DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade.

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Opp. Art of Living, Udayapura, Kanakapura Main Road, Bangalore-560082.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Accredited by NBA, New Delhi

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY-II

IV Semester (18EEL47)
 VISION OF THE INSTITUTE
To strive at creating the institution a centre of highest calibre of learning, so as to create an
overall intellectual atmosphere with each deriving strength from the other to be the best of
engineers, scientists and mathematicians.
MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

 To serve its region, state, the nation and globally by preparing students to make
meaningful contributions in an increasing complex global society.
 To encourage, reflection on and evaluation of emerging needs and priorities with state of
art infrastructure.
 To support research and services establishing enhancements in technical, health,
economic, human and cultural development.
 To establish inter disciplinary centre of excellence.
 To increase the number of Doctorate holders to promote research culture on
campus.

QUALITY POLICY
“We, at “Dayananda Sagar Academy of Technology and Management” are committed to
continually improve and deliver competitive quality technical education to the at
most satisfaction of student, their parents and potential employer.”

OBJECTIVES & GOALS

1. Creating an academic environment to develop the younger generation and providing

quality professional engineering education at an affordable cost.
2. Create necessary infrastructure on a continuous basis the professional education with
the changing needs of society.
3. Optimum utilization of the infrastructure and resources to achieve excellence in
the engineering courses.
4. Monitor continuously the growth in technology parts of the world and address all aspects
of development of human resource (both from academic and supporting staff) and students to
be in tune with state of the art technology and engineering practices.
5. Facilitate greater Industry, Institute, and Interaction so as to empower the students
with practical knowledge.
6. Institute various quality assurance systems.
7. Adopting learning beyond curriculum process.
8. Initiate systems of learning which are based on enable students to acquire skills relevant
to their career.
9. To continuous monitor, asses evaluate the various academic programs adopting
outcome based education.
 Vision of the Department:

To impart quality education and to develop a supportive and collaborative learning

environment to meet the challenges by innovation and integration, consequently reflecting
effective progress of our students in making a real difference in their profession and society

Mission of the Department:

M1: To provide a student-centric learning environment that facilitates the students to

pursue their higher education.

M2: To motivate the students to work professionally in several fields through pedagogy
teaching and learning process.

M3: To help students in developing their overall professional competence and social
awareness by providing value-based and behavioural training programs.

M4: To impart a supportive ecosystem to cultivate the innovation, research, and

entrepreneurial culture in the faculty and students.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

PEO-1: Graduates will excel in their profession and career by applying the concepts of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering.

PEO-2: Graduates will have the potential to work in diverse sub domains of professional

field. PEO-3: Graduates will have the desire for higher education and lifelong learning.

PEO-4: Graduates will have fidelity regarding ethical and social responsibilities.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO):

PSO-1: Able to formulate, investigate the various problems in Power Systems, Power
Electronics, Control Systems, Electrical Machines and Drives for different application.

PSO-2: Able to inculcate the knowledge of sustainable technologies with modern tools.
 DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade.

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)

Opp. Art of Living, Udayapura, Kanakapura Main Road, Bangalore-560082.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

Subject: Electrical Machines Laboratory -2

Subject Code: 18EEL47

Course outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

CO 1: Test DC machines to determine their characteristics and also to control the speed of DC
motor.
CO 2: Pre-determine the performance characteristics of DC machines by conducting suitable
tests.
CO 3: Perform load test on single phase and three phase induction motor to assess its
performance.
CO 4: Conduct test on induction motor to pre-determine the performance characteristics.
CO 5: Conduct test on synchronous motor to draw the performance curves.

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO
PO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2
CO

CO 1 3 3 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 1

CO 2 3 3 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 1

CO 3 3 3 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 1

CO 4 3 3 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 1

CO 5 3 3 - - - - - - 3 2 - - 1 1
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY-II

Subject Code: 18EEL47 CIE Marks 40

Number of Practical Hours/Week (L: T: P) 0:2:2 Exam Hours: 03
Credits 02 SEE Marks 60

1. Load test on dc shunt motor to draw speed – torque and horse power – efficiency
characteristics.

2. Field Test on dc series machines.

3. Speed control of dc shunt motor by armature and field control.

4. Swinburne's Test on dc motor.

5. Retardation test on dc shunt motor.

6. Regenerative test on dc shunt machines.

7. Load test on three phase induction motor.

8. No load and Blocked rotor test on three phase induction motor to draw (i) equivalent circuit
and (ii) circle diagram. Determination of performance parameters at different load conditions
from (i) and (ii).

9. Load test on induction generator.

10. Load test on single phase induction motor to draw output versus torque, current, power and
efficiency characteristics.

11. Conduct suitable tests to draw the equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor and
determine performance parameters.

12. Conduct an experiment to draw V and Λ curves of synchronous motor at no load and load
conditions.

Additional Experiment (Content beyond Curriculum)

1. Speed control of 3-phase induction motor by varying rotor resistance.

 DO’s AND DON’Ts IN THE LAB

DO’S:-

1. Maintain dress code while inside the lab (with apron).

2. Students should carry observation notes and record completed in all aspects.
3. Correct specifications of the equipment have to be mentioned in the circuit diagram.
4. Student should be aware of operating equipment.
5. Students should be at their concerned experiment table, unnecessary movement is
restricted.
6. Student should follow the indent procedure to receive and deposit the equipment from the
Lab Store Room.
7. After completing the connections Students should verify the circuits by the Lab
Instructor.
8. The reading must be shown to the Lecturer In-Charge for verification.
9. Students must ensure that all switches are in the OFF position, all the connections are
removed.
10. All patch cords and stools should be placed at their original positions.

