration/ beasts”), a group of early 20th-century modern artists whose
illustration / illustration/ complete artwork not works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour .
artwork, artwork, illustration/ complete or They did not paint in the realistic manner of Impressionism.
highly aesthetically artwork, aesthetically While Fauvism as a style began around 1904 and continued beyond 1910, the movement as
aesthetically appealing. aesthetically appealing. such lasted only a few years, 1905–1908, and had three exhibitions. The leaders of the
appealing. appealing. movement were André Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck, and Matisse.
Matisse used pure colours and the white of exposed canvas to create a light-filled atmosphere
Use of medium Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of in his Fauve paintings. Rather than using modelling or shading to lend volume and structure to
his pictures, Matisse used contrasting areas of pure, colour. Have a look at the artwork Woman
/ media selected selected selected selected
with a hat on. How would you describe the colour palette that Matisse used? It is bright, vibrant,
medium. medium. medium. medium.
non-realistic or abstract. He applies his paint in a rough unblended manner.
The Fauvist artists used wild brushtrokes and became known as the “Wild Beasts” - Les Fauves
Total: 40

More Artworks to choose from:

Total: 40

7.1 Why were the Fauvist artists known as wild beasts? (2)
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

7.2 Describe Matisse’s use of colour in the artwork Woman with a Hat. (3)
https://www.karensfineart.net/list- https://canoeracing.org.uk/sprint/sunset-
ing/965998883/dc-spring -sunset-print- and-swan-ww-39329418
tidal-basin-ar _____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

https://za.pinterest.com/pin/393431717 _____________________________________________________________________________
20 21
 8.1 What is texture in art? (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

8.2 What is implied texture? Explain by Giving an example. (2)

https://insidetheoutline.com/texture/ _____________________________________________________________________________
What is texture in art?
Texture refers to how something feels, the surface quality of an object. _____________________________________________________________________________
Texture adds pattern and contrast and makes and artwork interesting and intriguing. Glass, wood,
rock and sand all have different textures, while words that we use to describe texture include _____________________________________________________________________________
things like rough, smooth, soft and glossy.
8.3 What is actual texture? Explain by Giving an example. (2)
Actual Texture
In three-dimensional artwork, (sculpture) the _____________________________________________________________________________
term refers to how the piece feels when it’s
touched. For Example the object to the right _____________________________________________________________________________
has an actual texture because if you pick it up
and hold it you can feel the texture. The fur _____________________________________________________________________________
covered cup, saucer, and spoon all look and feel
furry. Because the objects can be touched and Task: PAT TASK
felt, they are considered to have actual texture.
Choose one of the textured drawings of animals provided by your teacher. Redraw the animal as
accurately as you can. Observe the tonal value and texture. Use an A4 page and eiether
Implied Texture charcoal or pencil. FIll the page.
In paintings and other two-dimensional artwork, Image P ( above )
texture invokes the visual ‘feeling’ the piece Artist: Meret Oppenheim
gives off. Artists can use different methods to Object Paris, 1936, cup saucer
make their art appear soft, silky, rough or a spoon and fur
range of other textures, when in reality this may http://www.sophia.org/tutorials/elements-of-art-texture

not be the case. In the drawing of the elephants

the artist creates the illusion of texture by us-
ing techniques to make the elephant look rough
and wrinkly. The artist adds tonal value to add
dimension. The artist also uses lines that are
hatched and rough to enhance the feeling of
texture.v https://sibleyfineart.com/_blog/tag/ground-
squirrel/
Can you give other examples of implied and
actual texture?

____________________________________
Image Q ( above ) http://www.sibleyfineart.com/_blog/wp-
Artist: Unknown content/uploads/2015/06/DUVET.jpg
____________________________________
Elephant drawing https://za.pinterest.com/
https://za.pinterest.com/pin/449023025318900658/ pin/236650155394387277/
20 21
 Practical Task Tonal Textural Drawing
Rubric of assessment tonal / textural drawing animal

