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Geo UNIT II

The document discusses the structure of the Earth including its layers, composition, and boundaries. It covers the crust, mantle, core, lithosphere, discontinuities at Moho and Gutenberg, and differences between SIAL and SIMA. Questions are provided about each topic and explained in detail.

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arpitapanchal876
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20 views3 pages

Geo UNIT II

The document discusses the structure of the Earth including its layers, composition, and boundaries. It covers the crust, mantle, core, lithosphere, discontinuities at Moho and Gutenberg, and differences between SIAL and SIMA. Questions are provided about each topic and explained in detail.

Uploaded by

arpitapanchal876
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT II

CHAPTER 1

STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

I.ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BRIEFLY

1. what is geology ?

Geology is the study of the Earth. Through studying rocks,


geochemistry and geobiology, we can understand how the Earth has
changed through time.

2.what is lithosphere ? name two layers of lithosphere ?

The lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. It is made up of


the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle. The
lithosphere is the coolest and most rigid part of the Earth.

the crust and the uppermost mantle

3.what do you understand by mantle ?

The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle


lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer
layer, the crust.

4.what is the composition of the core of the earth ? why does it


occur in a semi molten state ?

the core is made almost entirely of metal—specifically, iron and


nickel. The shorthand used for the core's iron-nickel alloys is simply
the elements' chemical symbols—NiFe..

The high temperatures in this area is what makes the material to be


semimolten in nature. In the centre of the earth is a metal core that
is hot and dense,

5.what is core ? another name of core ?

The Earth's core is the part of Earth in the middle of our planet. It
has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The temperature of
the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C
near the inner core.

NiFe
6.state the composition of SIAL layer.

The uppermost layer of the crust is called the sial, consisting


of silicate and aluminium (Si = silicate, Al = aluminium). On average,
the thickness of the sial is till 25 km from the surface.

7.what is meant by mohorovic discontinuity ?

Mohorovičić discontinuity, boundary between the Earth's crust and


its mantle. The Moho lies at a depth of about 22 mi (35 km) below
continents and about 4.5 mi (7 km) beneath the oceanic crust

8.name the source of information about forces operating inside the


earth.

The study of seismic waves (using information about the arrival and
behavior of the waves, scientists can deduce a picture of the
different layers of the earth's interior) and materials that are thrown
by the volcanoes are main sources of information about the forces
operating inside the earth.

II. EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING TERMS.

1. crust

Crust” describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. Earth's


crust is generally divided into older, thicker continental crust and
younger, denser oceanic crust

2.core

Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of planet Earth.

3.mantle

The mantle is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle


lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer
layer, the crust.

4.nife

The innermost layer of the earth is core. This central mass mainly
made of nickel and iron and therefore is known as NIFE.
III. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING

1.SIAL and SIMA

Sial is composed of Silica and Aluminium. Sima is composed of


Silica and Magnesium. Sial forms the continents. Sima makes up the
ocean floor.

2.Crust and core.

The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. The core is the
innermost layer of the earth. Crust is about 60 km thick below high
mountains and just 5-10 km below the oceans. Core is about 7000
km in diameter.

3.guttenberg discontinuity and mohorovic discontinuity.

Moho Discontinuity is the boundary between crust and


mantle. Gutenberg Discontinuity is the boundary between mantle
and core. It is found at about 8 km beneath the oceans and about 32
km beneath the continents.

IV. GIVE GEOGRAPHICAL REASON .

1.the core of the earth is inaccessible part of the earth.

The core of the earth is the most inaccessible part of the earth
because it lies thousands of kilometers deep inside the earth.

2.temperature gradually starts increasing towards the interior of the


earth.

Due to enhancing density and pressure the temperature goes on


increasing gradually towards inside of the interior of the earth.

3. the inner core is in a solid state.

The inner core is solid because it is made of very dense, or heavy,


materials - like iron and nickel. Even though it is very hot, these
materials don't "melt" very easily, so they stay solid.

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