DON’Ts:-

1. Don’t come late to the Lab.

2. Don’t make or remove the connections with power ON.
3. Don’t switch ON the supply without getting it verified by the Staff Member.
4. Don’t switch OFF the machine with load.
5. Don’t leave the lab without the permission of the Lecturer In-Charge.
 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY -2

Subject Code: 18EEL47

CYCLE – I

1. Load test on dc shunt motor to draw speed – torque and horse power – efficiency
characteristics.

2. Speed control of dc shunt motor by armature and field control.

3. Regenerative test on dc shunt machines.

4. Load test on three phase induction motor.

5. Load test on induction generator.

6. Load test on single phase induction motor to draw output versus torque, current, power and
efficiency characteristics.

CYCLE – II

1. Swinburne's Test on dc motor.

2. Retardation test on dc shunt motor.

3. Field Test on dc series machines.

4. No load and Blocked rotor test on three phase induction motor to draw (i) equivalent circuit
and (ii) circle diagram. Determination of performance parameters at different load conditions
from (i) and (ii).

5. Conduct suitable tests to draw the equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor and
determine performance parameters.

6. Conduct an experiment to draw V and Λ curves of synchronous motor at no load and load
conditions.
CYCLE – III

1. Speed control of 3-phase induction motor by varying rotor resistance.

 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY -2

CONTENTS

1. Load test on dc shunt motor PAGE 1

2. Field Test on dc series machines. PAGE 4

3. Speed control of dc shunt motor PAGE 8

4. Swinburne's Test on dc motor PAGE 11

5. Retardation test on dc shunt motor PAGE 16

6. Regenerative test on dc shunt machines PAGE 20

7. Load test on three phase induction motor PAGE 24

8. No load and Blocked rotor test on three phase induction motor PAGE 27

9. Load test on induction generator PAGE 34

10. Load test on single phase induction motor PAGE 37

11. Equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor PAGE 40

12. V and Λ curves of synchronous motor PAGE 45

13. Speed control of 3-phase induction motor by varying rotor resistance. PAGE 48
Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

1. LOAD TEST ON A DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM:
To draw the performance characteristics of a DC shunt Motor by conducting load test on given
machine.
Name plate details:
DC Motor
Type
Output
Armature Voltage
Armature Current
Rated Speed
Excitation
Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-20 A M.C 1 No

3 Rheostat 290Ω, 2.8A Tubular 1 No

14Ω, 12A 1 No

4 Tachometer

Circuit Diagram:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 1

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Or

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the armature rheostat in cut in position & field rheostat in cut-out position. Close
the supply switch.
3. Bring the motor to the rated speed by cutting out the armature rheostat and by cutting in
the field rheostat.
4. Note down the no load readings of speed, current & voltage.
5. Load the machine in steps by tightening the belt & at each step note down the readings of
speed, current, voltage, S1 & S2 readings. Pour water into the brake drum at intervals to
cool it.
6. Load the motor up to the rated output value and note down all the meter readings.
7. Reduce the load to zero & bring back the rheostats to their initial positions and open the
supply switch.

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:

Sl V in I in S1 S2 N T= 9.81(S1-S2)r I/P=(V×I) O/P O/P

No Volt Amp Kg Kg Rpm N-M in watts =(2πNT/60) %η= ×100
I/P
in watt

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 2

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

T= 9.81(S1-S2)r N-M

Input = V×I in watts

2πNT
Output = in watt
60

Output
%η =  100
Input

GRAPH:

• Speed Vs Output Power

• Torque Vs Output Power

• % Efficiency Vs Output Power

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 3

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

2. Field test on DC series Machine.

AIM:
To determine the efficiency of a DC series Motor & Generator by conducting field test on the
series motor generator set.

Name plate details:

DC Motor DC Generator
Type Type
Output Output

Armature Voltage Armature Voltage

Armature Current Armature Current
Rated Speed Rated Speed
Excitation Excitation

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 3 No

0-30 V M.C 1 No
2 Ammeter 0-20 A M.C 2 No

0-2 A M.C 1 No

3 Rheostat 14Ω, 12A Tubular 1 No

4 Tachometer 1 No

5 Loading Rheostat 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 4

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

Or

Procedure:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the armature rheostat in cut in position & put some load on the generator before
switching on the supply.
3. Switch on the supply, Cut out rheostat completely to run the machine at a speed more
than its rated speed.
4. Vary the load resistance till the motor reads it’s rated current and at each step note down
the readings.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 5

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Procedure for finding armature & field resistance:

1) Rig up the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2) Keep the load switch in off position. Close the supply switch.
3) Apply the load in steps & at each step note down the readings of all the meters.
4) Reduce the load to Zero. Open the supply switch.
V
5) Calculate the resistance by using the expression RMeasured =
I
6) Calculate hot resistance by using RHOT = RMeasured×1.5

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:
Sl Vs in Vm in Vg in Ig in Im in N
No Volt Volt Volt Amp Amp Rpm %ηm %ηg

Measurement of motor armature resistance

SI NO. I in V in RMeasured =V/I
amps volts ohms

Ram = RMeasured×1.5

Measurement of motor field resistance

SI NO. I in V in RMeasured =V/I
amps volts ohms

Rfm = RMeasured×1.5

Measurement of generator armature resistance

SI NO. I in V in RMeasured =V/I
amps volts ohms

Rag = RMeasured×1.5

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 6

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Measurement of generator field resistance

SI NO. I in V in RMeasured =V/I
amps volts ohms

Rfg = RMeasured×1.5

Total input to the whole set = VsIm Watts

Generator output = VgIg Watts
Total losses in whole set = Wt = VsIm- VgIg
Wc = I 2m (R am  R fm  R fg ) + I g2 R ag
Total stray loss = Ws=Wt-Wc
Stray losses per machine = Ws/2

TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY OF MOTOR:

Input to motor = Vm I m
Ws
Total losses of motor = I 2m ( R am  R fm ) 
2
Output of motor = Input –Total losses
Output
%Efficiency of motor =  100
Input
TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY OF GENERATOR:

Output of generator = Vg I g Watts

Ws
Total losses = I 2m R fg  I g2 R ag  Watts
2
Input = Output + Total losses
Output
%Efficiency of generator =  100
Input

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 7

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

3. SPEED CONTROL OF D.C MOTOR BY ARMATURE VOLTAGE

CONTROL AND FLUX CONTROL
AIM: To control the speed of DC Shunt motor by
a) Armature voltage control
b) Field (flux) current control.