Criteria (8 - 10) (5 - 7) (2 - 4) (0 – 1) Mark

Proportions The objects The objects The objects The objects
are in are in are slightly in are not
proportion, proportion, proportion, and proportion, and
and the and the the spacing is the incorrect
spacing is spacing is somewhat spacing used.
Above Image sourced from:https://sfcommunityliving.org/event/lms-exploring-positive-negative-space-with-notans/
excellent. good. correct.
Composition Excellent use Good use of Fair use of Poor use of
of space filled space partially space. Attempt space.
SPACE IN ART
the space on filled the has been Drawing is too
Space refers to a feeling of depth or dimension in a work of art. It refer to the artist's use of the
page. space on made to fill the small.
area within the picture plane.
page. page.
There are three types of space
Media Use, Excellent Good tonal Fair tonal Poor tonal • Positive space – which refers to the actual object(s) in the artwork.
texture and tonal variation and variation and variation and • Negative space – which refers to the area around the object(s) in the artwork.
variation and use of pencil / use of pencil / use of pencil / • Deep space is the depth of space (background to foreground)
tonal value
use of pencil / charcoal charcoal charcoal
charcoal In the artwork Decalcomania, above, the positive
space is the curtain and the man. The negative
Finished work Complete Complete Partially Illustration/
space is the area around the man or the cutout area
illustration / illustration/ complete artwork not
of the man, in other words, the sky is the negative
artwork, artwork, illustration/ complete or space.
highly aesthetically artwork, fairly aesthetically Deep space is when we see the difference between
aesthetically appealing. aesthetically appealing. the background and the foreground. In other words
appealing. appealing. the ocean ( background) and man foreground cre-
Total: 40 ates the feeling of deep space, or depth of space.
The area around the primary objects in a work of art
Percentage is known as negative space, while the space
occupied by the primary objects is known as
positive space.
More Artworks to choose from:
Image R:(above)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=JHo-uZ_Zvdw
Title: Declomania The techniques an artist uses to create space
Artist: Rene Magritte
Date: 1966
Media: Oil Paint on Canvas • Size – changing the size of objects. This creates
depth, for example when one object is bigger than others
Image sourced from: https://njbiblio.com/2013/05/22/art- it appears closer to the viewer. This creates the feeling of
fo-the-day-52213-decalcomania-rene-magritte-1966/ space or depth.

The larger umbrella seems closer to us, the smaller ones

seem further away. This creates the feeling of depth. The
other umbrellas seem to be deeper or further away from
us. Creating the feeling of depth and space.

https://za.pinterest.com/ https://za.pinterest.com/
https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/how-
pin/464504149038247796/ pin/8725793019639188/ Image sourced from: http://schs-art.weebly.com/empha-
to-draw-a-lizard-pen-ink
22 sis.html 23
 9.1 What is space in art? (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Image sourced from: https://www.artquid.com/artwork/152777/poppy-red-poppy-emphasis-on-gray.html 9.2 Describe how Escher used tone to create the feeling of space or dimension in the artwork.
(2)
• Overlapping: when we place one object in front of another. The object that is overlapping the
others seems closer to us and the ones behind that seem further away. This can also be seen in
_____________________________________________________________________________
the examples of the umbrellas on the previous page and the roses above
_____________________________________________________________________________
• Color and value: The color and value of objects influence the feeling of space or depth in an
artwork. Warm or bright colours advance or move towards us. While cool and light colours seem
_____________________________________________________________________________
further away. This is why is works well to have lighter, cooler, colours in the background so that
they seem further away. This is also evident in the images of the umbrella. the lighter grey um-
9.3 Describe how Escher used overlapping and size to create the feeling of space or depth. (2)
brellas seem further away than the darker grey umbrellas.
_____________________________________________________________________________
• Perspective and vanishing points
create the illusion of space.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Vanishing point perspective is when you
_____________________________________________________________________________
create the illusion of three-dimensional
depth on a two-dimensional surface.
9.4 Describe how Escher used overlapping and size to create the feeling of space or depth. (2)
If you have a look at the image below
there appear to be space or depth on
_____________________________________________________________________________
the page because the road seems to
disappear into the background. This
_____________________________________________________________________________
makes it feel like there is space of depth
in the artwork.
image sourced from https://piaart.wordpress.com/grade-7/one-point-perspective/ _____________________________________________________________________________
Image S ( left)
9.5 Describe how Rene Magritte positive and negative space by referring to artwork
Title: Relativity,
Decalcomania. (2)
Artist: M. C. Escher
_____________________________________________________________________________
Date: 1953
Media: Woodcut print, later version Lithograph
_____________________________________________________________________________
Escher uses perspective, size, tone and overlapping
to create the illusion of space in the artwork above. _____________________________________________________________________________
Because the objects seem to disappear into
vanishing points on the page, they seem to go 9.6 Explain how using a vanishing point creates depth or space. (2)
deeper into the page, even though the page is flat.
This creates the feeling of depth. It makes things _____________________________________________________________________________
seem more three dimensional.
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
Image sourced from: Wikkipedia @ https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Relativity_%28M._C._Escher%29 24 25
 Asymmetrical or Informal Balance: the elements are not identical
on either side of the axis line, yet the overall feeling is still stable
(harder to achieve, but visually more interesting)