Name plate details:

DC Motor
Type
Output
Armature Voltage
Armature Current
Rated Speed

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10 A M.C 1 No

0-2 A M.C 1 No

3 Rheostat 290Ω, 2.8A Tubular 1 No

14Ω, 12A 1 No

4 Tachometer 1 No

Procedure:

Armature control:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the armature rheostat in cut in position & field rheostat in cut-out position. Close
the supply switch.
3. Keeping the field current constant, vary the voltage across armature by gradually cutting-
out the armature rheostat in steps, At each step, note down voltmeter reading and motor
speed.
4. Step no.3 is repeated for different values of field current.
5. Bring the rheostats to its initial positions and open the supply switch.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 8

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Flux control:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the armature rheostat in cut in position & field rheostat in cut-out position. Close
the supply switch.
3. Keeping the armature voltage constant, vary the current through field by gradually
cutting- in the field rheostat in steps, at each step, note down ammeter reading and motor
speed.
4. Step no.3 is repeated for different values of armature voltage.
5. Bring the rheostats to its initial positions and open the supply switch.

Circuit Diagram:

Observations:

Tabular Column:

ARMATURE CONTROL

If =
Sl. Vmotor in Speed in
No Volt Rpm

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 9

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

If =
Sl. Vmotor in Speed in
No Volt Rpm

FLUX CONTROL
V=
Sl. Ifield in Speed in
No Amps Rpm

V=
Sl. Ifield in Speed in
No Amps Rpm

GRAPH:
• Speed Vs Output Power

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 10

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

4. SWINBURNE’S TEST
AIM:
To pre-determine the efficiency of a DC machine by conducting Swinburne’s test on given
machine.
Name plate details:
DC Motor
Type
Output
Armature Voltage
Armature Current
Rated Speed

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 1 No

0-30 V M.C 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10 A M.C 1 No

0-2 A M.C 1 No

3 Rheostat 290Ω, 2.8A Tubular 1 No

14Ω, 12A 1 No

4 Tachometer 1 No

Procedure:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the armature rheostat in cut in position & field rheostat in cut-out position. Close
the supply switch.
3. Bring the motor to the rated speed by cutting out the armature rheostat and by cutting in
the field rheostat.
4. Note down the no load readings of speed, current & voltage.
5. Bring the rheostats to its initial positions and open the supply switch.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 11

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Armature resistance Measurement.

1. Connect the armature in series with load resistance.

2. Keep the load switch in off position. Close the supply switch.
3. Apply the load in steps & at each step note down the readings of all the meters.
4. Reduce the load to Zero. Open the supply switch.
V
5. Calculate the resistance by using the expression RMeasured =
I
6. Calculate hot resistance by using RHOT = RMeasured×1.5

Circuit Diagram:

Or

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 12

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Armature resistance Measurement

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:

Sl. Vmotor in Imotor in Ifield in Amp Speed in

No Volt Amp Rpm

Armature resistance Measurement

Armature Armature Armature Resistance
Sl. voltage V in current I in Rmeasured in Ohm
No Volt Amp

Ra = RMeasured×1.5

No load input to motor = Vm  I m Watts

Armature Cu. loss = (I a ) 2 R a = (I m - I f ) 2 R a Watts
Field Cu. loss of the M/C = Vm  I f Watts
Constant losses (WC) = Input – Arm. Cu. loss = Vm I m - (I m - I f ) 2 R a

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 13

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Machine running as Motor:

Wconstant = _____________________________

%Load X I/P Cu losses Total losses O/P power %η

Full
¾
½
¼

Input(Win )  X  Vr  Ir

Copper loss = Wcu =  XIr - If  × R a'

2

Total Loss (Wtotal) = Wcu + Wconst

Output= Win - Wtotal

Output
%η =  100
Input

Machine running as Generator:

Wconstant = _____________________________

%Load O/P Cu I/P %η

X power losses power
Full
¾
½
¼

Output X  Vr  Ir

Copper loss  XI r + I f   R |a

2

Input = O/P + Wcu + Wconst

Output
%η =  100
Input

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 14

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

GRAPH:

• % Efficiency Vs Output Power

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 15

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

5. Retardation test- Electrical braking method.

AIM:

To determine the stray loss and hence find the efficiency of given DC shunt motor by
Retardation test.
Name plate details:
DC Motor
Type
Output
Armature Voltage
Armature Current
Rated Speed

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 1 No

0-30 V M.C 1 No
2 Ammeter 0-5 A M.C 1 No

0-2 A M.C 1 No

3 Rheostat 290Ω, 2.8A Tubular 2 No

14Ω, 12A 1 No

4 Tachometer 1 No

5 DPDT Switch 1 No

6 Stopwatch

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 16

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

Measurement of motor armature resistance

PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the armature rheostat of the motor in cut in position, field rheostat of the motor in
cut-out position, load rheostat RL in fixed position and DPDT switch in A-B position,
close the supply switch.
3. Bring the motor to the rated speed by cutting out the armature rheostat and by cutting in
the field rheostat if necessary.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 17

 Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

4. Note down the readings of current(Ish) & voltage (V1).

5. Open the DPDT switch & note down the time taken by the motor to slow down by 5% of
the rated speed(t1 seconds) and the corresponding reading of voltmeter (V2)is noted
down.
6. Repeat step no.2 &3 & bring the motor to rated speed.
7. Open the DPDT switch and immediately thrown on to the position A’-B’ and at this
instant, the reading of ammeter (A) is noted down (IL1).
8. Note down the time taken by the motor to slow down by 5% of the rated speed (t2
seconds) and the corresponding reading of Ammeter (A) is (IL2).
9. Bring back the motor rheostats to initial starting positions and open the supply switch.

PROCEDURE FOR FINDING ARMATURE RESISTANCE:

1) Rig up the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2) Keep the load switch in off position. Close the supply switch.
3) Apply the load in steps & at each step note down the readings of all the meters.
4) Reduce the load to Zero. Open the supply switch.
V
5) Calculate the resistance by using the expression RMeasured =
I
6) Calculate hot resistance by using RHOT = RMeasured×1.5

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:

Sl Ish V1 V2 V= IL1 IL2 I L1 + I L2 T1 T2

No (A) Volts Volts V1 + V2 Amps Amps IL = seconds seconds
2
2 Amps
Volts

Measurement of motor armature resistance

SI NO. I in V in RMeasured =V/I
amps volts ohms

Ra = RMeasured×1.5

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 18

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

V1 = Rated voltage, Volts

V2 = Voltage after opening the DPDT switch and at the instant of 5% reduction in speed, volts
V1 + V2
Average Voltage across the load =V = volts
2
IL1 = load current at the instant when DPDT switch is along A’-B’Ampere
IL2 = Load current at the instant of 5% reduction in speed, Ampere
I L1 + I L2
IL =
2
Total input = V1I1 watts V1= rated voltage, I1= Rated current
Power absorbed by the load resistance = W’ = VIL Watts -------------------(1)
t2
Stray loss = Ws = W'  Watts
t1 + t 2
Armature current, Ia = IL - Ish
Armature copper loss = I a2 R a Watts ------------------------------------------(2)
Shunt field copper loss = V Ish Watts ------------------------------------------(3)
Total Loss = (1) + (2) + (3) Watts
Output =Input –Total Loss = V1I1 – [(1) + (2) + (3)] Watts
Output V I - [(1) + (2) + (3)]
Motor efficiency = ηm=  100 = 1 1  100
Input V1 I1

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 19

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

6. Hopkinson’s Test
AIM: To determine the efficiency of a DC machine by conducting Hopkinson’s test on given
machine.

Name plate details:

DC Motor DC Generator
Type Type
Output Output

Armature Voltage Armature Voltage

Armature Current Armature Current
Rated Speed Rated Speed
Excitation Excitation

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300 V M.C 1 No

0-600 V M.C 1 No

0-300 V M.C 1 No
2 Ammeter 0-20 A M.C 2 No

0-2 A M.C 2 No

3 Rheostat 290Ω, 2.8A Tubular 2 No

14Ω, 12A 1 No

4 Tachometer 1 No

5 SPST Switch 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 20

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

Armature resistance Measurement

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the armature rheostat of the motor in cut in position, field rheostat of the motor in
cut-out position & field rheostat of generator in cut-in position and keeping the SPST
switch open, close the supply switch.
3. Bring the motor to the rated speed by cutting out the armature rheostat and by cutting in
the field rheostat of the motor if necessary.
4. Increase the excitation to the generator by cutting out its field rheostat until the voltmeter
across SPST switch reads zero.
5. Close the SPST switch & note down all the meter readings under no load condition.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 21

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

6. Load the MG set by further cutting out field rheostat of generator(Over Excitation) in
steps till the rated full load current of generator is reached and at each step note down all
the meter readings.
7. Reduce the load to zero by varying the field rheostat and then open the SPST switch.
8. Bring the rheostats to its initial positions and open the supply switch.
Note: The current through the armature of the motor should not exceed the rated current of the
motor.

Procedure for finding armature resistance:

1) Rig up the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
2) Keep the load switch in off position. Close the supply switch.
3) Apply the load in steps & at each step note down the readings of all the meters.
4) Reduce the load to Zero. Open the supply switch.
V
5) Calculate the resistance by using the expression RMeasured =
I
6) Calculate hot resistance by using RHOT = RMeasured×1.5

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:
Sl No. Vm Im Ifm (I4) Ifg (I3) Ig (I1) Ws/2 %ηm %ηg
Volts Amps Amps Amps Amps

Armature Resistance Measurement of Motor

Armature Armature Armature Resistance
Sl. voltage V in current I in Rmeasured in Ohm
No Volt Amp

Ram = RMeasured×1.5

Armature Resistance Measurement of Generator

Armature Armature Armature Resistance
Sl. voltage V in current I in Rmeasured in Ohm
No Volt Amp

Rag = RMeasured×1.5

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 22

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Total input = VmIm Watts

Total stray loss = Ws
Ws = Vm I m - Vm I fm - Vm I fg - (I m - I fm + I g ) 2 R am - (I g + I fg ) 2 R ag

Stray losses per machine = Ws/2

TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY WHEN WORKING AS MOTOR:

Input to motor = (I m + I g ) Vm
Ws
Total losses of motor = Vm Ifm + (Im -Ifm +Ig )2 R am +
2
Output of motor = Input –Total losses
Output
%Efficiency of motor =  100
Input

TO FIND THE EFFICIENCY WHEN WORKING AS GENERATOR:

Output of generator = Vm  Ig Watts

Ws
Total losses = Vm I fg + (I g + I fg ) 2 R ag + Watts
2
Input = Output + Total losses
Output
%Efficiency of generator =  100
Input

Graph:
• % Efficiency Vs Output Power

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 23

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

7. Load Test on Three Phase Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

AIM:
To conduct the load test on a three phase squirrel cage induction motor and to draw the
performance characteristic curves
Name plate details:

INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity
Voltage
Current
Speed
Frequency

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO DESCRIPTION RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-600V M.I 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10/20A M.I 2 No

3 Wattmeter 10A/600V Dynamo meter(UPF) 2 No

4 Auto T/F 415V/0-440V 3- Φ 1 No

5 Tachometer Digital 1 No

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the auto transformer in zero output position.
3. Switch-ON the supply and apply rated voltage to the induction motor by varying the
auto-transformer.
4. If one of the wattmeter reads negative, interchange the position of the switch in
wattmeter and take down the reading as negative.
5. Note down the No load speed, current, voltage and power.
6. Apply load for various values of current by tightening the hand swivels& at each step
note down the readings.
7. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 24