Elements of Art Influence on Balance

How do some of the elements of art effect visual balance? When
developing your composition, it is VERY important to remember
that the elements of art influence weight in visual balance.

Color:
https://design.tutsplus.com/articles/the-principles-of-design--cms-33962 • Light colors appear lighter in weight than dark colors. Black and white are the strongest contrast
you can have-Black is the heaviest color & white is the lightest color.
The principles of design are the rules a designer or artist must follow to create an effective and • Bright colors are visually heavier than dull colors.
attractive composition. The main principles of design are: Emphasis, Balance , Contrast, Pattern • Warm colors (Yellow, Orange, Red) visually expand an area in size, whereas cool colors (Blue,
or Repetition, Proportion and Movement or Rythym. Understanding and using these helps to Green Purple) tend to contract an area.
create a successful composition or page layout. • Transparent areas visually weigh less than opaque areas.

Balance in art is defined as the equal distribution of visual Shape: Shape size is VERY important to balance…
weight in a composition. All the elements (line, shape, • Individually-small shapes are light, larger shapes are heavier.
color, etc) in that composition look stable or have a feeling • A small shape next to a large shape will weigh less than the larger shape.
of balance (like one side is not heavier than the other). • Grouping a few small shapes together can have equal weight with one larger shape.
In 2D art, balance refers to how an artist develops a com- • Complex geometric shapes (hexagons, trapezoids, etc) weigh more than simple geometric
position through the arrangement or placement of objects shapes (circle, square, etc)
or elements on the picture plane.
Line: Light thin lines are lighter, rough thick lines are heavier
The artist places the elements or objects in a such way to Texture: light smooth textures weigh less than dark jagged (lots of pattern) textures
create a sense of equilibrium. He may intentionally create Value: lighter values weigh less than darker values on the value scale
an unbalanced piece to send a certain message as well.

A Central Axis Line is an imaginary line that divides the composition in half either vertically or
horizontally. Objects placed on either side of the axis line can either be repeated exactly the same
(Symmetry, Radial) or unequally but with equal visual weight (Asymmetrical).

The artist can create interest in a composition depending on how they choose to use balance.
Remembering always to incorporate or include the other principles of design (Emphasis, Harmony, 10.1 Define the term balance in art. (2)
Variety, Rhythm, etc) is the key to a successful composition.
_____________________________________________________________________________
There are 3 main types balance:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Symmetrical Balance: the elements (line, shape, color, etc.)
are identical or almost identical on both sides of the axis 10.2 What is a central axis line? (2)
(easiest balance to achieve and generally feels calmer and
more stable) _____________________________________________________________________________

Radial Balance: the elements radiate out from a central _____________________________________________________________________________

point. Elements are repeated evenly both vertically and hori-
zontally from the axis lines (generally a design is repeated in 10.3 List three types of balance.. (3)
circle 4+ times)
_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
26 27
10.4 Define each type of balance by giving examples (6)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

10.5 Discuss in detail how colour can be used to create balance. (2)

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
References Balance in art:
https://i0.wp.com/createartwithme.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Types-of-Balance-Header.jpg
https://www.google.com/search?q=balance+in+art&rlz=1C1GCEU_enZA905ZA905&hl=en&sxsrf=AJOqlzXFlyDFnn3UFRjDE0QtOM41cQ_-HQ:1
675521866590&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNqK-tjfz8AhUKTEEAHREgBqUQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=625&dpr=
1#imgrc=0HfaBfIJ0TYoTM
https://www.toptal.com/designers/gui/principles-of-design-infographic#:~:text=What%20are%20basic%20design%20principles,that%20make%20
sense%20to%20users.