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

Observations& Calculations:
Tabular Column:
Sl V in I in W1 W2 I/P(W1±W2) S1 S2 9.81(S1-S2)r N (2πNT/60) %
No Volt Amp watt watt watt Kg Kg (Torque)=T Rpm O/P inwatt %η PF slip

I/P = (W1±W2) watt

Torque=T =9.81(S1-S2)r

2Π NT
Output = inwatt
60

Output
%η =  100
Input

  W  W2  
PF= cos tan 1  3 1 
  W1  W2  

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 25

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Ns  N
%slip= x 100
Ns

Circumfere nce of the brake drum

r=
2

GRAPH: The following graphs are to be drawn

• Speed Vs Output Power

• Line current Vs Output Power
• Torque Vs Output Power
• Power factor Vs Output Power
• % Efficiency Vs Output Power
• % Slip Vs Output Power

Expected Graph:

Mechanical characteristics

Electrical characteristics

RESULT: Thus the load test on a given three phase squirrel cage induction motor is done and
the characteristic curves are drawn.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 26

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

8. Circle diagram of 3-Ø Induction Motor

AIM:
To pre-determine the pf, %slip, %η, line current of the 3-induction motor by circle diagram
method and also to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-Φ Induction Motor.

Name plate details:

INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity
Voltage
Current
Speed
Frequency

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO DESCRIPTION RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-600V M.I 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10/20A M.I 1 No

3 Wattmeter 2.5A/600V Dynamo meter(LPF) 2 No

4 Wattmeter 10A/300V Dynamo meter(UPF) 2 No

5 Auto T/F 415V/0-440V 3- Φ 1 No

6 Voltmeter 0-30V M.C 1 No

7 Ammeter 0-5A M.C 1 No

8 Tachometer Digital 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 27

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

No Load Test:

Blocked Rotor Test:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 28

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Measurement of Sator Resistance:

PROCEDURE:

No load Test
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Short rotor terminals.
2. Close the supply switch; gradually vary the autotransformer to apply rated
voltage of the machine. Now, check the no load speed.
3. If one of the wattmeter kicks back, then throw the switch to other point.
4. Now note down the readings of the wattmeter, ammeter and voltmeter
accurately.
5. Reduce the voltage applied to zero gradually by operating the autotransformer.
6. Switch off the supply switch.

Blocked Rotor Test

1. Tighten the belt of the brake drum: keep the o/p of the autotransformer at zero
position and the close the supply switch.
2. Now gradually increase the applied voltage to the machine by varying the
autotransformer till the motor takes the full load current exactly.
3. Take all the readings and gradually bring the applied voltage to zero by varying
the auto-transformer knob in the anti clockwise direction.
4. Open the supply switch.

Measurement of Stator Resistance:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Close the supply switch and note down the meter readings.
3. Vary the rheostat, and note down the meter readings and tabulate.
4. The a.c. resistance per phase(R1) is calculated by R1=1.6Rdc.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 29

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:

No Load test

Io W1 W2 Input Vo Ф°o

Amps Watts Watts Wo Volts degrees

Blocked Rotor test

Isc W1 W2 Input Vsc Ф°sc

Amps Watts Watts Wsc Volts degree

Measurement of Stator Resistance:

Sl. No. V volt I ampere Rdc = in Ω

Average Rdc = ohm

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 30

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

From no load test

Wo
 o = Cos -1
3Vo I o
From blocked rotor test.
WSC
Φ sc = Cos -1
3VSC I SC
V0
I SN = I SC 
VSC
2
I 
WSN = WSC  SN 
 I SC 
R1 = 1.6 Rdc
Construction of circle diagram:
1. From No load test, Io and Фo are obtained. Draw the Io(OO’) lagging by Фo behind
the applied voltage V.

2. From Blocked rotor test or short circuit test ISN corresponding to rated Voltage of
the motor is calculated. Draw ISN(OA) lagging Фsc behind the applied voltage
which is Voltage axis.

3. Join O’A which is the output line and draw a horizontal line (O’B) parallel to x-
axis.
4. The output line i.e., line O’A is bisected at right angles.

5. Extend this bisector to meet O’B at point C.

6. With C as Center and CO’ as radius, a circle is drawn.

7. Draw perpendicular line from A to X-axis to meet point D. (AD)

WSN
8. Power scale =
l(AD)
Full Load Output
9. Full load output as per scale is = AA’ =
Power scale
10. Draw a parallel line to the output line from A’ to meet the circle at point P. This is
the full load point . Join O and L which is Full load line current.

11. To find E
2
3I SN R1
EF =
Power Scale

12. Join O’E which is the Torque line.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 31

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

pf =CosФ

QR
%Slip = ×100
PR

PQ
%η= ×100
PT

Equivalent Circuit Diagram:

From no load test:

Iw=I0cosФ0

I= I0sinФ0

VO
Ro=
Iw

VO
Xo=
Iμ

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 32

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

From Blocked Rotor test

VSC
Zeq=
I SC

WSC
Req=
3  I SC
2

Zeq  R eq
2 2
Xeq=

R !2  Req - R1

(Ns - N)
S=
N

(1  S)
R !L = R !2 ×
S

Result: The performance characteristics of the 3- induction motor is evaluated by circle
diagram method and also the equivalent circuit of 3-Φ Induction Motor is drawn.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 33

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

9. Load Test on Induction Generator

AIM:
To draw the performance characteristics of induction generator.

Name plate details:

INDUCTION MOTOR DC MOTOR
Capacity Capacity
Voltage Voltage
Current Current
Speed Speed
Frequency

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO DESCRIPTION RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-600V M.I 1 No

Voltmeter 0-300V M.C 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10/20A M.I 1 No

Ammeter 0-10/20A M.C 1 No

3 Wattmeter 10A/600V Dynamo meter(UPF) 2 No

4 Rheostat 290  1 No

5 Tachometer Digital 1 No

6 Energy meter 1 Electro mechanical 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 34

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made a shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Close the supply switch and start the induction motor using a Star-Delta starter
3. Vary the 290 ohms rheostat such that voltage across DPST switch is Zero. Vary the
rheostat Such that the energy meter aluminum disc stops rotating. Note down the readings
of all meters.
4. Vary the rheostat and observe the aluminum disc starts rotating in the opposite direction.
5. Note down the different meter readings. At this point induction motor is running as
generator.
6. After making the DC current drawn from supply to zero, open the supply switch by
bringing the Set to initial starting situation.

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:
Output Input
SL Vdc Idc N W1 W2 Iac %
NO. rpm IM IM PF %slip η
Volts amps watts watts Amps
Watts Watts

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 35

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Vselected  I selected CosΦ

Wattmeter constant: k =
Full scale reading
Output= W1 + W2 watts
Input= Vdc× Idc × η
η of motor = assumed as 0.85
3 (W1 - W2 )
Cos Φ = Cos Tan-1[ ]
(W1 + W2 )
% slip = (Ns-N) х 100
Ns

GRAPH: The graph are drawn as

• Power factor Vs Output Power

• % Efficiency Vs Output Power
• % Slip Vs Output Power

RESULT: Thus the efficiency of the induction generator is evaluated and the characteristic
curves are drawn.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 36

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

10. Load Test on 1-Ø Induction Motor

Aim: To conduct a Load Test on the single phase Induction Motor and to plot the performance
characteristics of the Motor.

Name plate details:

1-Ø INDUCTION MOTOR

Capacity

Voltage

Current

Speed

Frequency

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO DESCRIPTION RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-300V M.I 1 No
2 Ammeter 0-10/20A M.I 1 No
3 Wattmeter 300V, 10A Dynamo meter(UPF) 1 No
4 Auto T/F 230V/0-270V 1- Φ 1 No
6 Tachometer Digital 1 No

Circuit Diagram:
or

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 37

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the auto transformer in zero output position.

3. Switch-ON the supply and apply rated voltage to the induction motor by varying the
auto-transformer or with DOL starter.

4. Note down the no load meter readings.

5. Apply load for various values of current by tightening the hand swivels & at each step
note down the readings.

6. The load is later released and the motor is switched off and the graph is drawn.

Observations& Calculations:

Tabular Column:

Sl V in I in I/P(W) S1 S2 9.81(S1-S2)R N (2πNT/60) O/P %η PF %

No Volts Amps watts Kg Kg (Torque)=T in Nm Rpm inwatts slip

Torque=T =9.81(S1-S2)r

2Π NT
Output = in watt
60

Output
%η =  100
Input

W
pf =
VI

Ns  N
%slip= x 100
Ns

Circumfere nce of the brake drum

r =
2Π

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 38

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

GRAPH: The graph are drawn as

• Speed Vs Torque

• Line current Vs Output Power

• Torque Vs Output Power

• Power factor Vs Output Power

• % Efficiency Vs Output Power

• % Slip Vs Output Power

Expected Graph:

Mechanical characteristics

Electrical characteristics

RESULT: Thus the load test on a given single phase induction motor is performed and the
characteristic curves are drawn.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 39

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

11. Equivalent Circuit of a Single Phase Induction Motor

AIM:
To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a single phase induction motor by performing
the no- load and blocked rotor tests.

Name plate details:

INDUCTION MOTOR
Capacity
Voltage
Current
Speed
Frequency

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO DESCRIPTION RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-600V M.I 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-10/20A M.I 1 No

3 Wattmeter 2.5 A/300V Dynamo meter(LPF) 1 No

4 Wattmeter 10 A/150V Dynamo meter(UPF) 1 No

5 Auto T/F 0-230V 1- Φ 1 No

6 Voltmeter 0-30V M.C 1 No

7 Ammeter 0-2 A M.C 1 No

8 Tachometer Digital 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 40

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

No Load Test:

Blocked Rotor Test:

Measurement of Main winding Resistance:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 41

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

PROCEDURE:

No load Test
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram. Short rotor terminals.
2. Close the supply switch; gradually vary the autotransformer to apply rated voltage of
the machine. Now, check the no load speed.
3. Now note down the readings of the wattmeter, ammeter and voltmeter accurately.
4. Reduce the voltage applied to zero gradually by operating the autotransformer.
5. Switch off the supply switch.

Blocked Rotor Test

1. Tighten the belt of the brake drum: keep the o/p of the autotransformer at zero
position and the close the supply switch.
2. Now gradually increase the applied voltage to the machine by varying the
autotransformer till the motor takes the full load current exactly.
3. Take all the readings and gradually bring the applied voltage to zero by varying the
auto-transformer knob in the anti clockwise direction.
4. Open the supply switch.

Measurement of Main winding Resistance:

1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Close the supply switch and note down the meter readings.
3. Vary the rheostat, and note down the meter readings and tabulate.
4. The a.c. resistance per phase(R1) is calculated by R1=1.6Rdc.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 42

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Observations & Calculations:

Tabular Column:
No Load test
Io Input Vo Ф°o
Amps Wo Volts degrees

Blocked Rotor test

Isc Input Vsc Ф°sc
Amps Wsc Volts degree

Measurement of Stator Resistance:

Sl. No. V volt I ampere Rdc = in Ω

Average Rdc = ohm

Equivalent Circuit Diagram:

From no load test

Wo
 o = Cos -1
Vo I o

V0
Zo=
I0

Xo= Z0Sin  0

Xm X2
X 0  X1   ( Note : X 1  X 2 )
2 2

X m  2X 0  3X1

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 43

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

From Blocked Rotor test

WSC
Φ sc = Cos -1
VSCISC

VSC
Zsc=
I SC

Rsc = Zsc Cos Φsc

Xsc= Zsc 2  R sc 2

or Xsc = Zsc Sin Φsc

Rsc = r1+ (2 * r2/2) = r1+r2

r2=Rsc-r1

where r1=1.2Ra

Xsc=x1+x2

Assuming x1=x2, we get

x1=x2=Xsc/2

Result:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 44

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

12. V and Inverted V curves of a Synchronous Motor

AIM:
To plot the V and inverted V curves of synchronous motor.

Name plate details:

DC Generator Synchronous motor

Type Type
Output Output

Armature Voltage Voltage

Armature Current Current
Rated Speed Rated Speed
Excitation

Apparatus Required:

SL.NO APPARATUS RANGE TYPE QTY

1 Voltmeter 0-600 V M.I 1 No

0-300V M.C 1 No

2 Ammeter 0-5 A M.C 1 No

0-10 A M.I 1 No

3 Rheostat 14Ω, 12A Tubular 1 No

600Ω 2 No

4 Wattmeter 0-20A, 600V Dynamo meter(UPF) 2 No

5 Load Variable 1 No

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 45

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Circuit Diagram:

PROCEDURE:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the field rheostat of the Synchronous motor & the field rheostat of the DC generator
in cut in position.
3. Keep the 3 phase autotransformer in zero position and keep the Load switch open.
4. Close the AC supply switch, & Apply the rated voltage to synchronous machine by
varying the Autotransformer. Now the motor starts as an induction motor.
5. Close the DPST switch (field excitation ON). The machine is now pulled into
synchronism.
6. Adjust the field rheostat of synchronous motor such that the armature current drawn from
mains is minimum. This gives the normal value of excitation (i.e., at unity pf) at no load.
7. Vary the field rheostat of motor, so that the excitation current decreases. With the
reduction of excitation current, the armature current would increase. Reduce the
excitation current till the armature current reaches its rated value & at each step, tabulate
the readings.
8. Repeat step 7.
9. Repeat step 8 by increasing the excitation current.
10. Bring back the rheostats, autotransformers to its initial positions & open the main supply
switches.
11. Plot the graph of pf v/s If both at no load and on load and also plot the graphs of Ia v/s If
for both no load and on load.

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 46

Electrical Machines Lab - 2 18EEL47

Observations & Calculations:

Sl No W1 in W2 in Iac in Vac in If in Cos Ф

watts watts Amps Amps Amps

GRAPH:
 pf v/s If
 Ia v/s If

RESULT:

Dept of EEE, DSATM Page 47

 QUESTION BANK
1. By conducting suitable experiment, Pre determine the efficiency of the given DC
machine when running as motor for a Load of _____________% by conducting suitable
experiment.

2. By conducting suitable experiment, Pre determine the efficiency of the given DC machine
when running as Generator for a load of __________ % by conducting suitable experiment

3. Draw the Armature Voltage v/s Speed and Field current vs Speed characteristics of a given
DC shunt motor by conducting a necessary Tests.

4. By conducting suitable experiment demonstrate that Speed can be controlled in both forward
and reverse directions for a DC shunt motor.

5. Draw the following Curves for a given DC shunt motor by conducting load test.

(a) % Efficiency Vs BHP (c) T Vs BHP

(b) N Vs T (d) N Vs BHP

6. Conduct a suitable test on a given DC shunt motor and obtain the following parameters at
__________ % load.

(a) % efficiency (d) N

(b) BHP (e) Motor power input

(c) T Vs BHP

7. Conduct the regenerative test on two similar DC machines and pre-determine efficiency of a
motor at ___________ % load.

8. Conduct the regenerative test on two similar DC machines and pre-determine efficiency of a
generator at __________ % load.

9. Conduct the Back to Back test to pre-determine the efficiency of a motor at _______ load and
efficiency of a generator at _______load.

10.Conduct Retardation Test and predetermine the efficiency as a generator at _________ Load.

11.Conduct Retardation Test and predetermine the efficiency as a Motor at _________ Load.

12.Conduct Retardation Test and predetermine the efficiency as a generator and as a Motor at
_________ Load.

13.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „V‟ curve at no Load.
14.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „V‟ curve at 3A Load.

15.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „Λ‟ curve at no Load.

16.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „Λ‟ curve at 2A Load.

17.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „V‟and „Λ‟ curve at
No Load.

18.Conduct suitable experiment on a 3-phase Synchronous motor to draw „V‟and „Λ‟ curve at
4A Load.

19.Conduct Field test on a D.C Series Machines and calculate Its Efficiency as aMotor at
__________Load.

20.Conduct Field test on a D.C. Series Machines and calculate Its efficiency, as aGenerator at
__________load.

21.Conduct Field test on a D.C. Series Machines and calculate Its efficiency, as aGenerator and
as a Motor at __________ load.

22.Conduct Field test on a D.C. Series Machines, to draw the % efficiency vsLoad curve.

23.Draw the torque VS speed characteristic of a 3 – Phase induction motor byconducting

necessary test on it.

24.Conduct load test on a 3 – Phase induction motor and draw BHP VS η, BHP VSP.f and BHP
VS slip characteristics.

25.Conduct load test on a 3 – Phase induction motor and determine at ¾ fullload slip, η, Torque
and output.

26.Conduct necessary tests on a 3 – Phase induction motor and draw itsequivalent circuit.

27.Draw the torque VS speed characteristic of a Single – Phase induction motorby conducting
necessary test on it.

28.Conduct load test on a Single – Phase induction motor and draw BHP VS η,BHP VS P.f and
BHP VS slip characteristics.

29.Conduct load test on a Single – Phase induction motor and determine at ¾full load slip, η,
Torque and output.

30.Conduct necessary tests on a 3 – Phase induction motor to draw its circlediagram. Assume
stator copper loss is equal to Rotor copper loss.

31.Conduct necessary tests on a 3 – Phase induction motor to draw its circlediagram and from it
determine the following at maximum torque output, η, slip and power factor.
32.Draw the circle diagram of a 3 – Phase induction motor by conductingnecessary tests and
calculate at maximum output, η, slip, power factor andinput current.

33.Draw the circle diagram of a 3 – Phase induction motor and calculate at fullload η, output,
slip, torque & P.f.

34.Draw the circle diagram of a 3 – Phase induction motor and calculate at 10Amps the output,
η, slip, torque & Power factor.

35.Conduct necessary test on a given 3 – Phase induction motor and drawvoltage VS speed
characteristic.

36.Conduct load test on a given induction generator and find its efficiency at ¾full load.

37.Conduct load test on a given induction generator and find its efficiency at 5Aload.

38.Determine the efficiency and regulation for three single phase transformersconnected in y-Δ
at full load..

VIVA – VOCE QUESTIONS

1. Single Phase Induction Motor
1. What are the different types of single phase induction motor?
2. Why a single phase induction motor is not self starting?
3. How do you make a single phase induction motor self starting?
4. Explain briefly the working of split phase induction motor.
5. What are the applications of split phase induction motor?
6. What is the function of capacitor in capacitor start and induction run motor?
7. What are the advantages of capacitor start and capacitor run induction motor?
8. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit for single phase induction motor.
2. 3- Phase Induction motor
1. What is the basic principle of operation of a 3- phase induction motor?
2. What is the function of Stator?
3. What do you mean by the term Synchronous speed?
4. What is „slip‟ in Induction motor? Why the slip is never zero in an Inductionmotor?
5. What is the frequency of induced current in the rotor of an induction motor atstand still and
while it is running?
6. Mention the different types of Rotors?
7. What are the differences in construction between Squirrel- cage and Phasewound- rotor of an
Induced Motor? What are their applications?
8. Why the rotor bars of a squirrel cage rotor are skewed?
9. What is the advantage of phase wound rotor?
10. How torque is produced in an induction motor?
11. How the starting torque of phase wound rotor does is improved?
12. What is the condition for maximum starting torque? and maximum torqueunder running
condition?
13. Draw the torque slip characteristics and explain.
14. What do you mean by Pullout or Break down torque?
3. Circle Diagram of 3- phase Induction motor
1. What are the losses taking place in 3- phase induction motor?
2. How much operating characteristics of a three phase Induction motor can becomputed by use
of circle diagram?
3. What are the losses taking place in a three phase induction motor?
4. How do you determine the friction and windage loss from no-load test?
5. How do you determine the maximum output and minimum torque from circlediagram?
6. What is the expression for rotor copper loss?
7. What do you mean by Synchronous Watt?
8. Draw an approximate equivalent circuit for 3- phase induction motor. Drawthe vector
diagram.
9. What are the similarities between a transformer and a 3- phase inductionmotor?
10. What do you mean by “Crawling and Cogging”?
4. Induction Generator
1. What do you understand the floating conditions.
2. What is the use of three phase Energy meter?
3. Explain the meaning of excitation.
5. DC Machines
1. Why should the field rheostat be kept in the position of minimum resistance?
2. What is the loading arrangement used in a DC motor?
3. How can the direction of rotation of a DC shunt motor be reversed?
4. What are the mechanical and electrical characteristics of a DC shunt motor?
5. What are the applications of a DC shunt motor?
6. What is meant by armature reaction?
7. How should a generator be started?
8. How should a Shunt or compound generator be started?
9. When a generator loses its residual flux due to short circuit, how can it be madeto build up?
10. What causes heating of armature?
11. What will happen if both the currents are reversed?
12. What will happen if the field of a DC shunt motor is opened?
13. What happens if the direction of current at the terminals of series motor isreversed?
14. Explain what happens when a DC motor is connected across an AC supply?
15. Why does a DC motor sometimes spark on light load?
16. A DC motor fails to start when switched on. What could be the possible reasonsand
remedies?
17. What is meant by back?
18. Discuss different methods of speed control of a DC motor.
19. Why a DC series motor should not be started at No load?
20. What are the losses that occur in DC machines?
21. State some present day uses of DC machines.
22. Why a DC series motor should never be stared without load?
23. Why a DC series motor has a high starting torque?
24. Compare the resistances of the field windings of DC shunt and series motor?
25. What are the applications of DC series motor?
26. Comment on the Speed – Torque characteristics of a DC series motor.
27. How does the torque vary with the armature current in a DC series motor?
28. How does the speed of a DC shunt motor vary with armature voltage and fieldcurrent?
29. Compare the resistance of the armature and field winding.
30. What is the importance of speed control of DC motor in industrial applications?
31. Which is of the two methods of speed control is better and why?
32. Why is the speed of DC shunt motor practically constant under normal loadcondition?
33. What are the factors affecting the speed of a DC shunt motor?
34. What is meant by residual magnetism?
35. What is critical field resistance?
36. What is meant by saturation?
37. What is the difference between external and internal characteristics?
38. What is the purpose of Swinburne‟s test?
39. What are the constant losses in a DC machine?
40. What are the assumptions made in Swinburne‟s test?
41. Why is the indirect method preferred to the direct loading test?
42. The efficiency of DC machine is generally higher when it works as a generator thanmotor. Is
this statement true or false? Justify your answer with proper reasons
43. What is the purpose of Hopkinson‟s test?
44. What are the precautions to be observed in this test?
45. What are the advantages of Hopkinson‟s test?
46. What are the conditions for conducting the test?
47. Why the adjustments are done in the field rheostat of generator and motor?
48. If the voltmeter across the SPST switch reads zero what does it indicate? If it doesnot read
zero value what does it indicate?
49. What are the other names for Hopkinson‟s test?
50. Why is armature resistance less than field resistance of dc shunt machine?
51. Why is armature resistance more than field resistance of dc series machine?
52. Write the EMF equation of DC and AC machine.
53. Write the torque equation of DC motor.